Ginger is shade-tolerant but not resistant to high temperature and strong light, and grows well in the shade of flowers. Therefore, intercropping with other crops not only improves the land utilization rate, but also provides favorable conditions for the vigorous growth of ginger, which can greatly improve the economic benefits.

(1) Wheat-ginger interplanting

Wheat-ginger interplanting is a common cultivation method in major ginger producing areas in Shandong Province. With this planting method, 25 ~ 3 kg of wheat and 2 ~ 25 kg of ginger can be harvested every 667 m2. The specific method is: sow wheat at the end of September or the beginning of October, make a flat border with a width of 1.5 ~ 1.65 meters before sowing, sow in a single row, sow 3 rows in each border with a row spacing of 5 ~ 55 cm, and sow 4 ~ 6 kg per 667 m2. In May of the following year, one row of ginger was interplanted between wheat rows and ridges, with a spacing of 18-2 cm (Figure 15).

fig. 15 schematic diagram of wheat-ginger interplanting

Dry sowing is often used in wheat field interplanting with ginger. Before sowing ginger, furrows should be dug between wheat rows and ridges with a depth of about 15 cm. Then, 5 kg of high-quality ring fertilizer, 5-75 kg of cake fertilizer and 25-5 kg of compound fertilizer should be spread in the furrows every 667 m2, and ginger seeds should be discharged in the furrows after being evenly mixed with soil. The method is the same as that of monoculture, and the soil should be covered with 4-5 cm before watering. After the wheat ripens in early June, only the ears of wheat are harvested, leaving the straw as shade for ginger. In order to prevent wheat straw from lodging and affect the shading effect, early-maturing wheat varieties with thick straw, lodging resistance, good yield and plant height of 8 ~ 85 cm should be selected. Before and after beginning of autumn, most of the wheat straw had rotted, so the rotted wheat straw could be buried in the soil by combining topdressing, watering and soil cultivation to increase the soil organic matter content. Ginger can emerge 2 ~ 25 days after sowing. It takes 3 ~ 35 days from sowing ginger to harvesting wheat, and the growth period of both is 1 ~ 15 days. Although sowing ginger may cause slight damage to the wheat root system, a large amount of fertilizer and water are applied in the ginger ditch during sowing, which supplements nutrients and water for the later growth of wheat. At this stage, ginger seedlings are very small, with weak absorption capacity, and the contradiction between competing for nutrients with wheat growth is not prominent, so a double harvest of wheat and ginger can be obtained. This interplanting method not only improves the utilization rate of land and light energy, but also gives full play to the mutually beneficial relationship between the two crops, saving labor, reducing costs and improving economic benefits.

(2) garlic and ginger interplanting

garlic and ginger interplanting is also a common cultivation method in various ginger producing areas in Shandong province. Generally, there are two ways.

the first type: planting garlic in late September, making a flat border with a width of 1.5 meters, sowing 3 rows per border, with a row spacing of 5 cm and a plant spacing of 7-8 cm. In early May of the following year, ginger was planted between rows of garlic (Figure 16).

fig. 16 schematic diagram of interplanting garlic and ginger

the second type: the width of garlic border is 1.2 meters, and each border is sown with 4 rows, which are divided into large and small rows. Large row spacing of 4 cm, small row spacing of 2 cm, and plant spacing of 1 cm. In early May of the following year, ginger was interplanted between rows (Figure 17).

fig. 17 schematic diagram of interplanting garlic and ginger

Before interplanting ginger, weeds in garlic fields should be cleared, then furrows should be opened between garlic rows and ridges, and sufficient base fertilizer should be applied (the application amount of base fertilizer is the same as that of wheat interplanting ginger). In early May, ginger should be sown by dry sowing method. In late May, some ginger has emerged, so we must pay special attention not to damage Jiang Miao when managing garlic. After harvesting garlic in the first half of June, you should always plant grass in the south (east-west) or west (north-south) of ginger to shade it.

The growth period of ginger and garlic is 3-35 days, and it is only 1-15 days from the emergence of ginger to the harvest of garlic. Garlic can provide shade for ginger during the growing period of two crops. At the same time, a large amount of base fertilizer and sufficient bottom water applied during ginger sowing provide good conditions for the vigorous growth of garlic and the full expansion of bulbs, thus ensuring high yield and high quality of the two crops. Generally, 1 ~ 15 kg of fresh garlic and 15 ~ 25 kg of ginger can be harvested every 667 m2.

(3) Intercropping between fruit trees and ginger

Young fruit trees have short trunks, large open spaces between trees and good ventilation and light transmission conditions. Taking advantage of the shade tolerance of ginger, intercropping ginger between young fruit trees can improve the land utilization rate and increase income.

The main way of intercropping between fruit trees and ginger is strip intercropping, that is, the ground with the same size as the crown is reserved to provide sufficient nutrient area for the growth and development of fruit trees. The crown diameter of 1 ~ 3-year-old fruit trees is 1.5 ~ 2m, and that of 3 ~ 5-year-old fruit trees is 2.5 ~ 3m. Before sowing ginger, furrow the fruit trees with 5 cm row spacing, apply base fertilizer and water the soles of the feet, and then sow and cover the soil without inserting grass for shade. Other management methods are the same as single work. Generally, young trees of 1 ~ 3 years old can be intercropped with 5 ~ 7 rows according to the size of trees, and fruit trees of 3 ~ 5 years old can be intercropped with 4 ~ 6 rows (Figure 18).

fig. 18 schematic diagram of intercropping between fruit trees and ginger

Because ginger is planted outside the fruit tree tray, and the fruit tree is a deep-rooted crop and the ginger is a shallow-rooted crop, there is no obvious contradiction between them in absorbing fertilizer and water. At the same time, when planting ginger, a large amount of fertilizer and water are applied to improve soil fertility, which can not only meet the needs of ginger growth, but also meet the needs of fruit tree growth and promote the growth of fruit trees.

(4) interplanting ginger and onion

The specific method of interplanting ginger and onion is: sowing onions before and after the Millennium, and ridging and transplanting at a row spacing of 6 cm when the frost falls to beginning of winter, with a ridge height of 1-15 cm, a ridge top width of 25-3 cm, and planting 2 rows per ridge with a row spacing of 2 cm. In early May of the following year, ginger was planted in onion furrows (Figure 19). The onion will be harvested in the middle and late June, when the ginger has emerged, attention should be paid to prevent Jiang Miao from being damaged, and grass should be planted in the south (east-west) or west (north-south) of the ginger ditch for shade.

fig. 19 schematic diagram of interplanting ginger and onion

The growth period of ginger and onion is about 3 days, and it takes only 1 ~ 2 days from the emergence of ginger to the harvest of onion. During the growing period of two crops, onion can provide shade for ginger, improve the surrounding environment of ginger, promote the emergence of ginger and create favorable conditions for the vigorous growth of ginger at seedling stage. At the same time, the basic fertilizer and bottom water applied during ginger sowing supplemented nutrients and water for the enrichment of onion bulbs in the later stage. According to field investigation, the yield of ginger in interplanting onion plot is basically the same as that of single crop, with an average yield of about 2 kg per 667 m2. The yield of onion is lower than that of single species, generally 2, ~ 2,5 kg per 667 m2.

(5) interplanting ginger and cucumber in plastic greenhouse

With the adjustment of planting structure and the development of high-yield and efficient agriculture, plastic greenhouse planting has become a dominant production project for farmers. The interplanting of ginger and cucumber in greenhouse not only improves the utilization efficiency of facilities, but also prolongs the growth period of ginger and increases the yield. Compared with single cropping cultivation, the economic benefits are significantly improved. The specific method of interplanting: the cucumber seedlings were bred in mid-February, and the ginger seeds were germinated and planted on March 2 (when the lowest temperature in the shed reached above 8℃). Planting ginger while planting cucumber. Cucumber is cultivated in ridges with spacing of 1 cm and 5 cm, with ridge height of 2 cm and plant spacing of 25 cm. Ginger is planted between cucumber rows with a row spacing of 5 cm and a plant spacing of 18-2 cm (Figure 2).

Fig.2 Schematic diagram of interplanting ginger and cucumber in greenhouse

Before cucumber planting, 5 kg of organic ring fertilizer and 5 ~ 75 kg of compound fertilizer were applied every 667 m2. After cucumber seedlings are delayed, furrows are opened between rows, 5-75 kg of cake fertilizer and 25-5 kg of compound fertilizer are spread in the furrows every 667 m2, and ginger seeds are discharged in the furrows after being evenly mixed with the soil, and the rest are managed as usual. After Jiang Miao came out, the cucumber had already spread, which could provide shade for Jiang Miao in the early stage. Fertilize and cultivate the soil in time after the cucumber seedlings are pulled out in early July. Generally, 75 ~ 1 kilograms of cake fertilizer and 5 kilograms of compound fertilizer are applied every 667 meters. In order to prevent the temperature from being too high, the plastic film at the lower part of the greenhouse can be uncovered and ventilated, and the plastic film at the top can be kept for shade. Cover the plastic film before first frost, so that the ginger harvest can be delayed until the middle of November. The growth period is prolonged by 3 ~ 35 days, thus greatly increasing the yield. According to the experiment of Jiang Kaichang, the interplanting of ginger and cucumber in greenhouse generally produces 36 ~ 4 kg of ginger and 5 ~ 52 kg of cucumber every 667 m2, which is more than 3% higher than that of single planting ginger in the open field.

(6) interplanting ginger and watermelon in greenhouse

The investment of ginger cultivation in greenhouse is high, because ginger germinates slowly, emerges late and has a small growth in the early stage, so the space in greenhouse cannot be fully utilized. Therefore, intercropping with watermelon can make full use of greenhouse without affecting the growth and yield of ginger, and then improve the yield per unit land area. Watermelon has low planting density, early harvest and low leaf area coefficient, which has little effect on ginger growth. Therefore, the interplanting of ginger and watermelon is a widely used interplanting mode in ginger producing areas at present.

① key points of watermelon cultivation and management. Watermelon intercropped with ginger generally chooses middle-early maturity varieties, such as Xin Jing No.1, Zhengza No.5, Black Beauty, Texiaofeng and so on. Watermelon seeding and seedling raising were carried out in greenhouse in late December. If watermelon is intercropped in greenhouse for years, grafting seedling should be carried out to prevent Fusarium wilt. Seedlings can be planted after growing 3 ~ 4 leaves. Before watermelon planting, you should dig a high-yield ditch with a width of 6 cm and a depth of 3 ~ 4 cm, with a spacing of about 4 meters. Fill the ditch with enough fertilizer and mix well with soil. Generally, 1, kg of high-quality decomposed manure, 1 kg of bean cake and 5 kg of compound fertilizer should be applied every 667 meters, and it will be practical after covering. Then make a turtle back bed or ridge, or make a large and small bed (Figure 21). Plant two rows of watermelons in the ditch with a spacing of 5 cm, with a spacing of 5 cm. The planting time of watermelon depends on the coverage. If only one layer of plastic film is covered in the greenhouse, it is usually planted in the middle and late March, and it can be covered with ginger after planting. If a small arch shed is built in the greenhouse, the plastic film is covered in the shed, and the grass is covered on the small arch shed, it can be planted at the end of February.

fig. 21 schematic diagram of interplanting ginger and watermelon in greenhouse

Strengthen temperature, fertilizer and water management after watermelon planting. Before delaying seedling, the temperature should be controlled at 28 ~ 32℃ during the day and not lower than 18℃ at night; After slow seeding, the temperature is controlled at 25 ~ 28℃ during the day and not lower than 15℃ at night; The flowering and fruiting period is 3 ~ 32℃ during the day and 15 ~ 18℃ at night. The management of water and fertilizer should be based on the soil conditions and growth characteristics. Generally, water should be poured after seedling slowing, and then the ground should be kept dry and wet, and the vine fertilizer should be urged when the vines are thrown. Generally, 15g urea should be applied to each watermelon, and the water should be controlled when the buds appear. After the fruits are set, the swollen melon fertilizer should be applied, and 25g compound fertilizer should be applied to each watermelon. Then, water should be poured to keep the ground wet, and watering should be controlled after the watermelons are set.

Watermelon in greenhouse is generally pruned with three vines and two melons, that is, two lateral vines are selected from the base of the main vine on the premise of keeping the growth of the main vine, and one melon is left on the lateral vine after the fruit of the main vine is fixed. However, it should be noted that the second female flower should be left in the melon. In order to promote fruit setting, artificial pollination must be carried out before 9 am on the day of flowering.

② Key points of cultivation and management of ginger. After the ginger is germinated, you can first dig a hole in the middle of watermelon rows to sow one row of ginger, then dig a hole or sow other ginger at a spacing of about 65 cm. After the ginger is sown, spray herbicide and cover with plastic film. Be careful not to spray herbicides on watermelon seedlings to prevent phytotoxicity. If the ginger is sown late, the plastic film can also be left uncovered. Before the first watermelon was fixed, the field management focused on watermelon, and after the first watermelon was harvested, its management focus shifted to ginger.

(7) interplanting ginger and potato in greenhouse

Early-maturing varieties such as Luyin No.1, Jinyin No.8 and Dongnong 33 should be selected for interplanting potato and ginger in greenhouse in early spring. Generally, potatoes covered with plastic film in greenhouses can be sown in early February. Cut into pieces about 2 days before sowing, soak them in .5 mg/kg gibberellin for 15 minutes, take them out, air dry and accelerate germination. When the bud is about 2 cm long, put it in weak light for 2 ~ 3 days, and then sow. When potatoes are sown, a shallow ditch with a depth of 5 cm is first opened at a row spacing of 6 cm. After watering in the ditch, potato pieces with buds are placed in the ditch at a plant spacing of about 22 cm, and then covered with soil. After sowing, spray 48% trifluralin EC (21 ~ 15 ml per 667 m) or 48% dinoramine EC (22 ml per 667 m) to control weeds, and cover with plastic film after mixing soil for 2 ~ 3 cm. For about 3 ~ 4 days, after the potatoes emerge, sow ginger in the potato ditch and then water it (Figure 22).

fig. 22 schematic diagram of interplanting ginger and potato in greenhouse

During the growth of potato, watering can be combined at the seedling stage and flowering stage, and about 2kg of compound fertilizer can be applied every 667m2 along the river. Keep the ground moist after the emergence of potatoes, control watering when the buds appear, and water after topdressing potato fertilizer when flowering, and always keep the ground moist. Around the first ten days of May, the harvest time of potatoes can be decided according to the market and potato growth. The technical measures of sowing management of ginger are basically the same as those of pure ginger field. The sprouted ginger is sown between potato rows in mid-March. If there is plastic film, it can be cut with a knife and opened to both sides. Then, 1 kilograms of cake fertilizer and 5 kilograms of compound fertilizer are applied in the ditch every 667 square meters, lightly planed, and after the fertilizer and soil are evenly mixed, ditching is carried out, and ginger is planted at a spacing of about 18 cm, covered with soil, watered, and the plastic film is pressed. The management of ginger is the same as that of pure ginger field, and potato is the key point of management before potato harvest. After potato harvest, the management of ginger is the same as that of pure ginger in greenhouse.

(8) interplanting ginger with dwarf kidney beans in greenhouse

There are many vegetables that can be planted in greenhouse in early spring, and they can all be interplanted with ginger. It is best to choose vegetables with strong cold tolerance, short plants and short growth period. Therefore, cabbage, cauliflower and dwarf kidney bean can be interplanted with ginger in early spring, and the interplanting mode is basically the same as that of potato. Taking dwarf kidney beans as an example, this paper briefly describes the management techniques of interplanting vegetables with ginger.

① Short kidney beans should be transplanted in early spring. In order to facilitate planting, the planting period of early spring vegetables should be the same as the sowing date of ginger. Kidney beans can be raised in nutrient pots in the greenhouse in late February, with 3-4 seeds planted in each pot, and can be planted when the first true leaf of the seedling is unfolded.

② First, ditch, fertilize, ridge and sow ginger, then dig holes and plant kidney bean seedlings. Ditching, fertilizing and ridging according to the row spacing of 65 cm, and the fertilization method, method and dosage are the same as those of pure ginger in greenhouse. After planting ginger at a spacing of 18-2 cm, dig holes on the ridge at a spacing of about 3 cm, plant kidney beans, then cover with plastic film and pour water through the furrows.

③ field management. Before bean harvesting, bean management should be given priority to, and ginger management should be the focus at the later stage of harvesting. The pods can be removed, leaving only the stems and leaves of kidney beans to provide shade for ginger. The management technology of ginger is the same as that of ginger cultivation in greenhouse.