Dynasty: Tang Dynasty
Author: Zhang Zhihe
Original text:
In front of Xisai Mountain, egrets fly, peach blossoms flow and mandarin fish are fat. .
Green bamboo hats, green coir raincoats, slanting wind and drizzle do not need to return.
Translation
Egrets are flying freely in front of Xisai Mountain, plump mandarin fish are swimming happily in the river, and the peach blossoms floating in the water are so bright and full. An old man on the bank of the river, wearing a green bamboo hat and a green coir raincoat, was fishing leisurely in the slanting wind and drizzle. He was so fascinated by the beautiful spring scenery that he did not go home even when it rained.
Comments
① Yugezi: the name of the word brand. This tune was originally a famous tune by Tang Jiaofang. Divided into monotonic and bimodal. Twenty-seven characters are monotonous and have a flat rhyme. Zhang's tune is the most famous. Double tone, five crosses, oblique rhyme. "Fishermen's Song" is also known as "Fisherman" or "Fisherman's Music", which is probably a folk fishing song. According to the records cited in "Ci Lin Chronicle", Zhang Zhihe once visited Yan Zhenqing, the governor of Huzhou. Because the boat was worn out, he asked Yan Zhenqing to help replace it and wrote "Yu Gezi". The Cicai "Yu Ge Zi" originated from "Yu Ge Zi" written by Zhang Zhihe and got its name. "Zi" is the abbreviation of "qu".
② Xisai Mountain: Huzhou, Zhejiang.
③Egret: a white water bird.
④Peach blossoms and flowing water: The season when peach blossoms bloom is when the spring water rises, commonly known as peach blossom flood or peach blossom water.
⑤Mandarin fish (guì): freshwater fish, also known as mandarin fish in Jiangnan, with delicious meat.
⑥Ruò: A bamboo hat made of bamboo leaves or bamboo leaves.
⑦Coin raincoat (suō): a raincoat made of grass or brown braid.
⑧Not required: Not necessarily.
Appreciation
Only five of Zhang Zhihe’s lyrics have been preserved, "Yu Ge Zi" (originally titled "The Fisherman"), and this is the first of them. Xisai Mountain is located on the Xitiao River in today's Wuxing County, Zhejiang Province. It used to be called Dao Shiji. It is a large rock protruding from the river. Xitiao River leads to Taihu Lake in the north and Mogan Mountain in the south. The scenery is very beautiful. Zhang Zhihe's poem describes the scenery during the spring flood season and reflects the loveliness of the water towns in the Taihu Lake Basin.
The egret is the kind of water bird that people usually call heron. From a distance, it looks a bit like a white crane. Its legs and neck are particularly long, making it easier to find food in the water. "Egrets fly in front of Xisai Mountain", they spread their wings and fly in front of Xisai Mountain, making this land of plenty and plenty of life even more interesting. "Peach Blossom Flowing Water" is peach blossom water. In the south, peach blossoms bloom in February and March every year, the weather is warm, and there is more rain than in winter. After a few spring rains, the river water will rise, and more fish will swim upstream. The author does not simply say that the spring flood is coming, but describes it as "peach blossoms and flowing water with mandarin fish fat", which can better arouse the readers' imagination, making people seem to see the blooming red peach blossoms on both sides of the bank; when the river water rises sharply, Jiangnan The unique mandarin fish jumps out of the water from time to time, how fat it is. "Mandarin fish" is a freshwater fish with a particularly delicious taste, a large mouth, thin scales, and a yellow-brown color. When the spring floods come, of course the fishermen will not be idle, they are also busy. "Green bamboo hats, green coir raincoats, the slanting wind and drizzle do not need to return" are all written by them. "Ruo Li" is a bamboo hat made of bamboo silk and green Ruo bamboo leaves. "Coir raincoat" is a raincoat made from plant stems, leaves or skin. If it is made from asparagus (liver), it is green. "Go", go home. "No need to return" means that there is no need to go home. Although the author only briefly describes the fishermen's fishing life in the words, readers can fully understand the implication of the words through their own imagination. From the fisherman wearing a bamboo hat and coir raincoat, admiring the scenery of the spring water in the slanting wind and drizzle, readers can understand the fisherman's happy mood when fishing.
The author is a landscape painter. It is said that he once painted "Yu Gezi" into a picture. Indeed, this poem is full of picturesque meaning. Cangyan, egrets, bright peach groves, clear running water, tawny mandarin fish, cyan bamboo hats, green coir raincoats, the colors are so vivid, the conception is so clever, and the artistic conception is so beautiful that when reading the work, people feel like they are watching An excellent picture of spring floods in a water town.
This word embodies the author’s love for freedom and nature in the beautiful waterside scenery and ideal fishermen’s life. What is more attractive to readers in the poem is not the fisherman who is calm and contented with the wind and rain, but the picture of the spring river in Jiangxiang during the Peach Blossom Flood in February with rising water and misty rain. Green mountains in the rain, fishing boats on the river, egrets in the sky, and red peaches on both sides of the bank. The colors are bright but soft, and the atmosphere is peaceful but full of vitality. This not only reflects the author's artistic ingenuity, but also reflects his lofty, unconventional, leisurely and refined taste. After this poem was recited, not only did many people sing it, but it also spread overseas, opening up the door for Chinese poetry writers in Japan in the east to write lyrics. Emperor Saga composed five "Fisher Songs" and seven of his ministers' fenghe poems. , which is adapted from this word.
Su Zizhan loved this poem very much, but he could not sing it because of his poor voice. He sent it to "Huanxi Sha" and said: "Egrets fly in front of Xisai Mountain, and the sails outside the scattered flower island are faint. Peach blossoms and flowing water are like mandarin fish. The fish is fat. It is covered with green bamboo hats, and it is accompanied by green raincoats everywhere. "Huang Lu heard it and continued to write. In the rivers and lakes, mountains connected to water are called jis. There is a ji in Taiping Prefecture called the bride, and there is a pu in Chizhou called the daughter. Lu Zhi was curious, and even took advantage of his name without paying anything.
It is suitable to write this poem, it goes like this: "The bride's gray eyebrows are sad, and her daughter's eyes are wavy. The startled fish mistakenly recognizes the sinking hook of the moon. There are endless things in front of the green bamboo hat, and the bottom of the green raincoat is temporarily rested. The slanting wind and drizzle turn the bow of the boat. When the master heard this, he said jokingly: "I just left Xinfuji and entered Nvnupu. I am not a prodigal son and a fisherman." Everyone laughed. The senior's romance has been somewhat exhausted, and I think about it with great emotion. The small building is hidden in the valley, and it is necessary to have people from outside the place to deal with the situation. I am not Lu Gong, so I cannot achieve harmony, but I can still live with someone similar to him. (Ye Mengde's "Words under the Rock")
In his later years, Gu Gu (Huang Tingjian) also regretted the unfinished work he had done before. Because his cousin Li Ruchi wrote "Fisherman's Ci" and used the "Partridge Sky" song to have a very harmonious rhythm, he hated it. Speak less and speak louder. Because of the article asking for Xuanzhenzi with the portrait of Xianzong, and the intention of Xuanzhen's brother Songling to persuade him to return, he wrote a few sentences: "Egrets fly in front of Xisai Mountain, and peach blossoms and flowing water have fat mandarin fish. The court is still looking for Xuanzhenzi, where can I find him?" Now there is more poetry? Green bamboo hats, green coir rain clothes, no need to return from the slanting wind and drizzle. The world wants to avoid the danger of wind and waves. "Dongpo said with a smile: Lu Zhi wants to calm down the storm.
(Excerpted from "Bai Xiang Ci Pu Jian")