Thick-skinned vegetables (scientific name: beet? Viola yedoensis? L.) is a beet plant of Chenopodiaceae. Biennial herbs, the plant height varies with varieties, the dwarf species is 30-50 cm, and the tall species is 60-110 cm; The roots are thick and short and shallow. The leaves are broadly ovate, light green or dark green, smooth, plump and fleshy, and the petiole is long and wide.

The fruit is brown, the skin is rough and hard, and there are one or several seeds inside. Mature fruits can germinate for 5-6 years. Originated in Europe, it has been introduced and cultivated in the Yangtze River valley in China and its south area. Thick-skinned vegetables are warm-loving plants, and the suitable growth temperature is 15-25℃.

Origin and habitat:

Thick-skinned vegetables are warm-loving plants with strong cold tolerance and can tolerate short-term low temperature of about-10℃. If the temperature is too low, the growth will slow down or stop. Not resistant to high temperature, when the temperature exceeds 30℃, the growth will slow down or stop. It needs moderate intensity of light. If the light is too strong, the growth will be poor, but if the light is weak, the lower leaves will often wither ahead of time.

Thick-skinned vegetables are plants that need more water. Under the condition of high soil humidity and air humidity, they grow rapidly and have tender quality. Insufficient water, slow growth, rough petiole, low yield and quality. I like rich, moist and well-drained clay loam and sandy soil. The demand for nitrogen fertilizer is large, the growth of nitrogen fertilizer is fast, the tissue is tender and the quality is excellent.