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The dried shoots of cinnamon, a tree plant of the family Camphoraceae. It is mainly produced in Guangxi, Guangdong and Yunnan. Cut off the shoots in spring and summer, dry them in the sun or in the shade, and cut them into thin slices or small segments for use.

These properties are pungent, sweet. Warm. Attributes to the heart, lung and bladder meridians.

Effects Sweating and relieving symptoms, warming the menstruation and relieving pain, helping Yang to transform Qi.

Applications

1. Used in treating external wind-cold syndrome, regardless of whether there is sweating or no sweating. When there is sweating on the surface, it is often used together with white peony, ginger and jujube to harmonize Ying and Wei, such as Gui Zhi Tang. For those who have no sweating on the surface, it is often used with ephedra to enhance the sweating and symptomatic relief, such as Ephedra Soup.

2, used for rheumatism paralysis pain, stomach cold abdominal pain, menstrual closure, dysmenorrhea. The wind and dampness paralysis pain, shoulder and arm joints cold pain, often with the epiphyllum, ginger, licorice, etc., in order to warm menstruation dispersal of cold pain, such as gui zhi epiphyllum soup. Stomach cold abdominal pain, like warm and like to press, often with caramel, white peony, ginger, etc., *** play the function of warming and dispersing cold, such as small Jianzhong Tang. Blood cold stagnation, menstrual closure and abdominal pain or dysmenorrhea, often used with Angelica sinensis, Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong, Cornu Cervi, etc., in order to warm the menstruation, dispel cold, activate blood circulation and promote menstruation, such as warm menstruation soup. Palpitation of the pulse knot generation, often with roasted licorice, ginseng, such as roasted licorice soup.

3. It is used in the case of phlegm-drinking and water retention in the bladder. The heart and spleen yang deficiency, water and dampness, chest and hypochondriac distension, coughing and dizziness and other phlegm, often with atractylodes macrocephala, Poria, licorice, in order to warm the spleen yang, dampness, water, such as ling gui juju gan tang. For water retention syndrome in which bladder yang qi is not transformed and urination is unfavorable, it is often used together with Poria, Ze Xie Di, Poria, in order to help yang to transform qi and promote water retention, e.g. Wu Ling San. Heart Yang deficiency, excessive sweating, often used with licorice. For example, Gui Zhi Gan Cao Tang.

Use 3~9 grams. Add to soup.

Attention to use: This product is pungent and warm, easily injuring the yin and blood, and is contraindicated in cases of warm-heat diseases, yin and yang deficiency, blood-heat, fetus-heat in pregnant women, and post-partum rheumatism accompanied by excessive sweating.

Pharmacological effects

Dilates blood vessels, promote sweating

① Active ingredient cinnamon oil.

② Actions Dilates blood vessels, regulates blood circulation, blood flow to the body surface, and strengthens the sweating effect of ephedra.

Antipyretic, analgesic

① Active ingredient Cinnamaldehyde, sodium cinnamate.

② Mechanism Skin vasodilatation, increased heat dissipation, promote sweating; increase the pain threshold.

Sedation, anticonvulsant

① Active ingredient cinnamaldehyde.

② Effect Mice with reduced voluntary activity, increase the role of barbiturates, anti-amphetamine effect, anti-strychnine effect; reduce nicotinic convulsions, inhibit audiogenic convulsions.

Anti-inflammatory, anti-allergic

① Active ingredient volatile oil.

② Mechanism Inhibit IgE-induced mast cell granule reaction. Reduce complement activity, anti-allergic effect.

Antibacterial, antiviral

① Antibacterial Staphylococcus aureus, S. typhi, pathogenic fungi. Cinnamon oil, cinnamon aldehyde, anti-tuberculosis bacilli.

② Antiviral Influenza virus, orphan virus.

English name RAMULUS CINNAMOMI

Prescription name Cinnamon twig,Cinnamon twig tip

Source This product is the dried shoots of Cinnamomum cassia Presl, family Camphoraceae. It is harvested in spring and summer, and the leaves are removed and dried in the sun, or sliced and dried in the sun.

Method of preparation remove impurities, slightly soaked, washed, moistened, thinly sliced, dried. This product is a class of round, oval-shaped slices or irregularly shaped segments. The cortex is reddish brown, the surface is sometimes visible punctate lenticels or longitudinal ribs, the wood is yellow-white or light yellow-brown, the pith is orbicular or slightly square.

Traits of this product is long cylindrical, multi-branched, 30 ~ 75cm long, the diameter of the thick end of 0.3 ~ 1cm. surface reddish brown to brown, with longitudinal ridges, fine wrinkles and pimples of leaf scars, branch scars, bud scars, lenticels punctiform. The texture is hard and brittle, easy to break. Slices are 2-4mm thick, the section is reddish brown on the skin part, yellowish white to light yellowish brown on the wood part, and the pith part is slightly square. There is a special aroma, taste sweet, slightly pungent, the skin part of the stronger flavor.

Identification

(1) Cross-section: 1 series of epidermal cells, shoots can be seen unicellular non-glandular hairs. Cork cells 3 to 5 columns, the innermost 1 column of cells thickened outer wall. The cortex has oil cells and stone cells scattered. Middle column sheath stone cell group intermittently arranged into a ring, and accompanied by fiber bundles. The phloem has secretory cells and fibers scattered. Formation layer conspicuous. Xylem rays 1-2 columns wide, containing brown matter; ducts single scattered or 2 to several aggregates; wood fiber wall is thin, not easy to distinguish from wood thin-walled cells. Pith cell walls slightly thick, lignified. Ray cells contain fine calcium oxalate needle crystals.

(2) Take 0.5g of the powder, add 10ml of ethanol, tightly plugged, immersed in 20 minutes, shaking, filtered, filtrate as a test solution. Take cinnamaldehyde control product, add ethanol to make a solution containing 1μl per 1ml, as the control solution. According to thin-layer chromatography (Appendix VI B), absorb 10-15μl of the test solution, 2μl of the control solution, were spotted on the same silica gel G thin-layer plate, with petroleum ether (60-90 ℃) - ethyl acetate (17:3) as an unfolding agent, unfolding, take out, air drying, and sprayed with dinitrophenylhydrazine ethanol test solution. In the chromatogram of the test article, the same orange-red spot was shown in the corresponding position with the chromatogram of the control article.

The properties and flavors are pungent, sweet, warm. Attributes to the heart, lung and bladder meridians.

Functions: Sweating and relieving the muscles, warming the meridians, assisting yang to transform qi, and calming the flushing and descending qi. It is used in treating cold and flu, cold pain in the epigastrium and abdomen, menstrual closure due to blood cold, paralytic pain in joints, phlegm, edema, palpitation, and running dolphin.

Dosage 3~9g.

Store in a cool and dry place.

Remarks

(1) Gui Zhi is pungent and warm, good at dispelling wind-cold, and can be used to treat cold and wind-cold, fever and malignant cold, regardless of whether there is sweating or no sweating. Such as wind-cold symptoms, body does not sweat, with ephedra with the same use, there is the effect of mutual necessity, can promote sweating; such as wind-cold symptoms, cautious body sweating, with peony, etc., there is a coordination of the role of Yingwei. Gui Zhi can warm the meridians, for cold and damp rheumatism paralysis pain, more with epiphyllum, Qiang Wu, Fang Feng, etc.; for cold stagnation of qi and blood caused by menstrual closure, dysmenorrhea, etc., often with Angelica sinensis, Paeonia lactiflora, peach kernel, etc., with the same. Gui Zhi is warm in nature, good to pass yang qi, can transform the yin cold, the yin cold obstruction of yang qi, fluid can not be transported, and thus stagnation of water and dampness to form phlegm and drink of the disease, often with Poria, atractylodes, etc.: such as bladder qi loss, urinary disadvantage, with the use of Gui Zhi to pass the yang qi, to help diuretic medicine in order to pass the diuresis, often with Poria, Ze Xue Di, and so on (such as the five Ling San).

(1) Gui Zhi and ephedra can sweat, but ephedra is hard to open, can open the coupling and penetrate the hair orifices, sweating effect is stronger, and can be declared lung asthma, diuretic swelling; Gui Zhi Xin Gan Wensi, the main function is to warm through the meridians, can access the Yang Qi and relief of the surface, the sweating effect of the slower and weaker. Therefore, the treatment of wind-cold epiphenomena, wind-cold without sweating, often paired with ephedra to enhance its sweating effect; while the treatment of wind-cold epiphenomena, sweating wind is not used with ephedra, more with peony with the use of coordination of Ying and Wei, published and dispersed cold. Gui Zhi is warm and hot, if not applied properly, there is a risk of injury to the yin and blood, so it should not be applied in warm and feverish diseases, yin deficiency, fire and hemorrhagic syndrome.

Excerpts from the Chinese Pharmacopoeia

Medicinal Name

Cassia Twig

Alias

Cinnamomum cassia

Liu Gui

Hanyu Pinyin

Gui Zhi

English Name

Cassia Twig

Latin Name of the Plant, Animal and Mineral

1. Cinnamomum cassia Presl [Laurus cinnamomum Andr.; L. cassia C.G. et Th. Nees]

2. Cinnamomum cassia Presl var. macrophyllum Chu

Attributed to the meridians

Bladder; heart; lung meridian

Pharmacological effects

1. Antibacterial effect: Cinnamomum cassia alcoholic extract can inhibit Escherichia coli, Bacillus subtilis and Staphylococcus aureus in vitro, the effective concentration of 25mg/ml or less; also has an effect on Staphylococcus albicans, Shigella dysentery bacillus, typhoid fever and paratyphoid fever, pneumococcus, Pneumococcus aeruginosa, Proteus, Bacillus anthracis, Salmonella enterica, and Vibrio cholera. Vibrio cholerae, etc. also have inhibitory effect (plate digging method).

2. Antiviral effect: with human embryonic kidney primary monolayer epithelial cell tissue culture, cinnamon sticks decoction (1:20) on influenza Asian A Kyoko 68-l strain and orphan virus (ECHO11) has an inhibitory effect. On chicken embryo, there is an inhibitory effect on influenza virus, with 70% alcohol immersion has a better effect.

3. Diuretic effect:With cinnamon sticks containing Wu Ling San 0.25g/kg to the anesthetized dogs intravenous injection, can make the dog urine volume increased significantly, single cinnamon sticks static injection (0.029g/kg) diuretic effect than the other four medicines alone significantly, so that cinnamon sticks is considered to be the main diuretic component of the Wu Ling San one of the mode of action may be similar to the mercury Sally.

Chinese medicine chemical composition

Cinnamon sticks contain volatile oil 0.69%, the main component of the oil for cinnamaldehyde (cinnamaldehyde) 64.75%, and benzyl benzoate (benzylbenzoate), acetic acid cinnamylacetate (cinnamylacetate), β-wicker (β-cadinene), calamus (cinnamylacetate), and β-wicker (β-cadinene). It is also known as calamenene and coumarin.

Effects

Dispersing cold and relieving exopathogens; warming the meridians and channels; promoting Yang and vaporizing Qi

Evidence

From Tang Materia Medica. The Materia Medica: Zhongjing's Treatise on Typhoid Fever uses Gui Zhi for sweating. Gui Zhi is a branch, not a stem. Take its light and thin and can be dispersed. Today, there is a kind of willow cinnamon, is the young branch of the cinnamon, especially suitable for people to treat the upper focus of the medicine also.

Family Classification

Camphoraceae

Latin Name

Ramulus Cinnamomi

Adults

Wind-cold episodes; cold-dampness paralysis; cold limbs; menstrual dysmenorrhea; obstruction in the abdomen; pectoral paralysis; palpitation; phlegm drink; dysuria

Ecology

Born in evergreen broad-leaved forests. broad-leaved evergreen forests, but mostly cultivated.

Discussions of various schools

1.

1.

2. Wang Hao Gu: or ask the "Materia Medica" that cinnamon can stop annoying sweating, and Zhang Zhongjing treatment of typhoid fever when sweating, where several places, all with cinnamon stick soup; and clouds, no sweating shall not serve cinnamon stick, sweating family shall not re-sweat, if the use of cinnamon stick is to re-sweat, sweating more than the use of cinnamon stick and licorice soup, which is used to cinnamon stick to close the sweat also. A drug used twice, and the "Materia Medica" of the meaning of the same? Said, "Materia Medica" said cinnamon pungent sweet and hot, can guide the hundred drugs, through the blood, stop annoying sweat, is to adjust its blood and sweat from the also. Zhongjing cloud, the sun stroke, weak yin sweat, Wei solid camp virtual fever sweating. Another cloud, the sun disease fever sweating, this is the camp weak Wei strong. Yin deficiency Yang will be put together, so all use Gui Zhi hair sweat. This is the adjustment of its camp gas, the guard gas and self, wind and evil have nothing to accommodate, so since the sweat and solution, not Gui Zhi can open the coupling, issued by the sweat also. Sweat more with cinnamon sticks, to reconcile the camp and the guard, then the evil from the sweat and sweat from the end, not cinnamon sticks can close the sweat hole. Ignorant people do not know the meaning of sweating, closed sweat, in case of typhoid fever without sweating also use gui zhi, the error is very far. Gui Zhi Tang under the word sweat, when recognized as the word, sweat naturally issued, not if the ephedra can open the coupling issued by the sweat. The treatment of false sweating, but also when the intention of the reverse inspection can also be.

3. "Materia Medica Derivative Supplement": Zhongjing treats the table with cinnamon sticks, not the table has a deficiency to cinnamon to supplement; Wei has wind evil, so the disease is sweating, to cinnamon sticks to send its evil, Wei and then the table is close to the end of the sweat, not cinnamon sticks can be collected sweat and cure.

4. "Compendium": ephedra throughout the skin, so specializing in sweating and cold evil dispersal, the lungs of the skin and hair, Xin go lungs. Gui Zhi penetrates the camp and guards, so it can relieve the muscle and wind evil to go, the spleen is the main camp, the lungs are the main guards, Gan go spleen, Xin go lungs also.

5. "Materia Medica Huiyan": Gui Zhi, scattering wind and cold, expel the surface evil, send evil sweat, stop coughing, to go between the joints of the wind and pain in the medicine. Although the odor is not far from the pungent heat, but the body is a branch, can only be dispersed between the skin, hair, muscle and coupling, parade arm and knee joints.

6. "Materia Medica": cinnamon sticks and thin cinnamon, although both belong to the thin branches, but thin cinnamon, especially the thin skin, so the power of the camp seems less than the branch. Cinnamon and cinnamon for dolphin and cinnamon stick is also used to dolphin belongs to the kidney gas, kidney gas out of the bladder, cinnamon stick into the foot of the sun is also. Doctors do not realize the essence of the surface of the cinnamon stick, it seems that this flavor can make up for the guard and close the coupling. If so, why not use ginseng, astragalus? Cover the four seasons of the wind, due to the four seasons of the gas, the winter months of cold wind injuries Wei, Wei for the cold wind and, not for the camp gas and and, therefore, sweating. Only Gui Zhi Xin Gan can disperse the cold wind on the surface of the muscle, but also through the blood vessels, so the combination of white peony, by the Wei of the solid to reach the camp, so that the phase and the muscle to solve the sweat stops also.

7. "Ben Jing Feng Yuan": the ephedra outside the hair and dispel cold, all through the skin, so specializing in sweating; Gui Zhi upward and dispersal of the surface, through the camp and the guards, and therefore able to dissolve the muscle. The world to typhoid fever without sweating shall not use gui zhi, not also. Gui Zhi Xin sweet dispersal for Yang, cold injury to the camp blood, but also indispensable medicine. Ephedra soup, Pueraria lobata soup has not been missing this. But you can not use Gui Zhi Tang, in order to have peony acid cold, astringent surface coupling for the forbidden ear.

8. "Changsha medicinal solution": Gui Zhi, into the liver family and line blood, set the meridians and reach the Rongyu. It is good at resolving wind evils and regulating wood qi. It is good at relieving wind evils and regulating wood qi. It is also good at elevating the deflowering of clear yang, descending the rebelliousness of turbid yin, soothing the contractures of the tendons and veins, and facilitating the congestion of joints. It enters the liver and gallbladder and disperses inhibition, stops pain, opens up the channels and paralysis, and removes dampness and cold. It can stop the running of the dolphins, and can also calm palpitations.

9. "Ben Jing Shuo Zhen": All medicines must be investigated for their body use, Gui Zhi can benefit the joints, warm the channels and open up the veins, which is also its body. Su Wen - yin and yang should be like the theory" said, taste thick is leaking, gas thick is hot, Xin to disperse the knot, Gan can be complementary to the virtual. Therefore, it can harmonize the coupling, under the gas dispersal of reverse, pain in addition to annoyance, this is also used. Cover its use of the road has six: said and camp, said through the sun, said the water, said under the gas, said line phlegm, said tonic. Its work of the largest, the most widely used, such as Gui Zhi Tang, and camp its first work.

10. Zhang Shouyi: Gui Zhi light with three, five minutes to seven, eight minutes, heavy with a money to money and a half, if the Ying blood vegetarian deficiency, and Wei Yang is also micro, outside of the Rin cold, it is used one or two minutes and white peony fried, its tongue smooth without moss, and must be gui, peony fried with, and picking out the Gui Zhi not use, only to take the gas, do not eat the flavor, although Wu Xia recent new method, and can not be said that it is not the deep meaning of the person also. Gui Zhi is the mouth of the branch of cinnamon, tender and thin strip, fragrant, light and rising dispersal, flavor Xin gas temperature. It is used to dispel wind and cold in the camp and the guards, and to treat sun stroke and headache. It is used to dispel wind-cold in Ying and Wei, and to treat headache caused by sun stroke. It is also used to treat abdominal pain caused by deficiency of the spleen and stomach. It promotes circulation through the meridians and reaches up to the shoulders and arms. Warm Xin wins the water, then suppression of the kidney gas, the next set of running dolphins, the opening of the paralysis of the kidney family, if the Yang Wei ulcer short, the drowning of a good material for the pass. But in the dry cough gas rise, the use of that teach blood overflow, or yin loss of liquid consumption, mistakenly cast will lead to disease plus. Its effect in the skin, and Zhongjing book against the skin, can realize the fallacy of copying, no skin for the wood, and late in recent times or with its wood, not the hobby of bias.

11. Cao Jia Da: cold and damp condensation in the muscle, Yang Qi does not reach the outside, the Zhong Shi because of the establishment of Gui Zhi Tang Fang, to support the spleen Yang and reach the camp points of the depression. Covering the Sun Luo full cloth coupling, cold in the muscle, Sun Luo for the inaccessible, not to get the Yang Qi to pass, the camp in the remaining liquid will not be able to evaporate into sweat, Gui Zhi's development of the spleen Yang's instincts. But the loss of this untreated, the dampness of the joints, the disease of the calendar section; or run into the Sun Luo and for the pain, according to the do not know where, commonly known as cold and dampness flow tendons. Its depression involves the liver, the two evidence are recommended gui zhi.

12. "Materia Medica Jing Shu": solid surface to dispel evil. Mainly li liver and lung qi, headache, wind paralysis, bone joint contracture pain.

13. "The Materia Medica Renewed": treatment of cold hands and feet for numbness, tendon pumping pain, and cold and cold outside.

Harvesting and storage

Cinnamon planted 2 years later, the shoots, remove the leaves, sun-dried. Or take the cinnamon tree after felling the excess tiller from the ground cut or take the branches of pruning, inter-cutting, sun-dried.

Resource Distribution

Distribution of Fujian, Taiwan, Hainan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Yunnan and other places in the tropical and subtropical areas are cultivated, especially in Guangxi cultivation, most of the artificial pure forest.

Selection

①Treatment of solar stroke, Yang floating and weak Yin, Yang floating, heat since the development of the weak Yin, sweat since the development of the mean cold, Xie Xie wind, open and close the fever, dry vomiting: Gui Zhizhi three taels (peeled), three taels of paeoniae lactiflora, two taels of licorice (roasted), three taels of ginger (cut), twelve jujubes (broken). On the five flavors, fine cut three flavors, seven liters of water, micro-fire boil three liters, remove the dregs, suitable for cold and warm, serve a liter; served in a moment, sip hot porridge a liter of more to help the medicine, warm cover to make a moment Xu, tie up tie up all over the body slightly like a sweaty person better. ("Typhoid Fever" Gui Zhi Tang) ② treatment of typhoid fever eight or nine days, wind-dampness fight, body pain and annoyance, can not turn from side to side, do not vomit, not thirsty, floating pulse is weak and astringent: Gui Zhi four two (peeled), three epiphyllums (cannons, peeled, broken), ginger three two (cut), twelve jujubes (broken), licorice two two (sizzling). The above five flavors, with six liters of water, boiled two liters, remove the dregs, divided into warm three service. ("The Treatise on Typhoid Fever" Gui Zhi and Zi Zi Tang) ③ treatment of pain in the joints, body lame, feet swollen as off, head dizzy and short of breath, warmth and want to vomit: Gui Zhi four taels, three taels of paeoniae lactiflora, two taels of licorice, two taels of ephedra, five taels of ginger, five taels of Atractylodes macrocephala, four taels of Zhimu, four taels of antifungus, one of the appendiciae (shelled). The above nine flavors, with seven liters of water, boiled two liters, warm service seven, three times a day. ("The Golden Chamber" Gui Zhi Paeoniae Zhimu Tang) ④ treatment of plaque in the heart, all the rebellious, heart pain: Gui Zhi, ginger, each three two, Hovenia ciliata five. The above three flavors, with six liters of water, boiled to three liters, divided into three warm service. ("The Golden Chamber" Gui Zhi Ginger Hovenia Tang) ⑤ treatment of typhoid fever after sweating, the person under the umbilical cord palpitations, want to be a running dolphin: Poria half a catty, Gui Zhi four two (peeled), licorice two two (roasted), fifteen jujubes (broken). The above four flavors, to Ganlan water a bucket, first boiled Poria, reduce two liters, and all the drugs, boiled three liters, remove the dregs, take a liter of warm service, three services a day. ("Treatise on Typhoid Fever" Poria, Gui Zhi, Licorice and Jujube Soup) (6) treatment of blood paralysis yin and yang are weak, the inches of the mouth off the micro, the ruler of the small and medium-sized tight, external evidence of the body is not benevolent, such as the wind paralysis: Astragalus three taels, three taels of peony, three taels of Gui Zhi, six taels of ginger, twelve jujubes. The above five flavors, with six liters of water, boiled to take two liters, warm service seven, day three service. (Astragalus Gui Zhi Wu Wu Tang) (7) treatment of loss of semen family less abdominal string anxious, Yin head cold, dizziness, hair fall, pulse very weak, hollow late, for the clearing of the valley of the loss of blood loss of semen, the pulse of the hollow movement of the tight: cinnamon sticks, peony, ginger three taels, licorice two taels, twelve jujube, bone, oysters three taels each. The above seven flavors, with seven liters of water, boiled three liters, divided into warm three services. (Gui Zhi Long Bone Oyster Soup) ⑧ treatment of deficiency labor anxious palpitation epistaxis, abdominal pain, dream loss of semen, limb pain, hands and feet annoying heat, dry throat and mouth dryness: Gui Zhi three two (peeled), licorice two two (roasted), twelve jujubes, peony six two, ginger three two, gum syrup one liter. The above six flavors, with seven liters of water, boil three liters, remove the dregs, within the gum syrup, more on the micro-fire dissipation, warm service one liter, day three service. (small Jianzhong Tang) ⑨ treatment of women with persistent disease, menstrual break not yet and three months and get more than leakage, fetal movement in the umbilical cord, for the disease chronic harm, pregnancy in June to move, the first three months of menstrual fluids, the fetus is also. Blood, after the break in three months, the cup is also. So the blood is not only, its symptoms do not go so, when the next symptom: Gui Zhi, Poria, peony (remove the heart), peach kernel (peeled, pointed, boiled), peony each equal parts. The above five flavors, the end of the, refined honey and pills such as rabbit shit big. Daily take one pill before eating, do not know, increase to three pills. (Gui Zhi Fu Ling Wan, 6 - 9 formula are out of the "Jin Gui Yao Liao")

Contraindications

Heat disease, high fever, yin deficiency and fire, blood heat is prohibited.

Flora and fauna

1. Cinnamon, evergreen tree, 12-17 m. Bark gray-brown, fragrant, young branches slightly quadrangular. Leaves alternate, leathery; long elliptic to sub-lanceolate, 8-17cm long, 3.5-6cm wide, apex pointed, base obtuse, entire, green and glossy above, gray-green below, finely pilose; with off-base 3-exserted veins, distinctly elevated below, finely transversely parallel; petiole stout, 1-2cm long; panicles axillary or subterminal, 10-19cm long, pubescent; flowers small, ca. 3cm in diam. 3cm; pedicel ca. 5mm; floral tube ca. 2mm, lobes 6, yellowish green, ellipsoid, ca. 3mm, densely pubescent inside and out; developing stamens 9, in 3 rounds, anthers rectangular-orbicular, 4-loculed, valvular, outside 2 rounds of filaments without glands, anthers introrse, 3rd round of stamens extrorse, filaments basally 2-glandular, innermost round of staminodes, anthers cardioid; pistil slightly shorter than stamens, ovary Ovary ellipsoid, 1-loculed, ovule 1, style slender, several times as long as ovary, stigma slightly discoid. Berry ellipsoid or obovate, apex slightly truncated, dark purple, ca. 12-13 mm, with persistent perianth outside. Seeds long ovate, purple. Flowering period May-July. Fruiting until February-March of the following year.

Efficacy Classification

Expurgator

Concoction Method

Gui Zhi: slightly soaked in water, fished out, smothered and moistened until thorough, sliced, dried, sifted to remove debris. Gui Zhi Mu: take peeled Gui Zhi, slightly soaked, moistened through, sliced, dried. Gui Zhi Tip: Take the tip of the thin branch of Gui Zhi, slightly soaked, moistened until thorough, sliced and dried. Fried cinnamon sticks: take cinnamon sticks into the pot, stir-fry with a gentle fire until dark yellow and slightly scorched to the degree.

Identification of raw herbs

1. Identification of traits The branches are long cylindrical, multi-branched, 30-70cm long, 0.3-1cm in diameter at the thick end; the surface is brown or reddish-brown with fine wrinkles and small pimple-like leaf scars, branch scars and bud scars, and the lenticels are dotted or dotted ellipsoid. The sanction is hard and brittle, easy to break, the fracture surface of the skin part of the reddish brown, can see a light yellow stone cell ring band, the wood part of the yellow-white to light yellow-brown, the pith part of the slightly square. There is a special aroma, taste sweet, slightly pungent, the skin part of the stronger flavor.

The branches are tender and fine and even, reddish-brown in color, and the aroma is strong.

2. Microscopic identification Branch cross section: epidermal cells 1 column, shoots can be seen unicellular non-glandular hairs. Cork cells 3-5 columns, the innermost column of cells thickened outer wall. Cortex with oil cells, mucous cells and stone cells scattered. Stone cell clusters are intermittently arranged in rings with fiber bundles in the mid-column sheath area. Phloem with oil cells, mucous cells and fibers scattered. Formation layer obvious. Xylem rays are 1-2 rows of cells wide, containing brown material and fine calcium oxalate needle crystals. The cell walls of the pith are slightly thick and lignified. The thin-walled cells of this product contain starch granules.

Taste

Pungent; sweet; warm

Chemical identification of traditional Chinese medicine

Physical and chemical identification Thin layer chromatography: take 0.5g of powder, add 10ml of ethanol, tightly stoppered, cold immersion for 20min, shaking, filtration, filtrate, the filtrate as a solution for the test. Take cinnamaldehyde control product, add ethanol to make a solution containing 1μl per 1ml as control solution. Aspirate 10-15μl of the test solution, 2μl of the control solution, were spotted on the same silica gel G thin layer plate, with petroleum ether (60-90 ℃) - ethyl acetate (17:3) as an unfolding agent, unfolding, take out, drying, spraying 2% dinitrophenylhydrazine ethyl test solution. In the chromatogram of the test product, in the corresponding position with the chromatogram of the control product, the same orange-red spots.

Medicinal herb origin

The shoots of Cinnamomum cinnamomi, family Camphoraceae.

Use and dosage

Internally: 1.5-6g in decoction, large dose, can be used up to 15-30g; or into pills, bulk.

Origin

Chinese Materia Medica, Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine