1, straw gasification and gasification power generation new technology.
2, the production of fully degradable tableware and fully degradable bags new technology.
3, livestock and poultry bio-straw pellet feed processing technology.
4, the skin of Rang separation of paper, artificial board, feed, xylose production technology. Through these new technologies to achieve the minimum input maximum output, maximize resource efficiency, promote farmers to increase income and prosperity, and promote agriculture as soon as possible to achieve intensification, industrialization, industrialization.
China's current total straw output of nearly 600 million tons. Utilization rate is only about 33%, after simple processing and deep processing treatment utilization of less than 1% of the original total. Especially in the central region of China, Henan, Hebei, Shandong, Shanxi and other wheat and corn rotation areas, when planting wheat, corn stalks burned on the spot, black smoke rolled over the sky, resulting in serious environmental pollution and waste of resources, affecting the normal operation of aviation and highway traffic, resulting in serious social problems. Corn stover resources are huge, production and processing has a very broad space. Corn stover is an important by-product of crops, but also an important raw material for industrial and agricultural production. In the future, as the government attaches great importance to the continuous improvement of agricultural science and technology, the processing and utilization of corn stover is bound to develop rapidly.
1, corn stover simple processing of new technologies
Here we analyze two corn stover simple processing of new technologies: one is the cattle and sheep and other forage livestock feeding corn stover kneading processing of new technologies, the second is the greenhouse seedling soilless cultivation of corn stover substrate processing of new technologies. These two technologies are characterized by: simple operation, easy to make, good practical effect, significant economic benefits are very popular with farmers.
1.1 Cattle and sheep and other herbivorous livestock feeding corn stover kneading processing technology
At present, in China's vast agricultural areas, especially corn production areas, the use of machines for corn stover kneading processing feeding herbivorous livestock. This simple rubbing processing technology is the last few years and the rapid popularization of the new method, this method has very obvious advantages and very suitable for the practicality. It can not only feed the straw with different moisture content directly after processing, but also the straw after kneading is soft and fluffy silk, which can change the palatability and be beneficial to the digestion of livestock, and it is also favorable for other production and processing. According to the actual needs of the user's production, the manufacturer has developed a large number of various kinds of kneading processing equipment. In particular, there is a small-scale kneading, crushing, guillotine-cutting machine is the most representative of the three. This small machine to a single lighting power for power, is a set of kneading, crushing, guillotine as a multi-functional equipment, very convenient to use. Because of its low cost, multi-functional, good applicability, practicality and strong times by the agricultural area of the welcome of farmers, but also become a good helper they can not do without.
1.2 Greenhouse seedling soilless cultivation of corn stover substrate processing technology
In the past, greenhouse seedling soilless cultivation of machine, the main material needs to be purchased, is a costly and troublesome work. In the efforts of agricultural engineers and technicians, the use of corn stover processing greenhouse seedlings soilless culture substrate was successful. This new processing technology, the main material is corn stover taken from the side without spending money. Its processing technology is the use of three machines will be guillotined into small pieces of corn stover, and then the conventional sterilization treatment, and then according to the characteristics of corn stover and the actual production needs, add a quantitative amount of material agent for the full stirring with the fermentation process according to the requirements of the fermentation. This technology is economical, labor-saving and easy to master.
2, straw deep processing of new technologies
The depth of corn stover denaturation processing and repeat multi-level processing to achieve efficient utilization of waste, to obtain high value-added, relatively low inputs to obtain high output and rate of return. We will discuss the following four new deep processing technologies.
2.1 Straw gasification engineering technology and gasification power generation new technology
2.1.1 The significance of corn stover gasification and gasification power generation
The use of corn stover gasification and gasification power generation can solve the problem of the waste of a large amount of agricultural waste and environmental pollution. Straw gasification project will be ordinary waste corn stalks into a clean gas, to solve the daily combustion of farmers and winter heating energy saving, waste, environmental protection to improve the living standards of farmers, and promote the development of rural economy. Straw gasification power generation to corn stover as the raw material for production, smaller investment, easy to realize, especially from the transmission grid far away from the place, into the network investment, power supply difficulties, the use of the local remaining abandoned corn stover as raw material gasification power generation, to solve the problem, will change the backwardness of the remote rural areas in the work of the work plays a decisive role.
2.1.2 Corn Straw Gasification and Gasification Power Generation Process
The gasification power generation process consists of three steps: one is gasification, i.e., turning the biomass feedstock into gaseous fuel; the second one is gas purification, the gas from gasification carries certain particles and tars and other hazardous components, and the purification system is used to remove these impurities (the first two steps of the process, i.e., the process of gas production by the gasification project); and the third one is power generation, which is the use of an internal combustion engine or gas turbine to convert the gas to electricity, which can be used to generate electricity by using an internal combustion engine. Third, power generation, using internal combustion engines or gas turbines to convert the high-grade energy in the combustible gas into electricity, and the rest of the low-grade heat energy is recovered by the waste heat boiler, and then by the steam turbine to generate electricity. Solve the three aspects of the technology, so that the coordinated operation is the key to gasification power generation technology.
2.1.3 Corn stover gasification engineering and gasification power generation engineering equipment system
At present, there are a lot of straw gasification engineering systems, which are already in the stage of development, so we omit the discussion of them and only introduce gasification power generation. Gasification power generation adopts fluidized bed method gasification system. In order to understand the structure and performance characteristics of straw gasification power generation engineering equipment system. The following 1MW circulating fluidized bed straw gasification power generation system is discussed as an example.
System introduction: This system uses corn stalks and other fuels. The main technical indicators are: power generation capacity of 1000KW.
Technical route:
Biomass -- gasification -- gas purification -- gas power generation
The gasifier adopts circulating fluidized bed gasifier. The purification system engineering will be dust and coke removal, including inertial dust collector, cyclone dust collector, venturi and water washing tower, etc. The inertial dust collector doubles as heat recovery. Power generation equipment using diesel engine modified generator using units in parallel, the whole system by the feeding mechanism, gas generation device, gas purification device, gas power generation device, control devices, wastewater treatment equipment and other parts of the composition.
2.2 Corn stover production of degradable tableware and fully degradable bags of new technology
The use of corn stover as raw material for the production of fully degradable foaming tableware technology and production equipment is a green technology and industry, for a large number of abandoned corn stover to find a good way out. Its significance is not only that, with the development of the economy and the rise of tourism, people on the demand for disposable fast food tableware more and more, and our country is currently using almost all of the EPS foam fast food tableware, a large number of such tableware discarded everywhere, the formation of the well-known "white pollution". Its treatment of the most people's headache, buried in the ground for a hundred years does not rot, degradation of the soil; incineration will produce toxic gas pollution of the air. The straw biodegradable foaming tableware raw materials from a wide range of easy to obtain, low cost, waterproof oil resistance performance, high strength, good thermal insulation, can be completely biodegradable, the production process is pollution-free, alternative to the EPS foam technology and JYK brand equipment into the field of green tableware production, production of environmentally friendly, energy-saving, waste-friendly green products.
JYK straw biodegradable tableware complete sets of equipment is based on corn stalks as raw materials, while adding a variety of substances synthesized by the auxiliary materials, by crosslinking foam forming, and then through the drying, disinfection and other processes made of disposable biodegradable foaming tableware. By replacing the mold of the host, it can produce various specifications of disposable bowls, plates, cups, saucers, fast food boxes, cake boxes, instant noodle boxes and other green food and beverage utensils.
Production of supporting equipment:
Host equipment: there are molding machine, divided into double-mode pneumatic molding machine and double-mode mechanical self-control molding machine. Supporting equipment: there are pulverizers divided into sheet and eddy current type, there are mixers divided into horizontal and vertical. There are shower coating machine divided into Ⅲ and Ⅳ type. There are dryers divided into airflow type and drum type.
The new technology of fully degradable bags and the former mechanism is the same, simple mechanical production is easy to omit the discussion.
2.3 Biological straw particles full-value feed production technology
Biological straw particles full-value feed production technology is the dual role of biology and chemistry, the straw into a highly nutritious, high-performance bio-feed. It can replace part of the grain feed to feed livestock, and generally can reduce the feeding cost by 30%. Crop straw has high crude fiber content, which is difficult to be digested and absorbed by animals, with less available nutrients and poor palatability, and is classified as roughage in feed taxonomy. The technical principle of biochemical engineering straw feed is to utilize the latest bioengineering technology achievements to cultivate the engineering bacteria. These engineered bacteria are biological bacteria that can rapidly multiply and efficiently secrete fiber-degrading enzymes under natural conditions. These molds, stretcher bacilli and bacteria, under the neutralizing effect of relevant chemical substances, carry out a series of complex biochemical treatments to change the physicochemical properties of straw. The crude fiber contained in the straw is degraded into monosaccharides, disaccharides, amino acids and other small molecules which are easily consumed and absorbed by animals, thus improving the digestibility and absorption rate of the feeds, and playing the role of in-depth biochemical processing which the feed machinery can't play. At the same time in the straw biological treatment process also produces and accumulates a large number of nutritious microbial protein and other useful metabolites. Such as organic acids, alcohols, aldehydes, esters, vitamins, antibiotics, trace elements, etc., so that the feed becomes soft and fragrant and nutritional increase. It also contains a variety of digestive enzymes and a variety of growth-promoting factors, which can enhance the animal's disease resistance and promote growth and development. Some of the metabolites also have anticorrosive effect on the feed.
The straw bio-raw material produced by this method is mixed with straw full-value bio-raw material according to the formula software, and then processed into pellet feed with the latest pellet production equipment. In the process of granulation, the automatic heating paste, ripening can better maintain the raw materials in a variety of nutrients without loss, and effectively kill Salmonella and other harmful bacteria, straw add a large proportion. This equipment can complete the granulation molding once, and produce a variety of high-quality full-value straw pellet feed. At present, there are many manufacturers of feed pellet molding machine, according to the different granulation mechanism, there are flat model, ring model and molding type, etc., and for the different production efficiency to form their own series. Users can choose different pellet feed processing equipment according to their own breeding quantity, production scale and processing type. Feed pelletization is the direction of the world feed industry, straw bio-pellet feed characteristics are as follows:
(1), good quality and nutrient-rich, good palatability, animal feed intake.
(2), the granulation heating paste maturation, conducive to animal digestion, but also sterilization function.
(3), the feed density increases, the volume is significantly reduced, easy to store and transport.
(4), to prevent picking, reduce waste, to avoid the loss of dust to put an end to the feed plate.
The process of full-price feed production of bio-straw pellets is: raw material crushing, bio-fermentation, full-price feed preparation according to the formula, pelleting and molding (ripening, pasting, drying, molding), weighing and packaging, and the product is shipped out of the factory.
The equipment configuration corresponding to the above process is: straw crusher, fermentation tank, mixer, feed pelletizer, weighing and bag sealing machine.
We believe that with the continuous emergence of new technologies, new equipment, new processes, new products, crop straw will be less and less waste, the popularity of straw feed will be more and more effective.
2.4 Corn Stover Skin Rang Separation as Raw Material for Further Processing Technology
The corn stover will be processed to achieve the skin Rang separation, and then after the separation of the skin, Rang as raw materials were industrialized deep processing into a variety of products. Corn stover skin mainly contains wood fiber, and its fiber strength, good toughness, its performance index is higher than rice, wheat straw. Rang corn stover contains sugar, crude protein, starch and other nutrients, its performance indicators and quality is higher than rice straw and wheat straw. Therefore, the separation of corn stover stalks after processing different products can broaden the application field, improve the application performance, and increase the utilization value. Existing corn stover skin stalk separator, can be separated from the corn stover skin stalks at one time. The principle is that the machine wheel group clamped the straw forward straight line feed, the use of hanging on the axis of the straw above the deed-shaped spreading knife will be the upper belly of the straw split, and then by the rotary drilling tool will be the straw from the belly of the rotary drilling separation off.
Process:
Selection - feeding - dissecting - drilling - baling (bagging) -Baling (bagging)
2.4.1, the application of corn stover bark in the paper industry
Due to the tightness of the raw materials for paper making and the development of new raw materials development and processing technology, straw has been gradually developed and utilized. Corn stover in fiber strength, toughness, inexpensive and other aspects to be better than other straw, and thus favored by the paper industry, but there are some problems: First, made of slurry viscosity is larger, technically increased difficulty; Second, the lower rate of pulp, generally only 25% of the rate of pulp. Thirdly, the amount of auxiliary materials invested in the production increased, the cost increases, and the benefit decreases. With corn stover bark as raw material can greatly improve its application performance, because the fiber content mainly exists in the outer skin of corn stover, so the stover bark is high strength, good toughness, similar to the reed, is the production of paper is better raw materials, the process and the original auxiliary materials should be formulated with the same reed. The current application of corn stover bark produced 35g, 50g glossy paper quality indicators are basically the same as the reed pulp paper, pulp rate of 41%.
2.4.2 The application of corn stover bark in the artificial board industry
With the current market corn stover crushed made of man-made boards, due to which the presence of corn stover Rang, so that the finished board absorbent, easy to deform in the event of moisture, product quality is difficult to improve. Now because of the removal of the less fiber-containing stalks and leaves, so that the quality of raw materials has made a fundamental change. The quality of finished boards has been greatly improved. Compared with particle board, corn stover man-made board has the advantages of good surface finish, beautiful appearance, high static bending strength and plane tensile strength, which can be widely used in many fields. It can be used in many fields, such as floor, ceiling, partition and furniture.
2.4.3 Application of corn stover in feed production
The high content of protein, starch and sugar in corn stover is rice straw, wheat straw and so on can not be compared with it, so in the feed production of corn stover, the skin of the stalks separated from a major measure to improve its quality. With the whole plant or guillotine corn stover fed to cattle, cattle only eat some leaves, the coarse part of the culm are left, low cattle weight gain, feeding cycle is long, belongs to the maintenance of low efficiency state. Adopting corn stover feed to cattle has high nutritional value. Good palatability, fast cattle weight gain, low feed costs, less waste, significant increase in economic benefits.
2.4.4 Using corn stover to produce xylose
Xylose exists in the hemifibers and glycosides, xylose can be used as a sweetener for diabetics, and its sweetness is about 70% of sucrose. Industrially, xylose and derivatives in the chemical industry, medicine, tanning and other industrial sectors are widely used.
China is a large country of corn production, you can use corn stover to produce xylose, which can remove most of the lignin and cellulose effectively improve the yield of finished products. Straw in the sulfuric acid catalytic effect, the hydrolysis of the polysaccharides to generate xylose: (C5H8O4)n + nH2O nC5H10O5. xylose after a series of reasonable and effective production process, the preparation of xylose crystals with a purity of more than 98%. The process flow is as follows:
Pre-treatment of raw materials - Hydrolysis reaction - Decolorization, deacidification, decontamination - Evaporation and crystallization Centrifugal drying
Xylose is a widely used product that can be exported for foreign exchange, and the use of corn stover to produce xylose can greatly improve the level of deep processing of agricultural by-products, and realize the significant re-value of agricultural waste.
There are many categories of industrialized processing of waste corn stover as raw material for production, and the application of the surface is also very wide, and the benefits produced are also very large, and the technologies introduced above are proposed and discussed from the perspective of industrialized production. But for each farmer, can be for their own actual situation, effective utilization of corn stover. When most farmers have mastered such processing technology, most of the corn stalks are processed and deep processing, our farmers will generally rich brothers, the face of the countryside will produce a fundamental change, agriculture will be a big step forward to modernization.