Figure: oil tea tree planting
One, oil tea tree planting methods
1. Seedling cultivation: the main bud rootstock grafting is based on the common oil tea live buds as rootstock, 35 to 45 days before grafting after seed soaking, that is, sown in the sandy bed or nutrient soil, about 3cm deep, covered with sand and then slightly compressed, the sand thickness of 1Ocm or so, the sand is too thin seedling stems early out of the ground! Thin aging, grafting is not favorable. To be seedlings out of the sand (soil) 2 ~ 3 leaves when grafting. Bud seedling anvil grafting generally use split grafting method, the program is as follows: first of all, the sand bed in the bare root of the seedling out of the wash, covered with a wet cloth on the indoor operating table (table) on the standby. The second step is to use a razor blade (single-sided blade) in the shoots above the 1 ~ 1.5cm cut off, then split from the rootstock in the center of the medulla oblongata, the opening of 1cm or so, the embryonic root retained 5-6cm, excise the excess. The third step of the anvil, that is, with a caliber slightly larger than the diameter of the rootstock thin aluminum (or toothpaste skin) will be set on the rootstock. First cut about 3cm long, about 1cm wide thin aluminum sheet made into a cylinder (caliber can be large or small), easy to set the anvil. The fourth step is to cut the scion, in the lower end of the scion from the petiole 1 ~ 2cm on both sides, each cut 1 15 degrees, about 1cm long double oblique wedge, and then from the petiole above the 2 ~ 3mm cut off, into 1 bud 1 leaf scion. Set in water to be used. Finally, the cut scion inserted into the cutting of the rootstock, the petiole side of the cortex should be aligned, the sleeve will be gently lifted and pinched to make the rootstock tightly connected.
Figure: oil tea tree planting
2. land preparation: oil tea is not strict on the requirements of afforestation land, but in order to high-yield and stable yield, afforestation land is suitable for choosing deep soil (soil thickness of more than 60cm, at least more than 40cm,), well-drained, good fertility, wet, permeability, slightly acidic (pH range: 5.5-6.5) sandy loam, light clay loam, sandy loam, light clay loam, light clay loam, light clay loam, light clay loam. loam, light clay loam, (limestone hills cannot be planted). However, try to avoid planting in sandy soil that does not retain water and poorly drained land with high sand content on the mountain tops, and to prepare the land in the fall and winter of the year before afforestation.
3. Afforestation: planting seedlings for afforestation in winter and spring, to spring is good. The main points are: topsoil into the hole, hole soil fine, where possible, before planting in the hole put some organic fertilizer or soil fertilizer. Seedling stem square, slightly deep planting, root system stretching, layered tread tightly, so that the root soil close connection, covered with loose soil. The depth of planting of annual seedlings is 1cm from the top of the grafted mouth of the oil tea seedlings.
Figure: oil tea tree planting
Two, oil tea tree planting management technology
1. loosening and weeding: the year of afforestation, loosening and weeding 1 time, and then loosening and weeding 2 times a year, the first time in May-June, the second time in late August-September in different areas vary. The surface of the ground is hot in the day of three volts, it is not suitable for loosening the soil and weeding. Loosen the soil depth, generally 3 to 5cm is appropriate. Silviculture should be shallow that year, and then deepened year by year; young trees pocket edge should be shallow, outward can gradually deepen; loamy soil should be shallow, clay soil should be deep.
2. Fertilization of young forests: the woodland with sufficient base fertilizer, the first year do not fertilize again. Fertilization twice a year, winter application of late-acting fertilizer, such as fire ash or other rotting organic fertilizer; spring application of fast-acting fertilizer, such as urea. Early spring is better than summer and autumn, the amount of fertilizer per plant a year should not exceed 25 grams, it is best to apply multiple times, each time the amount of fertilizer per plant does not exceed 10 grams. Methods such as spreading and ring furrow application. Spreading is to spread the fertilizer evenly around the crown, combined with plowing turned into the soil; ring ditch, that is, in the outer edge of the crown, digging the width and depth of each 20-30cm round or semi-circular ditch into the application.
Figure: oil tea tree planting
3. young tree shaping: oil tea young tree shaping method in two steps: the first is to raise the stem. After afforestation within the first 1 to 2 years, the top bud sprouting spring tips, should be retained in all, so that it quickly form the main stem; the second step is shaping. The main trunk height of 60cm in the main trunk around the selection of 3-4 strong main branches, the number of secondary branches on each main branch, to the size of the tree and the distance between the two main branches. The most suitable time for pruning is early spring. After pruning, remove the buds in time. The young tree pruning should be light and not heavy.
4. Woodland intercropping: in the young woodland intercropping short harvest crops, medicinal herbs, green manure, etc., in order to cultivate instead of caressing, conducive to the growth of oil tea and short-term harvest, improve economic efficiency. Interplanting crop species selection, are not competing with the oil tea light, fertilizer, water as a principle, intercropping requirements to leave 1 square meter area to the oil tea tree. The oil tea woodland is suitable for interplanting peanuts, beans and other crops and some green fertilizer plants, but not the selection of high stalks, vines and dry season water-consuming crops.
Figure: oil tea tree planting
5. Harvesting: harvesting fruit is the oil tea budding period, it is strictly prohibited to take the fruit. Fruit retrieval, stacking time shall not exceed 5-6 days, to spread the sun, turning several times a day, to promote fruit cracking, will be clean of debris, collect the seeds into the warehouse to be squeezed.
Conclusion of the editorial oil tea tree likes a warm environment, intolerant of cold, in the process of planting and maintenance also need to do a good job of cold and frost protection measures. The above article introduces the oil tea tree planting methods and management technology points, we have learned?
Content source: the first agricultural economics
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