Litchi information

Litchi

Explanation, Fruit

Litchi before and after peeling, and what the fruit looks like in the centerLitchi (scientific name Litchi chinensis) is a tropical fruit produced in southern China. The fruit is hung on the tree in bunches like grapes, usually in the shape of a one-inch or so round ball, with a thin red hard shell on the outside, a white, transparent flesh inside, and a dark brown core in the center. Litchi is an important fruit crop in South China, producing more than a million tons a year.

History

Litchi was first known as "Li Zhi" in ancient Chinese texts. It is believed to have originated from the wild forests of southern China. In the third century A.D., Zhang Bo wrote in his book Wu Lu (吴錄), "Cangwu is full of lychees, which are found in the mountains and are also planted in homes. Cangwu is located in today's Guangxi. Nowadays, wild litchi trees can still be found in the virgin forests of Guangdong, Guangxi and Hainan. In the second century B.C., when Liu Bang became the emperor of the Han Dynasty, Zhao Tuo, the captain of the South Sea, offered lychee as a gift, as recorded in the first century A.D. in the book "Miscellaneous Records of Xijing". In the first century A.D. "Minzu Zhi" and the third century "Guangzhi", lychee was registered as a product of Lingnan. From this, we can see that litchi has been cultivated and produced in southern China for 2,000 years.

In today's China, lychee is cultivated in Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Fujian, Sichuan, Yunnan and Taiwan, from about latitude 18 degrees north to latitude 28 degrees north. Litchi is also grown in many countries outside of China. Nearby, most countries in Southeast Asia, such as Vietnam and Thailand, produce litchi, while farther away on the other side of the globe, the states of Florida and California in the United States and Queensland in Australia have also introduced litchi crop.

Preservation

Lychee that has not been preserved has the characteristics of "one day the color changes, two days the aroma changes, three days the taste changes, and four days the color and aroma are gone". It is relatively difficult to preserve lychee. Rumor has it that during the Tang Dynasty, Emperor Tang Minghuang sent lychees from Lingnan (also said to be Sichuan) to Chang'an in order to preserve the color and flavor of lychees, and then chopped down the entire lychee tree and sent it by fast-riding stagecoach in order to wrestle Yang Guifei for a smile. In modern times, the common preservation method is to select easy-to-preserve varieties and preserve them at low temperature and high humidity (2 to 4 degrees Celsius, 90% to 95% humidity). There is also the use of gas conditioning to reduce the proportion of oxygen to slow down oxidation; or with drugs to sterilize and preservative.

Fresh lychees are available from May every year, with July to August being the most popular time of year. Fresh lychees can often be found in cities near the production area. Farther away, you can only buy frozen ones. Canned lychees are also very popular and are usually shelled and pitted and soaked in lightly sweetened water. The flavor is far from fresh and is often used as a cold drink or dessert.

Types

There are several varieties of lychee, among which Gui Wei and Nuoc Mai Chi are the best varieties and the best for fresh eating, while Hang Luk is a rare and hard-to-find variety. "Luo Gang Gui Wei", "Pen Cun sticky rice cake" and "Zengcheng Gui Green" are known as the "three masters of litchi".

Hanging green: because the shell of four greenish six red, each with a circle of green lines and name. According to "Guangdong new language" said, hanging green "crisp as a pear, pulp is not visible, go to the shell of the pregnant, three days unchanged." Among the Zengcheng hanging green has always been the emperor's tribute. It is rumored that during the Qianlong years, Zengcheng people can not stand the annual tributes to the disturbance, the hundreds of hanging green cut down, only one mother tree still exists in Zengcheng Lychee Town, hanging green garden, said the "west circle hanging green". Western round hanging green every year still have results, in 2001 there is a western round hanging green lychee, in the auction set the world record for "the most expensive fruit".

Osmanthus flavor: characterized by the flavor of osmanthus, the meat is crisp and sweet. Fruit skin light red, the skin of the lobe peak tip piercing hand, thin and brittle skin; core has a normal development of large nuclei, there is degradation of the scorched nuclei. Cinnamon flavor in one called "duck head green", with dark green patches, is the best varieties.

Glutinous rice cake: characterized by thick flesh, juicy, sweet as honey. Fruit skin bright red, thin skin, skin lobes without peak tip. The nucleus is small, and there are even degenerated into no nucleus.

Other common major lychee varieties are:

March Red: is the earliest ripe varieties, every year around May will be on the market.

Feizixiao: an earlier ripening variety with light red skin. Legend has it that the lychee sent by Emperor Tang Minghuang thousands of miles away from his home to get a smile from Yang Guifei was the Concubine Smile.

Wai Zhi: rumor has it that in ancient times there was a Shangshu passing through Lingnan, the townspeople sent lychee into the arms, hence the name.

Black Leaf

White Sugar Poppy

White Wax

Jade Lotus Buns: The fruit is large, with thick meat and small nucleus.

Nutrition

Lychee flesh contains up to 20 percent sugar; up to 70 milligrams of vitamin C per one hundred milliliters of juice, in addition to proteins, fats, phosphorus, calcium and iron.

But lychee is so fiery that some people who eat too much of it will have rotten mouths or nosebleeds. The Cantonese have a saying, "One lychee, three fires". People who have a lot of fire themselves will have a reaction if they eat a dozen or so. A popular folk solution is to drink a moderate amount of lightly salted or honeyed water.

The saying, "One bite of lychee, three fires," is not an exaggeration, but it's really evidence-based for those who have a deficiency of yin and liver heat. I have a patient who was on fire because he was eating lychee with a group.

It is important to know that lychee is a blood tonic, Yang fire things, the face of this white jade gelatinous fruit, heat people can only tolerate the mouth. Gout, diabetic patients are especially inappropriate to eat more.

If you eat too much lychee, you can take the following tea, you can receive the "fire" effect; with 3 yuan of ginseng (9 grams), maitake 3 money (9 grams), 3 corduroy flowers, 3 bowls of water into a bowl. Or eat cold watermelon, drink a bowl of lotus leaf winter melon water, can also be a little bit of fire to reduce the overabundance.

Legend has it that lychee shell boiled water can cure the physical discomfort caused by eating lychee, Yang Guifei is to use this one-step recipe to eliminate nausea, limb weakness, dizziness and so on, eat lychee aftereffects. We may also want to try. Solid heat or Yin deficiency liver fire people, remember to eat less lychee is good, eat more is not good. The body is calm or cold, can enjoy the Lingnan fruit without worry.

Literary lychee

Lychee is common in literature.

Du Mu, a poet of the Late Tang Dynasty, wrote in his poem "Three Poems on Passing the Huaqing Palace", "Chang'an looks back at the piles of embroidery, and a thousand gates are opening on the top of the mountain. A ride on the red dust consort laughs, no one knows is lychee come". It is said that Tang Minghuang, in order to wrestle Yang Guifei's red smile, spared no effort to send lychee for thousands of miles.

Tang Bai Juyi "Lychee picture preface": "Lychee is born between the Ba Gorge, the tree shape of the group such as curtains. Leaves such as laurel, winter green; Hua such as orange, spring glory; solid such as Dan, summer ripe. Duo such as grapes, core such as loquat, shell such as red silk, film such as purple raw silk, flesh white as ice and snow, syrup sweet and sour as sweet cheese. It's like that, but it's actually more than that. If away from this branch, one day and color change, two days and fragrance change, three days and taste change, four or five days outside, color and flavor are gone. ......"

Su Dongpo was relegated to Lingnan during the reign of Emperor Zhezong Shao Sheng of the Song Dynasty, and ate lychee for the first time in the second year of Shao Sheng. Later, he mentioned lychee in his poems many times, among which "eating 300 lychees a day, I will not quit being a Lingnan man" is the most famous, which also shows his love for lychee.

Song - Song Huizong Zhao Ji's "Litchi in the Hall of Xuanhe": "Secretly moving the creation out of the Minshan Mountain, forbidding the Imperial Palace to plant new lychee dans. The jade liquid at first condenses the dew of the immortal palm, and the purple-red bud first knots the crystal pill. The wine is sound, the national color is not vermilion powder, and the wind is filled with the fragrance of heaven, which turns into cymbidium orchid. Why do you need to fly a ride in the red dust, the fragrance of the number of this seat to see."

Ming Xu Bo "Wing Lychee Membrane": "Once to Zhongzhou painting, rouge light sweep drunkenness disappear. The lotus petals fall in front of the wind, and the peach blossoms are delicate after the rain."

Ming Wen Zhengming, "New Lychee":

"Changshu Gu's from Minzhong to move litchi several books, after years of attempts to live. Shida make branch inspection, green leaves, but do not dare to believe. To show the Min people, good. Because of the "new Lychee chapter" order Bibi with the endowment.

The brocade bracts, purple membrane, white snow skin, Hainan Lychee world.

Salt, steam, and honey are not true, and the only thing I've seen in my life is withering.

There is a rumor that the special thing does not leave the soil, cold that comes to the three Wu.

There are three or four of them in the Gu family, and they are very different from the ones in Guilin.

Far away people have no evidence to believe, ask the Minshi salute.

It is also said to be the birth of a number of children, and the vivid image of the reddish-red silk wrapped in jade is clear.

It is not a question of what the fragrance and color of the fruits are, but only that the shape of the mold is already precious and beautiful.

This is the first time I've ever seen a woman with a big smile on her face, and it's the first time I've ever seen a woman with a big smile on her face.

White map Cai spectrum diffuse exaggeration, the decoration is rather like a personal eye to see.

They were only available in the townships, but they were not available in the capital city.

It is not necessary to be a Lingnan man, but I am afraid that there will be no bruise or contusion in the world.

It is not necessary for me to be a member of the South China Sea, but I am afraid that I will not be a victim of the world's ills.

They are not the only ones who have been living in the country for a long time, but they have been living in the country for a long time.

There is no such thing as near or far, and the good thing is that it is possible to return to the good thing.

Floral matter is a matter of gas, but it is a matter of human nature.

The immortal was originally from the sea and the mountains, and from then on the rivers and villages were also sprouting tillers.

From Woyan said my hometown, foreign products and rare tastes had not lack of.

It is not because of this that the weight is increased, but because of the heart of the people.

Fushan prunes Dongting mandarin, the good name has long excelled in the southeast.

The flavor and smell are not the same, and it is said to be the best of the three lychees."

Alias Dali, Dan Li

Source Litchi chinensis Sonn. in the genus Litchi of the family Sapindaceae, with the root, aril (pulp) and nucleus of the medicine. Collected in summer and fall and dried in the sun.

Sex and flavor

Root: slightly bitter, astringent, warm.

Aril (pulp): sweet, sour, warm.

Kernel: sweet, slightly bitter, astringent, warm.

Functions

Root: subduing swelling and relieving pain. Used for gastric distension and pain.

Aril (pulp): benefiting qi and tonifying blood. Used for weakness after illness, prolonged diarrhea due to spleen deficiency, and hematochezia.

Kernel: regulating Qi, dispersing knots and relieving pain. Used for hernia pain, syringomyelia, testicular swelling and pain, stomach pain, dysmenorrhea.

Use and dosage of fruit and kernel: 3 to 5 qian. Root 1 two.

Excerpts from the National Compendium of Chinese Herbal Medicine

Litchi Introduction

Litchi is native to China, is China's Lingnan good fruit, color, aroma, taste are beautiful, famous at home and abroad, there is a "King of Fruit" name. Lychee is a subtropical fruit tree, evergreen tree, up to 20 meters high, even-numbered pinnately compound leaves, garden panicle, small flowers, no petals, greenish white or yellowish, aromatic. Fruit orchard-shaped, pericarp Ken most scale-like spots raised, bright red, purple red. Fruit flesh is translucent when fresh, flavorful. Sapindaceae plants.

Lychee Lychee is rich in nutrients, according to analysis, each one hundred milliliters of juice contains vitamin C 13.20 to 71.72 hau grams, containing soluble solids 12.9 to 21%, for the enhancement of health nutrients. According to the "Compendium of Materia Medica": lychee can "quench thirst, benefit the color of people ......, the spirit, wisdom, healthy gas (tonifying the brain to build up the body), the treatment of scrofula, tumors redundant ...... "and other diseases.

Lychee has the cultivation of rough, long life, operating lychee has less labor, cost bottom, income benefits. Its output value in the production of fruit trees occupies an important position. Fresh litchi and dried litchi are exported to domestic and foreign markets. Lychee in addition to fresh, dried, the pulp can also be canned, impregnated, brewed and made into other processed products, is the development of food industry is an important raw material. Lychee kernel contains 57% of the starch, can also be brewed, every hundred pounds of wine can be made more than ten pounds. Flowers fragrant honey, for the development of beekeeping provides a good source of honey. Fruit skin, bark, roots contain a lot of tannin, is the raw material for pharmaceuticals, seeds can also be used in medicine. Lychee trunk fine honey solid, moisture-resistant antiseptic, is the construction of houses, boats, bridges and furniture manufacturing excellent wood. Branches and leaves can be used as fuel. Therefore, lychee is a treasure, can be comprehensive utilization, is a broad development prospects, high practical value of the fruit tree.

To the present lychee **** there are more than sixty varieties, of which more than a dozen are well known. Such as gui flavor, toffee smile, sticky rice cake, March red, white wax, Lingshan Xiangli, South Bureau red.

Eat lychee to moderation

According to well-known health care experts in Guangdong Province Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Physiotherapy Department of Su Xiang, director of the lychee for the Sapindaceae plant lychee's fruit, the flesh is rich in nutrients, containing glucose 66%, 5% sucrose, 1.5% protein, 1.4% fat, as well as a large number of vitamin C, is really the fruit of the best. But in the lychee season, if a large number of days in a row to eat fresh lychee, many people tend to produce dizziness, panic, pallor, easy to hunger, cold sweat and other symptoms, severe cases will be convulsions, irregular breathing, weak pulse, and even sudden coma and other pathological manifestations similar to hypoglycemia, which is the lychee acute intoxication, also known as lychee disease. So how to deal with litchi disease? Meet litchi disease, the patient should immediately lie down, and then drink a cup of concentrated sugar water can be recovered, but heavy patients should be sent to the hospital in time for treatment.

What people should not eat lychee?

Lychee attributes warm and dry, yin deficiency fire is best to eat less people (once the best in 0.25 kilograms or less). If you are growing acne, sores, cold and flu or acute inflammation, it is not suitable to eat lychee, otherwise it will aggravate the disease. But the body is cold, cold stomach is suitable to eat more.

China is the hometown of litchi, as early as 2000 years ago, there are records of cultivation of litchi. Today there are still wild litchi forests on Hainan Island, which is a clear proof of China's origin. Since ancient times, lychee is classified as a precious fruit, known as the "king of fruits" reputation. During the Tang Dynasty (618-907), lychee was used as a tribute to the royal family. The Tang Dynasty poet Du Mu wrote a poem: "Chang'an is embroidered with piles of embroidery, the top of the mountain thousands of doors open one after another, a ride on the red dust consort laughed, no one knows it is lychee." It is written that Emperor Xuanzong of Tang Dynasty, in order to make Yang Guifei eat fresh lychee, every year, he spared no effort to send lychee to Chang'an from thousands of miles away, resulting in many deaths of men and horses. Both illustrate the lychee's fame, but also expose the luxury life of the feudal emperor.

China's lychee is mainly distributed in the south of Guangdong, Guangxi, Fujian, Sichuan, Taiwan and other places. These areas are in the subtropics, the climate is warm and humid, the soil is mostly alluvial and sandy loess, most suitable for litchi growth. Especially in Guangdong, the cultivation area accounts for 70% of the country. At present, there are more than 300 varieties of lychee in the world, China's Guangdong Province accounted for more than 170 kinds. Litchi tree is an evergreen tree with slow growth and a large crown. It usually blossoms and bears fruit in early April and ripens for market by June. It takes about 10 years for a small tree to grow to blossom and bear fruit, and about 30 years for the fruiting period. Lychee trees can be up to 1,000 years old. Putian County, Fujian Song's ancestral hall has a "Song Jiaxiang" lychee tree, the age of the tree has been more than 1,300 years, still blossom and bear fruit every year, showing a school of life. A large lychee tree can produce more than 1,000 pounds of fruit each year, up to 3,000 pounds. Litchi shell with scaly protruding shape, about 3-4 centimeters in diameter. Skin red meat white, meat like congealed fat, translucent. Eat lychee in fresh, juicy flesh, melt in the mouth, sweet and refreshing. People for the preservation of "fresh", in the picking of litchi intentionally with some leaves, not with the leaves of the litchi called "away from the branch", color and flavor is slightly inferior. In addition to fresh lychee, can also be dried into dry lychee, or made into canned goods shipped to domestic and foreign sales. Because lychee contains a lot of glucose, sucrose, vitamins, proteins, etc., anemia, palpitations, insomnia, asthma, hernia pain and other diseases have a certain degree of efficacy.

Litchi is a famous Lingnan fruit, is a subtropical precious fruit, one of the four Lingnan fruit. It is native to the south of China, there are more than 2000 years of cultivation history. Among them, "a ride on the red dust consort smile" of the fruit of the king of litchi, especially commonly known as "sticky rice cake" varieties, the tip of the nucleus is small, the meat Fang Yeol sweet, can fully imagine Su Dongpo "day bite litchi 300, do not quit long for the south of the mountain people! ", the true feelings of satisfaction look.

Litchi is an evergreen tree, wild tree height up to 30 m, diameter at breast height 1 m. The bark is gray-brown, indehiscent. Even-numbered pinnately compound leaves alternate, leaflets 2 to 4 pairs, long elliptic lanceolate, 6 to 12cm long. flowers small, no petals, into terminal panicles. Fruit spherical or ovoid, red when ripe, pericarp with prominent protruding tubercles, brownish-red seeds, flowering in March to April, fruit ripening in May to August. Like light, like warm and humid climate and rich in humus of deep, acidic soil, afraid of frost. At present, there are more than 100 varieties of lychee in China, Guangzhou has more than 60, produced in Guangzhou from the city, Zengcheng two cities and several suburban combined areas of the city.

Litchi to fruit shape? The color is pleasing to the eye, and the flesh is shaped like a fruit. Color pleasing, flesh like congealed fat, sweet, soft, smooth and crispy, sweet and fragrant, color and taste and famous, excellent varieties of glutinous rice cake, Gui taste, hanging green, Princess smile, etc., and to Huaizhi, the largest number of black leaves, accounting for about 70% to 80% of the total output.

The quality of lychee is the best in Gui flavor and sticky rice cake. Gui flavor to meat crispy sweet and attractive, and sticky rice cake is known for its core small meat thick juice and rich flavor. In the old days, "Pencun sticky rice cake", "Luo Gang gui flavor", "Zengcheng hanging green" called "three masters of lychee". Three masters to "Zengcheng hanging green" is the most precious, has always been the court as tribute." Zengcheng hanging green" shell red with green, four points of green and six points of red, each lychee are surrounded by a circle of green line, the flesh is white and crystal, sweet and refreshing, teeth, unique flavor. Now survives in Zengcheng Li town hanging green garden of that hanging green tree is hanging green lychee varieties of the old ancestor, more than 400 years old, more than 5 meters high, has been successfully cultivated by it several generations of hanging green children and grandchildren of the species, *** more than 100, planted in several townships in Zengcheng.

Lychee is rich in nutrients, the flesh contains up to 20% sugar, in each 100 milliliters of juice, vitamin C content up to 70 mg, but also contains protein, fat, phosphorus, calcium, iron and other components. Lychee is not only fresh fruit, but also can be baked into lychee dry, canned, concentrated into juice, brewing, cooking lychee gelatin.

■ Litchi

Litchi chinensis

Sapindaceae (Sapindaceae) Litchi genus evergreen trees. It is also known as Litchi. There are two species in this genus, mainly distributed in tropical and subtropical regions at 20°～28°N latitude. It is native to China. The transplantation of litchi was recorded during the Yuan Ding period (111) of Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty. Cultivation history has reached more than 2000 years. Song Dynasty Cai Xiang's "Litchi genealogy" (1509) is the earliest lychee monograph. 10 centuries before the introduction of India, the 17th century and successively from Vietnam to the Malayan Peninsula and Myanmar, and since then many tropical and subtropical countries competing with the introduction of seed. Since then, many tropical and subtropical countries have introduced lychee competitively. At present, as an economic cultivation of countries such as the United States, India, South Africa, Thailand, Madagascar, the Philippines, Vietnam, Mauritius, Australia, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. The main producing areas in China are Guangdong, Fujian, Taiwan, Guangxi, Sichuan and other provinces (autonomous regions), Yunnan, Guizhou and Zhejiang are also cultivated in small quantities.

◇Morphology and Species The tree is up to 20 meters tall. Root system is strong. Pressing propagation seedlings have no main root, and gradually form a deep and wide root group in adulthood; grafted seedlings have a deep and developed main root, and gradually produce lateral roots after entering the fruiting stage. There are mycorrhizal fungi on the fibrous roots***. The tree crown is open, and the crown width can reach 30-40 meters. The bark is brownish gray, and the branches and trunks are bent and pendulous. Pinnately compound leaves alternate or opposite, leathery, color green, oblong or rounded lanceolate, 6-12 cm long. Panicles terminal, flowers small, polygamous. Drupe-like fruit round, ovoid or heart-shaped, 2.5-4.5 cm in diameter, deep red when ripe. The exocarp is leathery, with verrucose protuberances (glabrous segments are the main basis for species classification). The edible part is the aril, milky white or yellowish wax color, translucent. The seeds are mostly oval, brownish-red and shiny. There are more than 100 main cultivars, which are divided into three types: early-maturing, medium-maturing and late-maturing, among which the sweet and small-core medium-maturing varieties of "sticky rice cake", "Gui Wei" and "Fei Zi Xiao" and the late-maturing varieties of "Xiang Li" are the most popular. The most valuable varieties are "Xiangli", which is the middle-ripe variety with sweet flavor and small core.

◇Biological Characteristics Lychee likes light, requires long sunshine. 23 ~ 26 ℃ for the growth of optimal conditions. 23 ~ 26 ℃ for the growth of the optimal temperature, the average daily temperature of 17 ℃ above the new leaves began to stretch, 10 ℃ below the basic stop growing, -4 ℃ when the frost, the flowering period when the temperature is lower than 8 ℃ when the anthers do not crack, but in January, the critical season of bud differentiation, the need for 15 ℃ below freezing temperatures above. Growth and fruiting period generally need more water. Deep, well-drained, organic matter-rich acidic (pH 4.5 to 6) sandy loam soil is preferred. The branches of the mature fruit-bearing trees twig 3 to 4 times a year, forming a dense shade of the leaf layer, flower buds are formed in the axillary buds at the top of the new shoots in early spring, and male and female flowers are different from each other. The fruit ripens about 70 to 90 days after the female flowers are pollinated and fertilized.

◇Cultivation The traditional propagation method is to use high branching and crimping or high grafting, and after the 1970s, more 1-2 year-old live seedlings with a stem diameter of about 0.8 cm thick or more are used for piece bud grafting or joint grafting, which is a simpler way and saves the scion. Before picking spikes, the mother branch ring peeling, is conducive to the accumulation of nutrients, improve the survival rate. Seedling planting with soil as far as possible, to reduce root injury. Spring planting in February to May, fall planting in September to October is appropriate. Plant spacing is generally 5-6 meters. In the main varieties with planting 5 to 10% of the pollinating trees with similar flowering period, can improve the fruiting rate. In addition to general fertilizer management, before and after the fruit picking need to reapply an organic fertilizer-based fertilizer mix. In winter, a park plowing and harrowing, conducive to the renewal of the root system and inhibit the sprouting of winter tips. Pruning period is generally carried out within one month after fruit picking, to the degree of ventilation and light. Fruit harvesting must be on the fruiting mother branch and fruiting branches at the junction of the buds properly protected to promote the spring sprouting. The main pests and diseases are mildew, anthracnose, lychee bugs and lines of fine moths.

◇Use Lychee is a precious tropical fruit, in addition to fresh food, can be made of dried lychee and juice, and can be canned and used for winemaking. The fruit shell can be extracted tannin; the root can be used as medicine. Lychee has many flowers and a long flowering period, and is a good honey plant. But the phenomenon of large and small years is serious. The fruit is not resistant to storage.

■Fanlizhi

Annona squamosa; sweetsop

Fanlizhi family Fanlizhi genus semi-deciduous shrubs or small trees. Also known as Buddha's head fruit . With its unique flavor, it is listed as one of the famous tropical fruits. Native to tropical America, about the 17th century was introduced to China, now Taiwan, Guangdong, Fujian, Guangxi, Yunnan are a small number of cultivation. In addition to Central and South America, India, Malaysia, the Philippines, and Thailand produce more. Propagated by seed. Seedlings can be grown in one year. It can bloom three times a year, and it takes 60 to 70 days from blooming to harvesting, with the most fruit in early June and the best fruit in late May. Fan Lychee is suitable for warm and dry climate, cold tolerance is not as good as lychee, below 0 ℃ will freeze to death. The choice of soil is not demanding, planted in well-drained sandy loam grow faster, 3 to 4 years can bear fruit.

■Pan Lychee family

Annonaceae

Dicotyledonous plants in the subclass of Magnolia. Trees or shrubs, sometimes climbers. Leaves alternate, simple, entire, without stipules. Flowers bisexual, sparsely unisexual, usually solitary, borne in leaf axils or extra-axillary, opposite leaves or cauline flowers, hypogynous, actinomorphic, perianth composed of 3 whorls of 3 segments each, outer whorl forming calyx, sepals free or united proximally, valvate, the inner 2 whorls forming petals, petals usually 9, sparsely 3 or 4 segments, valvate, above perianth, with a large elevated or sparsely concave receptacle on which spirally arranged numerous stamens. Stamens numerous, centrally inserted in numerous carpels; stamens special, with a short, thick filament, above filament an outward-facing anther, above anther a connective, connectives varying in different genera, obovules usually numerous, in 2 rows on ventral suture of carpels. Fruit fleshy, forming separate berries, or united with receptacle to form a fleshy globose berry; seeds usually with aril. ***About 2100 species in 120 genera, widely distributed in the tropics and subtropics. There are 24 genera and 120 species in China, distributed from SW China to Taiwan, mostly in S China and S Yunnan. Born in high-temperature and humid forests.

The family's dark Luo genus, the wild one of the genus, etc., the material is tough, the spearwood produced in South America, known for its tough and elastic wood, used for special purposes such as bow handles, bullet rods and so on.

Some of the plants in this family of flowers can be extracted from the production of high-grade essential oils, is a very wide range of uses of important daily chemical raw materials. Senna, fruit for food, the shape of the lychee, for the famous fruit of the tropics. Bark fiber can make paper, roots and fruits can be used medicinally.

Fanzhi family has a relatively primitive traits , was called "living fossil" by Darwin. In the Cretaceous and Tertiary have been fossilized. The family is the closest relative to the Magnoliaceae. The family consists of two subfamilies and five clades: the subfamily Senecioidea, with the carpels spirally arranged and free. It is divided into four clades: (1) Purple Yupan; (2) Fengyi; (3) Wild Dokuro; (4) Four-valved Wood. The subfamily Monodendroidea, the carpels are arranged in rings, connate, with lateral membranous placentation. 1 tribe: Monodendroidea.

Lychee Genealogy

An ancient Chinese monograph on lychee. Written by Cai Xiang (1012-1067), a calligrapher of the Northern Song Dynasty. Written in 1059. The book discusses the cultivation, serving, processing and varieties of litchi in Fujian. The book is divided into 7 volumes according to the following topics. ① Explaining that the only lychee in the world is found in Fujian, Guangdong, NanYue and BaShu. The real variety produced in four counties in Fujian, of which Fuzhou is the most, Xinghuajun special, Quanzhou and Zhangzhou are also well-known. ② introduction of the customs of the Xinghua Army, where the garden pool resort, only planted litchi, of which the best color and flavor of the Chen Zi varieties, the world's first. (3) describes the Fuzhou litchi planted the most, and even a family of 10,000 plants. Merchants will lychee processed products exported, land to the capital, Beijong, Xixia, the ship to Silla, Japan, Liujiu and food, and no one likes. ④ It is believed that eating lychee is beneficial and harmless to the human body, and some people eat a thousand of them a day and do not get sick. ⑤ Introducing planting techniques. For example, new lychee seedlings are afraid of cold, so they have to be covered in winter; after they grow up, they blossom in spring and are white in color, and they bloom once every other year, which is called "resting branch". (6) Introduction of processing methods. There are red salt method, white sunshine method and honey decoction method. Among them, the products of the white sunshine method of yellowish-white color and taste, used for tribute and sold to foreign countries. (7) lists Fujian 32 litchi varieties of maturity, fruit size, color, fragrance intensity, sweet and sour degree. In order of quality, the leading 12 varieties are Chen Zi, Jiang Green, Fang Jia Hong, You Jia Zi, Xiao Chen Zi, Song Gong, Lan Jia Hong, Zhou Jia Hong, Sha Jia Hong (the first nine are named after the grower's family name), Fa Shi Bai, Green Kernel, and Yuan Ding Xiang. The remaining 20 species are not ranked in order of quality; they are Tiger Skin, Cow Heart, Tortoiseshell, Sulphur Yellow, Vermilion Persimmon, Pope's Peach, Ark Shell, Dragon's Tooth, Water Lychee, Honey Lychee, Lilac Lychee, Big Lilac, Double Bun, True Pearl, Eighteen Nyonya, Shogun, Pink, Zhongyuan Red, Volcano and Green Lotus Bun. The book contains a brief description of the characteristics of each variety.

■How to eat lychee

Because lychee soaked with sorghum wine has a golden color, adding ice is a great way to drink it, and the cold, sweet aroma then becomes a favorite of many women, so it has another romantic nickname - cold gold incense, an alternative vodka specifically for women.

Additionally, according to ancient recipes, to lychee shells boiled water into lychee tea, to eat lychee is easy on the fire, nosebleeds, can achieve the effect of lowering the fire; I did not expect to be discarded lychee shells, also have such a use, right!

Lychee tea tastes very much like herbal tea, although a little bitter, taste is relatively light, but after adding honey will become very tasty and delicious; such as maternal postpartum sitting in the month, a lot of cool cold food can not eat, if there is a "fire in the month", you can drink a cup of lychee tea, the whole person instantly Shuyi. Now, who dares to wrongly accuse lychee is not a good fruit it!

◆Leng Jinxiang

˙Materials: lychee 1 catty, 3 bottles of sorghum, magnolia flowers five, six

˙Methods:

1, lychee shelled and seeded, and sorghum wine, magnolia flowers soaked in the seal together.

2, seal for 3 months before opening.

˙Words of advice:

1, the longer you soak it, the smoother it tastes.

2, take a bath with magnolia flowers in Cold Gold, not only can eliminate fatigue, the whole body will also have magnolia flavor.

3, after drinking cold gold incense, do not throw away the lychee flesh, cooking, whether stewed, braised, put a little cold gold incense instead of wine, the taste of the dish is immediately different, but also a light fragrance.

◆Lychee tea

˙Materials: Lychee shells about 10, water 300㏄, honey 1 teaspoon

˙Methods:

1, lychee shells washed with water, and then put into the water to boil.

2, the water rolled and then cooked on low heat for 10 minutes.

3, cool and stir in honey.

What you need to do:

The enzymes in honey will be destroyed when it gets hot and it will turn into normal sugar water, so honey can't be added to hot water

■ "Passing through the Hua Qing Palace"

Chang'an looks back at the embroidered piles of embroidery,

The top of the mountain is open a thousand gates,

One ride on the red dust consort laughs,