The pancreas is a long flat gland (also called pancreas), reddish, about 12 cm long, about 2.5 cm thick and weighing about 80 grams. It is located in the posterior peritoneal cavity of the left upper abdomen, behind the stomach and across the posterior abdominal wall, which is equivalent to the level between the first and second lumbar vertebrae.
The pancreas is divided into three parts, including head, body and tail. The enlarged head is located on the right side, surrounded by duodenum. The body accounts for most of the pancreas, and the tail end faces the upper left and touches the spleen. Inside the pancreas is a transverse glandular duct, which opens at the duodenal papilla.
Extended data:
The pancreas has two parts. One is the pancreas, which is the exocrine gland and produces pancreatic juice. The second is the islet, which is like an island in the sea. It is an organ composed of piles of cells in the pancreas. The islet is an endocrine gland that produces insulin. Therefore, the pancreas is the only gland in the human body that is both an exocrine gland and an endocrine gland, and it is a special organ.
Exocrine or pancreatic juice of pancreas is imported into duodenum through pancreatic duct, which contains various digestive enzymes. There are also scattered island-like cell clusters in the pancreas, called islets or Langerhans islands. β -cells of islet secrete insulin, promote hypoglycemia and promote the synthesis of hepatic glycogen.
Pancreatic islet α -cells secrete glucagon, which can promote the decomposition of hepatic glycogen and increase blood sugar. Insulin and glucagon feed back each other to control blood sugar in a small range. If insulin is absolutely or relatively insufficient for any reason, it will lead to diabetes.
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