Like other European countries that like high-calorie and high-fat foods, Russian women like to mix all kinds of vegetables and sauces with staple foods, which not only enriches the types and tastes of food, but also effectively controls the intake of pure fat. In addition, Russia is located in a cold zone, so vodka and other wines naturally become people's favorite. Alcohol is also one of the ways to help fat burn and supply heat energy in the body. Don't miss it if you love to lose weight.
Russians have distinctive national characteristics in their eating habits. They pay attention to cooking, so Russian cuisine is famous all over the world.
1 bread
Since ancient times, Russia has taken bread as its staple food. There are many kinds of bread, including white bread, brown bread, rye flour and corn flour. The consumption of white bread is very high. But Russians also like to eat black bread, even more than white bread. The main raw material of black bread is rye flour, which is rich in vitamins and has high nutritional value. Black bread has a smell of wheat, slightly sour at the entrance, and sweet after chewing for a while. According to the beginning, there are: big round bread, which can reach 40 cm in diameter and has patterns on it; Donuts; Padlock-shaped bread; Bun, whose size is similar to China's steamed bread at the beginning, can be cut open and sandwiched with meat and cheese; Dried bread; Figure 8 sweet bread; Rectangular bread; Oval bread and so on.
There is also a kind of food in Russia, which is called the "second bread" of Russians, and this is potatoes. Russians love potatoes very much. According to statistics, Russia consumes more than 0/00 kilograms of potatoes per capita every year, which is similar to the consumption of grain. There are many ways to eat potatoes in Russia: boiled potatoes, baked potatoes, mashed potatoes, small flat cakes made of potatoes, used as side dishes of steak, roast chicken and so on.
2, three meals a day
In addition to bread and potatoes, there are also beef, pork, mutton, milk, vegetables, butter, cheese and so on. Russian dining is characterized by more meat and milk and less vegetables.
The Russian way of eating is to eat together. Generally, cold dishes are served first, such as salad, ham, fish and frozen fish, cold lettuce, pickled cucumber, etc. Then the main course, there are three main courses, the first is soup, such as fresh fish soup, clear chicken soup, mixed meat soup, meatball pea soup, red vegetable soup and so on. Russians especially like to drink red vegetable soup, also known as Luo Songtang. This soup is made by cutting the meat into small pieces, shredding the cabbage, potatoes, onions and carrots into water, adding seasonings such as salt and sugar, cooking them together, pouring sour cream on them after cooking, and sometimes adding mushrooms and dried plums, which is delicious. Russians can eat bread with soup, which is different from westerners. Moreover, besides white bread, there is also a plate of black bread on the dining table. The second course is meat dishes, such as fried steak, roast beef, fried chicken and fried meat pie, with potato chips, cabbage and beets. The third and last course is sweets, usually boiled fruits, jelly, ice cream, snacks, sweat, tea or coffee and other drinks. At banquets, there is usually caviar, which is the top grade of dishes, including black caviar and red caviar. How to eat: first spread a layer of butter on white bread, and then dip red or black caviar in the butter.
Russians are very particular about spices when cooking. Their view is that seasoning can not only flavor, but also increase the nutritional value of vegetables. Their common seasonings are onion, ginger, garlic, pepper and mustard. In addition, they often put bay leaves, cloves, fennel seeds and salad oil mixed with olive oil, egg yolk and spices in their dishes.
Due to the short summer and long winter and insufficient sunshine in Russia, potatoes, cabbages, carrots and onions are the main products all year round, and fresh seasonal vegetables and fruits are rare and difficult to store.
3. drinks
Russian favorite drinks include alcoholic drinks such as vodka, beer, wine and champagne; Non-alcoholic beverages such as tea; Cool drinks such as Kvas.
Russians are famous for their good wine, and everyone drinks heartily on holidays and birthdays. Among all kinds of alcoholic drinks, they like vodka best. Vodka is almost synonymous with Russia. Russian vodka was introduced from Genoa, Italy in 1428, but Vasily III, the then ruling Grand Duke of Moscow, banned vodka to protect the interests of the producers of honey wine, a traditional famous wine in his country. Ivan the Red opened the "Royal Wine Garden" in Moscow for the first time, but soon after, he ordered that no one should drink vodka except his own guards. Vodka didn't spread among the people until Ukraine was merged into Russia. Peter the Great also regarded vodka as the main source of revenue for the national treasury. Vodka is made by treating alcohol with activated carbon to remove impure odor, and then adding water until the alcohol content reaches 36%-60%. Most of the vodka sold in the market is 42 degrees. Vodka made from grain has a crisp taste and a long aftertaste. "Capital" brand vodka is the top product of this kind of wine. Champagne is an indispensable opening ceremony for various festive banquets in Russia, followed by vodka. Le golitsyn is the father of Russian champagne. Russians are good at making toasts when drinking, wishing to meet, wish health, wish children, wish peace and wish friendship, one after another. When the wine reaches its height, it sings and dances. The first drink is usually dry, and then everyone is free and does not persuade the wine according to the rules. The third glass of wine is often done for the ladies present. Men have to get up and drink it, while women don't have to get up and don't have to finish it. If you are a guest in the host's house, finally: a toast to the housewife to thank her cooking skills and hard work. Russians don't pay attention to snacks and drinks, and they drink too much. They often get drunk. Therefore, there are many drunkards in Russia, and the disaster has caused many social problems. Alcoholism increases the crime rate, divorce rate, car accidents, labor productivity and men's life expectancy.
Besides drinking, Russians also have a hobby of drinking tea. Russians prefer black tea, with an average consumption of 500 grams per year. Russia only produces a small amount of tea in Sochi in the south, so it mainly relies on imports. Jasmine tea in China and black tea in India are deeply loved by Russians. Every afternoon from 5: 00 to 6: 00 is the tea time for Russians. For a long time, Russians have formed a unique custom of drinking tea:
(1) They drink sweet tea, that is, put sugar, jam or honey in the tea, and eat some sweets, such as homemade cakes, desserts, biscuits and sweets.
(2) I like to cook tea with tea pots. Teapot is a unique Russian kettle for boiling water. It is traditionally made of copper, but now it is commonly made of stainless steel. Its structure is similar to the copper chafing dish burning charcoal in northern China. The lower part of the pot is equipped with a hollow cylinder, which is used to burn charcoal, shavings and pine cones. Almost every Russian family has a copper or stainless steel tea cooker, and modern families use electric tea cookers. Hospitality housewives often invite relatives and friends to have tea and entertain guests with homemade snacks. When drinking tea, the hostess first pours the tea brewed in the porcelain teapot into the guest's teacup, and then carries the teacup to refill the water before the tea is cooked. Cooking and drinking tea are signs of hospitality.
(3) Like to drink strong tea, and modern people often put some Roma wine in tea.
In addition to drinking and drinking tea, the traditional drink of Russians in summer is Kvas, which is a cool drink made of mint, flour or brown bread, raisins, berries and other fruits fermented with white sugar. In recent decades, mineral water has become the main beverage at conferences and meetings.