Symptoms of baby's rickets, every parent wants his baby to grow up healthily and happily, but some babies will suffer from rickets, which has certain symptoms. Parents must pay more attention and share the symptoms of baby's rickets now.
Symptoms of baby rickets 1 1. Mental and neurological symptoms
Sweating, night terrors, crying, etc. Hyperhidrosis has nothing to do with the climate. Because of the stimulation of sweat, children often rub their pillows, resulting in occipital baldness or annular alopecia.
Second, the bone iliac performance
1, head
(1) Osteomalacia of skull: It is an early manifestation of rickets, which is more common in infants from March to June.
(2) skull deformity: "square skull", "saddle head" or "crosshead"
(3) The anterior fontanel is large and closed late, but it can be closed as late as 2-3 years old.
(4) Teeth are late, which can be delayed until 1 year old, or until 3 years old. In severe cases, the teeth are unevenly arranged and the enamel is underdeveloped.
2. Chest
(1) Beads in ribs.
(2) Thoracic deformity: chicken breast; Funnel chest.
3, limbs and spine
(1) Wrist and ankle are swollen, forming "bracelets" and "anklets" of rickets.
(2) Deformed "O" legs (genu varus) or "X" legs (genu valgus) of lower limbs.
(3) Spinal curvature: there may be scoliosis or kyphosis, and pelvic deformity (hip valgus) can also be seen in severe cases. Severe female children may have dystocia due to pelvic deformity in adulthood.
Third, other performances
Looking up, sitting, standing and walking are late, joints are slack and overstretched, cerebral cortex function is abnormal, conditioned reflex is slow to form, language development is backward, and anemia occurs.
Four, children rickets and other diseases.
1, Chondrodystrophy: It is a hereditary cartilage development disorder, with short limbs, big head, protruding forehead, lumbar lordosis and kyphosis at birth. According to the special' posture (short-legged short stature) and bone X-ray to make a diagnosis.
2, blood phosphorus antibiotic D rickets: this disease is mostly sex-linked inheritance, but also autosomal dominant or recessive inheritance, and there are sporadic cases. It is caused by the primary defects of renal tubular reabsorption of phosphorus and intestinal absorption of phosphorus. The symptoms of rickets mostly occur after 1 year, so there are still active rickets after 2 ~ 3 years old; Blood calcium is normal, blood phosphorus is obviously decreased, and urine phosphorus is increased. When the general therapeutic dose of vitamin D is ineffective in treating rickets, it should be differentiated from this disease (YIqiG. Cn)。
3. Distal renal tubular acidosis: insufficient hydrogen secretion from the distal convoluted tubule, loss of a large amount of sodium, potassium and calcium from urine, secondary hyperparathyroidism, decalcification of bone and signs of rickets. The child has obvious skeletal deformity, short stature, metabolic acidosis, polyuria and alkaline urine. Besides hypocalcemia and hypophosphatemia, blood potassium is also low, blood ammonia is high, and there are often symptoms of hypocalcemia.
4. Vitamin D-dependent rickets: autosomal recessive inheritance, which can be divided into two types: 1 type is kidney 1- hydroxylase deficiency, which causes 25-OH-D3 to change into 1, 25-OH2-D3 to be impaired, and the blood concentration of 25-OH-D3 is normal; Type 2 is a target organ receptor defect, and the concentration of 1 and 25-OH2-D3 in blood is increased. Both types have severe clinical signs of rickets, hypocalcemia, hypophosphatemia, significantly increased alkaline phosphatase and secondary hyperparathyroidism, and children with type 1 may have hyperamino aciduria; An important feature of children with type 2 is alopecia.
5. Renal rickets: Chronic renal dysfunction caused by congenital or acquired reasons leads to disorder of calcium and phosphorus metabolism, low blood calcium and high blood phosphorus, secondary hyperparathyroidism, general decalcification of bones and rickets changes of bones. More than children's late symptoms gradually become obvious, forming a dwarf state.
Symptoms of baby rickets 2 First, the early stage of rickets
In the early stage of rickets, due to the decrease of blood calcium, nonspecific nerve excitability is increased, which is characterized by irritability, night terrors, night crying, sweating, irritability and loss of appetite. Some infants may have hypocalcemic tetany, laryngeal spasm or even convulsions. At this time, pillow baldness, skull softening and beading changes may appear slightly.
Second, rickets shock period
During the acute stage of rickets, the blood calcium and phosphorus of children decreased significantly, and the blood alkaline phosphatase increased significantly. This causes parathyroid regulation, compensatory increase of blood calcium and a large amount of phosphorus discharged from urine, which causes the original bone to dissolve calcium and "soften".
At this stage of rickets, obvious beading, Hao's sulcus and bracelets can be seen, and long bones appear "O" or "X" legs due to calcium dissolution. The flat bones are abnormal and have a sense of skull softening-table tennis, occipital baldness, square skull and delayed fontanel closure, as well as kyphosis and lateral processes. In addition, there are changes in blood, urine and X-ray films. The above symptoms and signs can be alleviated or partially disappeared after treatment, which is called recovery period.
Third, the severe stage of rickets
When rickets is serious, not only skeletal deformity will occur, but also growth and development stagnation, anemia, decreased immune disease resistance, prolonged illness and high mortality. In addition, intellectual development usually lags behind normal children of the same age.
Symptoms of baby rickets 3 First, the symptoms of baby rickets
1, initial stage: most patients begin to get sick from about 3 months. In this stage, the main symptoms are mental and neurological symptoms. Children have the phenomena of restless sleep, crying and sweating easily. After sweating, the scalp itches and rubs their heads on the pillow, resulting in baldness on the pillow.
2. Agitation period: In addition to the initial symptoms, children are mainly characterized by skeletal changes and motor retardation. When you press your finger on the occipital bone and parietal bone of children aged 3-6 months, you feel the skull invaginate and relax and bounce back, which is called table tennis sign.
Children over 8 ~ 9 months old often have a square skull, with large anterior fontanel and delayed closure. In severe cases, the anterior fontanel is not closed at 18 months. The junction of ribs and costal cartilage on both sides expands like beads, which is called costal beading. The middle part of the sternum protrudes forward like a "chicken breast", or sinks into a "funnel chest", and the lower edge of the chest turns outwards into a "rib edge valgus"; Spinal kyphosis and lateral process; Children's legs that can stand and walk will form inward or outward bending deformity, that is, "O" or "X" legs.
The muscles and ligaments of the children are flabby, which makes the abdomen swell because of the weakness of the abdominal muscles. When lying flat, it is a "frog-shaped abdomen". Because of the weakness of the muscles of the limbs, it is late to learn to sit, stand and walk, and it is easy to fall because of the weakness of the legs. Teeth are late, teeth are irregular, and dental caries are prone to occur. Cerebral cortex function is abnormal, conditioned reflex is slow to form, children's expression is indifferent, language development is slow, immunity is low, and infection and anemia are easy to occur.
3. Recovery period: After certain treatment, all kinds of clinical manifestations disappeared, muscle tension recovered, blood biochemical changes and X-ray manifestations also returned to normal.
4. Sequela period: it is more common in children after 3 years old. After treatment or natural recovery, the clinical symptoms disappear, and only severe rickets leaves skeletal deformities in different parts and degrees.
Second, the method of preventing rickets
1, comprehensive measures should be taken to prevent rickets, such as reasonable feeding, strengthening physical exercise and getting more sunshine. One of the most effective and simple methods is the sunshine bath. Moderate ultraviolet rays can not only make the skin produce vitamin D, help children absorb calcium and phosphorus, make bones grow strong, but also activate the whole body function, stimulate bone marrow to produce red blood cells and prevent anemia.
At the same time, ultraviolet rays also have sterilization and disinfection effects. The best time to bask in the sun every day is after 9 am and before 4-5 pm. Not less than 2 hours a day. Summer should be under the shade of trees, avoiding direct sunlight. But don't bask through the glass, because glass, smoke and clothes can block ultraviolet rays from passing through, so when you receive sunlight, try to expose your skin to the sun as much as possible.
2. The prevention of rickets should start from the perinatal period, focusing on children under one year old, and should be systematically managed until the age of three, that is, "grasping early, grasping small and grasping thoroughly". Extensive publicity and education should be carried out to enable mothers to learn relevant knowledge. Strengthen nursing in neonatal period, advocate breastfeeding and start sunbathing as soon as possible.
Expose your skin as much as possible and gradually increase your time in the sun. The average daily outdoor activities should be more than one hour. For weak children or in winter and spring, vitamin D prevention is still an important method.
3. Late onset rickets can occur from childhood to adolescence. Those who are often prone to fatigue, fatigue, leg weakness, leg pain and joint pain without other reasons should be further examined and prevented. The prevention method and dosage of VD are the same as those in early childhood. In the application of VD prevention, breast-fed children generally do not need to give additional calcium. However, for infants weaned after 6 months, artificial feeding, low appetite, excessive growth, adolescent children or those with acute and chronic diseases can be supplemented with appropriate calcium.