Notes
[Swimming] In June 1956, the author swam across the Yangtze River from Wuchang to Hankou.
[Changsha Water] Author's Note: "Folk: Changde's mountains are virtuous, and Changsha's sandy water has no sand. The so-called sand-free water refers to the famous "White Sha Well" in the east of Changsha City. '."
[Wuchang Fish] According to the "Three Kingdoms·Wu Shu·Lu Kai Biography": Wu Lord Sun Hao wanted to move the capital from Jianye (the old city is in the south of today's Nanjing City) to Wuchang, but the people were unwilling. There is a nursery rhyme that says: "I would rather drink Jianye water than eat Wuchang fish." It is used here. Wuchang fish refers to the bream (biān) fish from Fankou in ancient Wuchang (now Echeng), which is called Tuantou bream or Tuantou bream.
[Jimu Chutianshu]Jimu, look far and wide. The Wuchang area belonged to the Chu State during the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, so the author called the sky in this area "Chutian". Shu, stretch, open. Liu Yong's poem "Yulin Ling": "The evening mist is sinking and the sky is wide." The author said in a letter to Huang Yanpei on February 11, 1957: "It takes two hours to travel more than thirty miles to the other side of the Yangtze River, which shows how fast the water flow is. They are all swimming backwards and sideways, so they use the word 'Ji Mu Chu'" "Tian Shu' is appropriate."
〔Leave〕 refers to a relaxed attitude and a cheerful mood.
[The Master was on the river and said: 'The deceased is like a man!'] "The Analects of Confucius·Zihan": "The Master was on the river and said: 'The man has passed away like a man! He did not give up day and night.'" (Confucius on the River Side, said: "The current is rushing away in such a hurry! It does not stop day and night.")
[Wind Qiang (qiáng wall)] Qiang, mast. Feng Qiang refers to a sailing ship.
[Turtle and Snake] See the notes in "Bodhisattva Man·Yellow Crane Tower" [Turtle and Snake Lock the River].
〔One Bridge Flying to the North and South〕 refers to the Wuhan Yangtze River Bridge that was under construction at that time. In the 1958 edition of "Nineteen Poems of Chairman Mao" and the 1963 edition of "Chairman Mao's Poems", the author once changed this sentence to "A flying bridge makes the north and south chasm become a thoroughfare." Later, with the author's consent, the original sentence was restored. sentence.
〔天丕(qiànqi)〕Cut, ditch. The ancients regarded the Yangtze River as a "natural chasm". According to the "Southern History·Kong Fan Biography", when the Sui Dynasty attacked Chen, Kong Fan said to the empress Chen: "The natural chasm of the Yangtze River has been limited in ancient times. How can the captive army fly across it?"
〔Gengli Xijiang River In the future, there are plans to build a giant dam ("Xijiang Shibi") along the Three Gorges of the Yangtze River in western Hubei and eastern Sichuan to store water and generate electricity. The narrow and turbulent river surface between the high gorges upstream of the dam will turn into a large, calm lake. By then, all the rainwater from Wushan will flow into this "flat lake". Of course the goddess on Wushan Mountain will still be alive and well. Seeing this unexpected sight, she should marvel at how the world has changed. Wushan is located in the southeast of Wushan County, Sichuan Province. The gorge Wu Gorge formed by Wushan, the Qutang Gorge in the upper reaches, and the Xiling Gorge in the lower reaches are collectively known as the Three Gorges. Wushan Yunyu, Chu and Song Yu's "Preface to Gaotang Fu" says that King Chu Huai once dreamed of meeting the goddess of Wushan when he was traveling to Yunmengze in Gaotang. The goddess called herself "the clouds in the morning and the rain in the evening". Here Just borrowing words and characters from this story.
Appreciation Mao Zedong loved swimming throughout his life, which is well known to the world. In "Qinyuan Chun. Changsha" written in 1925, the line "Strike the water in the middle of the stream, and the waves stop the flying boat" is an artistic portrayal of the poet's courageous forge ahead and cutting through waves in his youth. Mao Zedong also had special feelings for the Yangtze River, and his busy work could not eliminate the charm of the Yangtze River for him. He compared the vast Yangtze River to the best natural swimming pool and swam in the Yangtze River many times. This poem was inspired by Mao Zedong's poem when he took a swim in the Yangtze River in Wuhan in 1956.
The sentence "I just drank water from Changsha and ate fish from Wuchang" is a retelling of an old folk song, forming a flowing couplet and narrating it eloquently. First write down the whereabouts and mood of the inspection. Here, the two adverbs "cai" and "you" are coherent, not only the continuity of time and the transformation of space, but also conveying an exciting and light mood of traveling around the world; the two words "drink" and "eat" The details of life complement each other and appear full of interest; the two distinctive scenery of Xianghu Lake, "water" and "fish", are as friendly and affectionate as they are written. The folk song of the Three Kingdoms period "I would rather drink Jianye water than eat Wuchang fish" reflects a feudal rural concept and conservative consciousness of settling down and relocating. Mao Zedong slightly changed it, contrary to the original intention, making it read naturally and interestingly. The ten words not only vividly explain the poet's whereabouts from Changsha to Wuhan during his southern tour, but also reveal his full pride amidst all the daily affairs and express his infinitely deep feelings for the socialist motherland.
Then, with vigorous strokes, he switches to writing about swimming.
"Thousands of miles across the Yangtze River, the view is as beautiful as the sky." This is not only a description of the specific swimming environment, unprecedented feats and heroic will, but also a presentation of the soul. Two sentences, thousands of miles of rivers and sky, contrasting up and down, crossing the eyes, the scenes blend together. The more he writes about the size of the Yangtze River, the more he shows the poet's magnanimity of despising the natural moat.
A third sentence expresses the strong feelings while swimming: "No matter the wind or waves, it is better than strolling in the garden. Today I have a lot of freedom." Here, add a scene of the river, leading to a novel metaphor, in the movement and stillness In the strong contrast between the two environments, the three-layered progressive discussion is used to express the ambition and pride of moving forward in the middle of the waves. The first two sentences describe the calmness and calmness while swimming, while the latter sentence describes the joy after gaining "freedom". This is the joy of being freed from bondage, the satisfaction of long-term desire, the relaxation of self-satisfaction, and the joy of riding the wind and waves. Chen Yi's "Winter Night Miscellaneous Ode to the Yangtze River" said: "There are heroes in ancient and modern times who swam across the Yangtze River, thinking that they had a lot of room and the universe was vast." It is for this poem that he made a footnote. "Today's gain outweighs the gain" is the emotional tone of the first film and a summary of this episode. It is on this basis that the concluding sentence of the first film is derived: "The son said on the river: the dead are like a husband!" Mao Zedong had a profound foundation in classical literature, so he was able to master and use many classical poems very skillfully. writing techniques. He can not only combine ancient poems or other verses into verses, but also prose sentences into lyrics. The last two sentences are when Mao Zedong saw the passing water of the Yangtze River while swimming, and associated it with the words of Confucius. They literally intercepted the sentences from "The Analects of Confucius. Zihan" and gave them a new meaning. They directly connected the middle current with fighting against the wind and waves. linked to the universal laws of social development. There are both laments about the passage of time and nostalgia for the turbulent years; there are both tracing back to history and exploring the laws of nature; there are both perceptions of life and thoughts on worldly affairs and life; Emotional longing is also a clarion call to seize the day and inspire people to forge ahead. In short, the wonderful use of these two sentences by Confucius is so appropriate and natural, without any trace of axe, which not only deepens the artistic conception of the poem, but also makes the meaning more meaningful, which is also very rare in ancient poetry.
The next part of the poem returns to the real scene before us, naturally unfolding the "grand plan" of Yangtze River construction. "The wind is moving, the turtles and snakes are still, and the grand plan is coming." Change the first three sentences, starting with the word "wind", and then follow the meaning of the previous piece, paying attention to the scenery on both sides of the strait: Up above, the wind blows thousands of sails flying together, on both sides of the strait are turtles and snakes The two mountains face each other in silence, which further describes the Chinese people's grand plan to comprehensively transform the Yangtze River on the stormy river. One "moving" and one "quiet" complement each other interestingly. As soon as "rise" stands tall and tall, launching new ideas, it fully reflects the heroic spirit of the Chinese people today in building the motherland and changing the country. The following scene evokes the prospect of the future scene: "A bridge flies to the north and south, and the natural chasm becomes a thoroughfare. The stone walls of the Xijiang River are erected, the clouds and rain of Wushan Mountain are cut off, and the high gorge leads to the flat lake." The first two sentences focus on the most prominent bridge in front of us. Construction unfolds and parts of the grand plan are being put into practice. "Flying" and "changing" are both realistic and expected. In just two strokes, he not only describes the rapid construction of the bridge and the majestic image of the bridge that will be seen in the sky, but also writes about the historical significance of a bridge connecting the north and south of the Yangtze River. In the three lines of "Gengli", the thoughts are far away, and the mind wanders to the Three Gorges. A magnificent and magical ideal picture is displayed in the words.