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Athletes eat what will be detected doping

Athletes eat what will detect doping

Athletes eat what will detect doping, we all know that the athletes usually diet is particularly need to pay attention to, especially when they have to go out to eat, there are a lot of things can not be eaten, if there is a doping will not be able to participate in the game, so athletes eat what will detect doping it?

What athletes eat will detect doping 1

These common foods include: cloves, licorice, lotus seed, lotus heart, ham hock, meat loaf, lunch meat, husband and wife lung slices, hot pot, all kinds of brine, animal offal, barbecue, fried food (melon seeds, etc.), pork, beef and mutton, Sakaiko, red bull, and so on.

What are the prohibited stimulant drugs?

According to the 2021 version of the Prohibited List International Standard issued by the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA), stimulants include anabolic agents, peptide hormones, diuretics, stimulants, anesthetics, and several other major categories. In daily life, the average person has more contact with the following categories of drugs:

1, diuretic antihypertensive drugs

Diuretics are commonly used in the treatment of high blood pressure, heart failure medications, which do not have a direct role in stimulating the central nervous system. However, such drugs will increase the amount of urine discharged, can quickly lose weight. In addition, it can also dilute the urine, if the athlete took the prohibited drugs, and then take diuretics, you can reduce the content of the prohibited drugs in the urine, to deceive the urine test.

2, containing "hemp" cold medicine

Pseudoephedrine can contract blood vessels, reduce nasal congestion, nasal congestion symptoms, is a very common ingredient in compound cold medicine. However, it is banned due to its excitatory effect on the central nervous system and to prevent it from being abused by athletes to enhance performance.

3, anabolic steroids

Most of the drugs in this category belong to the androgen "derivatives", is currently the most widely used, the highest frequency of application of a class of stimulants.

4, heart disease drugs

For example, Trimetazidine, this drug is used in the prevention of angina pectoris, can alleviate the symptoms of myocardial ischemia, improve myocardial cell energy reserves, and improve the function of the heart. 2014 was included in the WADA banned list of prohibited drugs in the race.

5, glucocorticoids

Acting on metabolism and the immune system, to alleviate fatigue and inflammation, and can increase an athlete's tolerance to pain

What is a doping agent?

Stimulants are known as "dope" in English, which originally meant "an opiate-anesthetic mixture for use in racehorses", and because most of the earliest medications taken by athletes to improve their performance are stimulant medications ("stimulants"), it is not surprising that some of the first stimulant medications taken by athletes have been used to improve their performance, despite the fact that they have been used for many years. Since most of the first drugs taken by athletes to improve their performance were stimulants, the term "dope" is still used internationally for banned drugs, even though not all of the other types of drugs later banned are stimulants (e.g., diuretics). Therefore, the term "stimulant" is no longer used to refer to drugs that are stimulants, but is a generic term for all banned drugs.

What athletes eat to detect doping2

Classification of doping agents

According to the classification of the IOC, doping agents are divided into the following seven categories: stimulants, anabolic steroids, narcotic painkillers, diuretics, blood stimulants, peptide and glycoprotein hormones, and beta-blockers.

I. Stimulants

Varieties: including phenyl[propyl]amine, caffeine, ephedrine, nicotine[shakuhachi]rice, strychnine, etc..

Drug effects: These drugs can increase an athlete's agility, temporarily reduce fatigue and increase aggression.

Side effects: The side effects of these drugs are addictive and can also delay the fatigue threshold, going into overdrive without realizing it, causing some serious illnesses and even death. Acne is the most common and insignificant side effect of steroids.

Second, anabolic agents

Varieties: anabolic steroids, β2 agonists, including vigorously tonic, nandrolone, conilone and so on.

Drug effects: can significantly promote muscle growth, increase muscle strength and endurance.

Side effects: these drugs can irreversibly damage the cardiovascular system, liver, reproductive system occurs, and is a class of carcinogens.

Three, narcotic painkillers

Varieties: including [morphine], codeine, dulcolax and other drugs.

Drug effects: the ability to produce a sense of euphoria or psychological stimulation, so that the user beyond the normal boundaries of pain tolerance and try to behave themselves.

Side effects: Long-term use of these drugs can lead to addiction, and even when they are stopped, reactions such as tearing, running, vomiting, abdominal pain, and diarrhea can occur.

Fourth, diuretics

Varieties: including furosemide, as well as hydrochlorothiazide (Chen Xinyi was found positive for hydrochlorothiazide).

Effects: It is often used in sport to rapidly lose weight and to avoid doping controls.

Side effects: metabolic disorders, altered glucose metabolism.

V. Blood doping

Effects: A means of inducing an increase in the number of red blood cells by means of blood transfusion to improve athletic performance.

Side effects: The side effect of this stimulant is to aggravate cardiovascular blood circulation and cause metabolic shock. If you transfuse someone else's blood, there will be an allergic reaction, causing acute hemolysis and accompanied by renal impairment; in addition, there is also the risk of contracting blood-borne diseases such as hepatitis and love [zoonosis].

Six, endogenous peptide hormones

Varieties: including human growth hormone, insulin, gonadotropins, etc., the most common is EPO, that is, (pro)erythropoietin.

Drug effects: can promote the production of red blood cells, so that the concentration of red blood cells in the blood to maintain a high level.

Side effects: The increase in red blood cells caused by injections of EPO up to a certain level slows down the blood flow significantly and poses a danger to the coagulation mechanism.

VII. β-Blockers

Variety: also known as β-adrenergic receptor blockers, the representative drugs are cardiac glycosides and so on.

Drug effects: This drug is usually used to lower blood pressure, reduce heart rate and calm the mood, so it is generally used by shooters to increase the stability of the nerves and trigger finger.

Side effects: Side effects of beta-blockers include depression and secondary heart failure, sudden bronchospasm in asthmatics, and depression of the central nervous system and even sexual dysfunction in men.

What do athletes take to find out about doping3

What do athletes take to find out about doping

1. There are many kinds of doping, and Anabolic Steroids are one of the most common. It can trigger protein synthesis and stimulate muscle growth, thus achieving the purpose of increasing muscle strength. According to the journal Nature, this type of stimulant, when combined with exercise***, can increase muscle strength by 38% in men and even more in women.

Thomas D, California State University, Fahey test showed that taking steroids can make athletes weight increase by an average of about 4 pounds, the average increase in body weight of about 6 pounds, weightlifters come in the deadlift and squatting, their . Deadlifts can increase by an average of about 15 pounds and 30 pounds, respectively.

2, another common stimulant is human growth hormone (Growth Hormone), the same, it can also stimulate muscle growth, but its growth effect is still debatable. 2010, Meinhardt in the Annals of Internal Medicine published in the 152nd issue of the study proved that the use of human growth hormone can make the athlete's ability to sprint increased by 4%.

This may seem insignificant, but for athletes who want to break records, human growth hormone can increase their speed by seconds every 10 seconds.

3. In addition, there is a class of blood stimulants - erythropoietin (EPO) - that play a key role in improving athletes' endurance. Athletes take it to increase the number of oxygen-carrying red blood cells, i.e. to increase their own oxygen supply.

In 1980, Buick's experiments, published in Applied Physiology, Vol. 48, No. 4, demonstrated that blood stimulants can increase human endurance by 34%. If athletes took EPO, they would run 8 kilometers on a treadmill in 44 seconds less than before.

Harms of Stimulants

1. Physiological Harms

1-1, Serious Personality Changes

1-2, Drug Dependence

1-3, Leads to Abnormalities of Cellular and Organic Functions

1-4, produce allergic reactions, impair immunity - cause various infections (such as hepatitis and AIDS) The harm of stimulant use comes mainly from hormone- and stimulant-based drugs. What is particularly worrying is that many of the harmful effects only show up after a few years, and even doctors can't tell which athletes are at risk and which ones won't be for a while.

2. Psychological harm

2-1. Doping is unethical. Doping by athletes is a kind of cheating behavior. Because, the use of illegal doping drugs and methods of harm will allow the user to gain an advantage in the game, this illegal behavior is not in line with the sports ethics of honesty and fair play. The principle of fair play is most emphasized in modern sports.

Fair play means "clean play", proper methods and honorable behavior. Doping is both a violation of sports regulations and a violation of basic sports ethics. Doping makes sport unfair and athletes are no longer on an equal footing.

2-2. Doping will cause great harm to human physiology and psychology, resulting in heart failure, agitation, agitation, masculinization of adult women, premature baldness of men, prostatitis, prostate hypertrophy, diabetes, heart disease, and other serious damage to the physical and mental health of the human being.

2-3, can activate or enhance the central nervous system activity of the preparation. Including phenyl [propyl] amine, cocaine, caffeine and other xanthines, nicotine and synthetic appetite suppressants, such as phenmetrazine or methylphenidate. Stimulants can cause symptoms of intoxication, including tachycardia, dilated pupils, elevated blood pressure, hyperreflexia, sweating, chills, nausea or vomiting, and abnormal behavior, such as brawling, exaggeration, hypervigilance, agitation, and impaired judgment.

Long-term use often leads to personality changes, such as impulsivity, aggression, irritability, and suspicion, and can also lead to delusional psychosis. Withdrawal after prolonged or heavy use can result in a withdrawal syndrome characterized by depressive states, fatigue, sleep disturbances, and excessive dreaming.