Pheasants are adaptable and widely distributed, and almost all regions of the world have pheasants. Pheasants have the habit of vertical migration in a small range with seasonal changes. In summer, they live in bushes at the edge of coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forests with high altitude, and in autumn, they move to sheltered and sunny places with low altitude. Pheasants eat a variety of foods, mainly plants. They like to eat shoots, seeds and fruits of plants, beans and cereals, and occasionally prey on insects. Pheasants eat little and like to eat less and eat more.

Pheasant's wings have poor flying ability and are not good at flying, so it can't take off after several ups and downs. Pheasant is good at running and jumping. Pheasant10 ~11month reached maturity and began to breed. The peak of pheasant breeding is from May to June, and it lays two nests a year, each nest is10 ~15, and the eggs weigh 25 ~ 28g, mostly in light yellow oval shape.

Second, the farm construction

The pheasant farm should be selected in a place that is conducive to dry drainage, leeward and sunny, free from pollution sources, convenient in transportation, not close to villages, factories and mines, relatively quiet and has sanitary water and power supply. Each henhouse should be 32 square meters. Scale farming, each henhouse is 36 meters long, 8 meters wide and 2 meters high. There is a playground in front of the henhouse, and each henhouse is separated by nylon net or barbed wire, and there is a cover net on it to prevent flying away. From July to August, when the weather is hot, you should put up a shed for shade.

1. brooding room

It is divided into two types: plane type and mesh box type, which require good thermal insulation performance and are conducive to ventilation and exhaust gas.

Each flat brooding room is 20 meters long, 5 meters wide and 2.5 ~ 2.8 meters high, and is divided into 4 rooms with fiberboard or brick. A corridor is left on one side of each room, and the top is provided with thermal insulation board. The foot of the wall is about 30 cm from the ground, and the top of the wall is provided with a window for ventilation. Each room is equipped with a thermal umbrella, or 8 infrared bulbs are used as the heat source. The floor is padded with chaff. Each room can have 400 ~ 500 chicks, and each building can have1600 ~ 2000 chicks.

Net-box brooding room is equipped with rows of cages indoors, which is convenient for management, improves brooding density and reduces fecal contact and gastrointestinal diseases. The net cage is 100 cm long, 50 cm wide and 45 cm high. The bottom mesh is required to be 3× 1 cm or1cm, and the side mesh is 3× 1 cm or 2× 1 cm. Each cage can raise 40 chicks.

2. Young net house

Each building is 25m long, 5m wide and1.8m high. There is a connected sports ground on the south side of the poultry house, which is 2.5m long, 3m wide and1.8m high. Each building is divided into five rooms with nylon mesh, and Skynet is installed on it. The mesh is 1.5× 1.5 cm. Brick floor is used in the house, and sand is padded on it. Each room can feed150 ~ 200.

3. Adult chicken net room

Each building is 40 meters long, 5 meters wide and 2.4 meters high. The peripheral sports field is 40m long, 7.5m wide and1.8 ~ 2m high. Each building is divided into 10 rooms with a mesh of 3×3 cm. The ground in the house is built with bricks, and the playground is padded with sand. 50 ~ 70 animals are raised in each room.

4. Feeding utensils

(1) The incubator can be powered by chickens.

(2) brooding equipment, brooding rack, brooding cage, electric heater, brooding umbrella, etc.

(3) The feeding trough and water trough of feeding utensils are welded with galvanized iron sheets. There are two types of drinking fountains: tower type and square plate type.

Third, feeding management

According to the growth characteristics of pheasant, its feeding management can be roughly divided into three stages, namely, brooding period, youth period and adult period.

Incubation period: from hatching to temperature removal, it is generally about 42 days. This stage is the early stage of pheasant heat preservation and rearing, which is a period of time when pheasant is difficult to raise. In order to improve the survival rate, please pay attention to the following:

1. Regulating temperature

Proper ventilation and heat preservation are the key to brooding. The floor of the brooding room or the brooding box can be padded with chaff, and an insulating umbrella or infrared lamp is selected as the heat source. The temperature should be controlled at: 35℃ for the first three days, and then drop once every two days. After 10, it should be controlled flexibly according to the situation. The relative temperature is generally 65%. Indoor air should be kept fresh, but wind doors should be set to prevent thieves from entering.

Step 2 start eating in time

When the chicks are hatched and their feathers are dry, they should be quickly moved to the brooding room or brooding box. After 24 hours, water should be supplied in time to start eating. At first, feed with 0.0 1% potassium permanganate water, and the water temperature is close to room temperature. Mix 5% glucose and 0. 1% vitamin c with a small amount of feed within one week. Feed chicks with 1 ~ 2 weeks old, feed/kloc-0 once every 2 ~ 3 hours, and feed 8 times a day; 3 ~ 5 weeks old, feed 5 times a day, and then 3 times a day.

3. timely grouping

Chickens should not be too large, and they should be grouped with the increase of day age. Generally, 1 m2,1~/0 is 60 ~ 70,1~ 20 is 40 ~ 50, and 21~. At the same time, pay attention to the separation of strength and weakness to keep the growth of chickens consistent.

Step 4 vaccinate

Before eating, Marek's disease vaccine was injected, and H 120 was used for drinking water at the age of 7 days, and Newcastle disease IV vaccine and bursal vaccine were used at the age of 14 days, and again at the age of 30 days.

Youth: Young pheasants aged from 42 days to 120 days. The growth rate is the fastest in this period, and the daily gain can reach10 ~15g. If it is used as a meat commodity, it can be listed after the feeding period expires at this stage.

Pheasants are omnivorous birds, mainly plant seeds (such as barley, corn, weed seeds, etc.), tender grass and vegetables. In order to achieve the best growth and reproduction requirements of pheasants, it is best to provide balanced nutrition formula feed according to the nutritional needs of pheasants at different stages and growth stages.

The crop of pheasant is small, and it can hold a small amount of food. Therefore, it is necessary to feed a small amount of food many times, and each pheasant needs 70 ~100g of standard ingredients every day, and it is accompanied by a proper amount of tender grass or vegetables.

Adult period:/kloc-pheasants over 0/0 month old are adult chickens. Breeding chickens can be divided into mating preparation period in management,1~ March; Laying period, April to July; Overwintering period of molting, August ~1February. During the laying period, feeding domestic eggs with complete chicken feed requires the highest nutritional level; The nutrition level is the same in mating period and overwintering period. 20% ~ 25% animal feed is added to the diet in laying period to meet the needs of mass consumption during reproduction and laying. The daily feeding frequency of adult pheasants varies with seasons, three times a day in spring, summer and autumn, and twice a day in winter. Clean the sink 1 time every day, and provide drinking water 1 time. Adult chickens are raised in a large net room, with 2 chickens per square meter1~. It is better to have 100 chickens. When laying eggs, the net room floor should be padded with fine sand with a thickness of 0.5 cm, and the pheasant's beak should be broken once to prevent the egg from being caught. At the same time, during the laying period, it is necessary to keep the pen quiet to prevent the panic group from affecting the laying of eggs, and pick out the laid eggs in time to prevent them from being broken. When molting and wintering, we should keep the seeds in groups according to the number of eggs laid, break the beak again, keep the proper temperature and overwinter safely.

Egg laying time is usually completed from 10 am to 3 pm. The ratio of male to female is 4∶ 1 or 5∶ 1, and mating in the middle of April can achieve timely mating, high egg laying rate and high mating rate. In the rooster fight, choose the strong one as the kind of male, and the big and strong one as the "prince", and try to increase the number of mating.

Fourth, hatching eggs

The number raised is small, which can be hatched by domestic chickens. In large quantities, artificial incubation is used, and various heat sources are used to incubate (kang incubation, water incubation, lamp incubation, electric incubation). Hatching depends on the quality of eggs; The second is to look at temperature and humidity; The third is to look at the operation method.

The eggs can't be stored for more than 5 days, and the blastoderm will age after a long time. The suitable storage temperature is 18℃ and the relative humidity is 70% ~ 80%. The eggs should be placed on the egg storage tray with the big head facing up. The storage time is more than 5 ~ 7 days, and the eggs are turned1~ 2 times a day. The eggs should be disinfected by formalin fumigation, bromogeramine spray and potassium permanganate immersion.

The temperature during hatching should not exceed that of domestic chickens. Generally, within1~ 20 days, the temperature is 37 ~ 37.5℃ and the relative humidity is 65% ~ 70%. During the hatching period of 21~ 24 days, the temperature dropped to 37℃ and the relative humidity increased to 70% ~ 75%.

After hatching at 1 ~ 20 days, the eggs are turned every 2 hours1time, and the eggs are turned 8 ~12 times a day at an angle of 90 degrees, so that the embryos are evenly heated. During the incubation period of 7 ~ 20 days, excess heat energy should be released in time, and eggs should be dried for 10 minutes every day. The first egg test was carried out in 7 ~ 8 days, and the fertilization of eggs was observed, and azoospermic eggs and dead sperm eggs were detected. The second inspection was carried out on19 ~ 20 days, and the stillborn eggs, that is, hairy eggs, were removed.

During the incubation period, we should pay attention to the change of temperature, record 1 time every 2 hours, keep a good humidity ratio, and do a good job of ventilation in the incubation room. After hatching for 23 days, a large number of hatchlings are hatched and shelled, and the hatchlings are put into the hatchling for about 2 hours. After the feathers are dried, they are put into the hatchling box, and the hatchlings are taken and checked every 2 hours 1 time.

5. How to make colorful pheasants reproduce out of season?

The breeding law of colorful pheasants in the United States generally begins to lay eggs from April to May every year and basically stops production in September. Because it takes 4 ~ 5 months for pheasants to grow to market, their market time is concentrated from September to the following year 1 month. According to China's climate characteristics and traditional habits, September ~1February is the off-season of market demand, but it is the best-selling season of pheasants from around February to May, and its sales price is more than 2 times higher than the off-season. Therefore, the farmers of pheasants listed in the off-season generally make a flat profit. However, the households listed in the peak season are profitable, but ordinary households can't do it. Based on the practice of raising pheasants for more than ten years, the production and marketing department of rare birds and game of a company in Shanghai has cultivated a large number of pheasant species that are out of season through continuous screening for many years, so that pheasants can lay eggs and breed all year round, and pheasants are listed all year round, which greatly increases the economic benefits. The main technical measures are as follows:

1. Obtain the pheasant population that lays eggs out of season.

The source of these chicken breeds is purified from a batch of pheasant seedlings that come out at the latest in autumn every year in summer. Generally, pheasant seedlings that shell in late1February are raised for seven months, that is, they stop production in July and from the beginning of production to1February. The seedlings left in February generally start to produce in 10 and stop production in March, and each hen lays about100 ~120. The hatched seedlings of these eggs are put on the market in1~ June, which is the best selling season for commercial pheasants.

2. Raise anti-season pheasant breeder.

(1) It is best for roosters to seed 1 month in advance, so that they can mature synchronously at the time when hens give birth, which is convenient for mating; At the same time, roosters should avoid meeting relatives, which is beneficial to improve the hatching rate, reduce weak chicks and improve varieties.

(2) In the breeding stage, laying hens can be selected, and additives such as fish meal, vitamin A and vitamin D can be added.

(3) It can be raised indoors in severe cold winter, with light 16 hours per day.

VI. Matters needing attention

1, reasonable feeding. Farmers who feed pheasants with raw grain can appropriately increase the feeding proportion of energy feeds such as corn and sorghum (recommended formula: corn 40%, wheat 15%, fried peas 20%, rapeseed cake 15%, skin 5%, rice bran 4%, bone meal 1%, and each other. Feed with commercially available broiler growth materials fed by domestic chicken feed, and ensure adequate drinking water. In addition,10% ~ 20% green feed can be added. Let pheasants bathe in sand at least once a week and spray 2% trichlorfon solution into river sand to kill ectoparasites.

2. Control the density. At the initial stage of fattening (5 ~11week-old), you can raise10/2 pheasants per square meter, and then you can raise them in groups according to male and female, strength and size, so that the density will gradually decrease to 6 ~ 8 pheasants per square meter. At the same time, enough waste grains should be set to feed evenly and grow consistently.

3. Set up a habitat and prevent pecking. Habitat racks should be placed inside and outside the fattening pheasant house for pheasants to climb and stop, which not only makes full use of the breeding space, but also helps to reduce pheasant pecking habits. Pheasants found pecked should be coated with purple syrup or camphor ointment and kept in isolation. If necessary, control the pheasant. The methods are as follows: ① Hang grass or vegetables in the house to lure pheasant dishes to distract their energy of pecking feathers, and at the same time supplement vitamins and cellulose. ② When 9 ~11week old, 1% feather powder can be added to the feed. ③ The salt in feed should be increased to 2.5%, or salt should be added to drinking water to ensure adequate water supply.

4, anti-flying. Keep the venue as quiet as possible and refuse to visit, so as to reduce the influence of external factors. In order to prevent accidental flying from being injured or killed, the primary flying feather on one side of the pheasant can be cut off.

5. Do a good job in epidemic prevention. The pheasant house should be cleaned every day and disinfected once a week with disinfectant such as Baidusha. Pheasants aged 8 ~ 9 weeks should be inoculated with Newcastle disease vaccine II in drinking water to prevent the occurrence of poultry cholera or coccidiosis.