China is distributed in northeast, north, east, south and southwest provinces. Most of them are born in fields, wasteland, roadsides and hillsides at an altitude of 50-3 200 meters. Japan, India, North Korea, Myanmar, Pakistan, Vietnam, Philippines, Malaysia, Oceania and Africa are also distributed.
Can be used as feed; It is also a raw material for textile or papermaking; It is also often used as the oil loquat seed of local oil; It can also be used as a sand-fixing plant.
(Overview reference: China Plant Image Library)
Basic introduction Chinese name: Pennisetum? Springer. Nicknames: dog tail grass, paparazzi tail, mouse wolf, Kingdom of Cao Rui: Plant kingdom: Angiosperm class: Monocotyledon class: Gramineae suborder: Caulis Spatholobi subfamily: Gramineae subfamily: Millet genus: Pennisetum name and year: (L.) Spreng, 1956 Morphological characteristics, growth habits, habitats, reproduction methods. Thick fibrous roots. Culms erect, tufted, 30- 120 cm tall, densely pilose under inflorescence. Leaf sheaths are smooth, both sides are flat, and the main veins are ridged, spanning at the base and longer than the internodes at the upper part of the culm; Ligule ciliate, about 2.5 mm long; Leaf blade linear, length 10-80 cm, width 3-8 mm, long cone at the top and verrucous hairs at the base. Panicle erect, 5-25 cm long and 1.5-3.5 cm wide; Spindle densely pilose; The total length of the stem is 2-3(-5) mm; The bristles are rough, light green or purple, and are1.5-3cm long; Spikelets are usually solitary, occasionally twin, linear-lanceolate, 5-8 mm long; The first glume is tiny or missing, long 1-3 mm, membranous, blunt at the top, with inconspicuous veins or 1 vein; The second glume is ovate-lanceolate, with a short apex, 3-5 veins and a length of about 1/3-2/3. The first floret is neutral, the first lemma is as long as the spikelet, with 7- 1 1 pulse; The second lemma is as long as spikelet, lanceolate, with 5-7 veins, and the edge is surrounded by homogeneous lemma; Paddle 2, wedge-shaped; Stamens 3, anther tips glabrous; Unified style foundation. Dianthus is rectangular and about 3.5 mm long. The cell structure of leaf epidermis is different from that of upper epidermis. Intercellular cells 2-4 in the upper epidermis are long cylindrical, wavy and thin-walled cells; Intervein 5-9 of the lower epidermis is long columnar, thick-walled, and wavy long cells and short cells are alternately arranged. Growth habit Pennisetum likes the growth environment with sufficient light, which is drought-resistant, moisture-resistant, semi-cloudy and cold-resistant. Suitable for warm and humid climate conditions, when the temperature reaches above 20 degrees, the growth rate is accelerated. Drought resistance, lodging resistance, no pests and diseases. China is distributed in northeast, north, east, south and southwest provinces. Japan, India, North Korea, Myanmar, Pakistan, Vietnam, Philippines, Malaysia, Oceania and Africa are also distributed. Most of them are born in fields, wasteland, roadsides and hillsides at an altitude of 50-3200m. The breeding method is seed breeding. Because the seeds are small and the young buds have poor ability to top the soil, the quality of land preparation has a great influence on their emergence. Therefore, the soil preparation should be fine, which is conducive to seedling emergence. When the temperature reaches 15℃, it is suitable for sowing. Sowing in China and Hungary in May and postponing the sowing date to the end of June can also obtain higher grass yield. Proper soil moisture should be mastered when sowing, and the depth of covering soil after sowing is about 1.5 cm. Seedling can emerge 5-6 days after sowing. The cultivation technique of transplanting Pennisetum is usually drilling, the sowing amount per mu is 0.7- 1.0 kg, and the row spacing is 50 cm. Seedlings can also be transplanted to the field when they grow to 5-6 leaves. The transplanting density is 4000-5000 plants per mu. The row spacing is 45cm, and the plant spacing is 20-25cm. In order to prevent the harm of underground pests such as ants to seeds or seedlings, seeds need to be dressed with pesticides or toxic soil. Pennisetum grows slowly at seedling stage and is often easily invaded by weeds, so intertillage should be done twice in time to promote early tillering. Once you start tillering, you can grow quickly. We should strive for the whole seedling at the seedling stage and irrigate it in time in case of drought. Fertilized Pennisetum is a forage grass that needs more fertilizer, and its production potential can only be exerted under high fertilization conditions. Generally, high-quality organic fertilizer 1500 kg is used per mu, calcium superphosphate 15-20 kg is used as base fertilizer for phosphorus-deficient soil, and topdressing is performed once after mowing each time, and 5 kg of urea (or other nitrogen fertilizers and human and animal manure) is used per mu. Cutting and utilization: when using green feed, it is usually cut after jointing, and the cutting height depends on the feeding object. Fish, rabbits, geese (or pigs) are almost all leaves when they are fed 70-80 cm; When raising cattle and sheep, the plant height is generally 1- 1.3m, and the stubble height after mowing is 10- 15cm, so it is forbidden to cut flat, otherwise the growth will be affected. If the stubble is too high, the weak growth of branches from node buds will also affect the yield. Don't mow the grass in rainy days, otherwise it will cause serious shortage of plants and reduce production. Silage is mowed after heading, and the production method is the same as that of corn. Because of its good growth, Pennisetum has no pests and diseases. The main hazard of hazard control is to compete with agricultural products for water, nutrients and light energy. Weeds have developed roots, strong ability to absorb soil moisture and nutrients, and strong growth advantages. The consumption of water and fertilizer often exceeds the consumption of crop growth. Weeds have a strong growth advantage, and their plant height is often higher than that of crops, which affects the utilization of light energy and photosynthesis of crops and interferes with and limits the growth of crops. Increase management labor and production costs. Weed-ridden farmland consumes a lot of labor, and at the same time, it increases the production cost because of the large amount of labor. Control measures physical weeding. The most common method is to cover with plastic film to increase the surface temperature of plastic film and soil, scald weed seedlings or inhibit weed growth. Soil farming. Using plows, harrows, cultivators and other farm tools at different times and seasons can kill weeds. Main value: sweet and flat. Indications: clearing lung-heat, relieving cough, cooling blood and improving eyesight. Used for cough due to lung heat, hemoptysis, red eyes, swelling and pain, carbuncle, swelling and sore. 1. Classified medicinal materials: treating sores and relieving cough, dredging collaterals and dispelling cold. 2. Records of Sichuan Traditional Chinese Medicine: Clearing lung and relieving cough, dredging collaterals and treating sores. Whole grass and roots (Pennisetum): sweet and flat. Improving eyesight and promoting blood circulation. Used for red eyes and swelling and pain. Root: Gan, Ping. Clearing lung, relieving cough and detoxifying. Used for cough due to lung heat, hemoptysis and sore poison. Pennisetum, a fresh grass, is rich in crude fat, crude protein, crude fiber, nitrogen-free extract and ash. It is a high-grade forage and is deeply loved by cattle, sheep, rabbits, geese, fish and other animals. Because of its advantages of drought resistance, salt tolerance, moisture resistance, no disease, lax requirements for soil conditions and rapid growth, it is widely cultivated in southern provinces such as Guangdong, Fujian, Guangxi, Hainan and Zhejiang, and is a good feed source for herbivores and fish. Other Pennisetum is a raw material for textile or paper making; It is also often used as the oil loquat seed of local oil; It can also be used as a sand-fixing plant. Plant culture "rambling grass is on the plain, coming and going with each season." Wildfire never completely devoured them, and they grew taller again in the spring breeze. " This poem by Bai Juyi is well known. It describes the law that weeds grow in autumn and flourish in spring. However, as long as there is a little root, regardless of the relentless burning of fire, once the spring breeze turns into rain, it will sprout again in the coming year and spread rapidly in vilen, which shows that weeds have tenacious vitality.