Fruit corn is a kind of super-sweet corn suitable for raw food, the green stick stage of thin skin, juicy, crispy and sweet, can be directly eaten raw, the following is my carefully organized for you to take a look at the planting methods of fruit corn.
Fruit corn planting methods
1 Seed selection
Seed selection is first to choose excellent varieties suitable for local planting. At present, there are more varieties of fruit corn, including Golden Sweet No. 2, Golden Crisp Sweet, Black Dai Tian, Green Superman, Super Sweet 2008, Nicole Fragrance, Gao Pin Le, Flavored Komei and other varieties. Fruit corn varieties should be selected from a fixed seed source, reliable units for seed purchase, seed should be introduced to a small area of trial planting, to gain experience before planting a large area. In addition, seed selection should also be based on the purpose of production, choose the type of varieties. Such as young cob as fruit and vegetables listed as the main, should be selected with super-sweet corn varieties; to do canned products as the main, should be selected with ordinary sweet corn varieties. In addition, attention should also be paid to early, medium and late-maturing varieties with planting, successive listing, thereby improving economic efficiency.
2 isolated planting
In order to ensure that the edible quality of fruit corn, in the selection of planting, to be strictly isolated from other common corn varieties, in order to avoid lowering the quality of pollen due to mutual crosstalk. Isolation method production using space isolation and time isolation. Spatial isolation is good. Spatial segregation, the requirements in the planting area within the periphery of 300 to 400m without planting other corn varieties, such as forests, hills and other natural barriers, can be appropriately shortened segregation spacing. Time segregation, if you can not carry out spatial segregation, you should take the time segregation (staggered sowing period) method to avoid meeting with other varieties of flowering, 2 different varieties of sowing period interval is generally 20 ~ 25 days. Such as large areas into pieces of sweet corn, can be appropriate to reduce the isolation standard. In short, in order not to make the two types of corn pollen encounter for the principle.
3 Fine ground preparation
As fruit corn seeds are generally more deflated seeds, small grains, germination, arching soil, seedling emergence is more difficult than ordinary corn seeds, so it is necessary to fine nursery, in planting, fine ground preparation, choose loose soil, fertile soil, drainage and irrigation of convenient plots of land. After the harvest of the previous crop, timely ploughing 20 ~ 30cm, combined with ploughing to apply sufficient base fertilizer, generally per 667m2 organic fertilizer 1000 ~ 1500kg, calcium superphosphate 30 ~ 40kg, potassium sulphate 20kg, zinc sulphate 1 ~ 1.50kg or maize special fertilizer 20kg as base fertilizer.
4 Seed treatment
Do a good job of seed treatment, including seed selection, seed soaking and seed germination. Due to the high sugar content of fruit corn, the seeds in the soil are susceptible to underground pest feeding hazards, resulting in seedling deficiency. Therefore, it is best to take the way of seed germination for sowing. The main thing is to select full and robust seeds, first soaked in water for 24 hours, and then 50% carbendazim or 75% Tobramycin 500 times liquid seed soaking 2 to 3 hours, fished out and cleaned, dry control germination. The process of germination is to put the seeds in a container covered with dry linen, spray the appropriate amount of hot water 40 ~ 50 ℃ on the surface of the seeds, covered with a wet cloth, at a temperature of 25 ~ 28 ℃, 24 hours after the buds can come out of the flush. If the outside temperature is low, warming measures should be taken to promote seed germination. Bud to dew white is good, should not be too long.
5 scientific fertilization
Because the sweet corn harvest period is earlier than ordinary corn, it is necessary to do sufficient bottom fertilizer, reasonable fertilizer ratios, on the basis of 2000 kg of rotted organic fertilizer per acre, it is recommended that acres of ternary composite fertilizer (N, P, K, each 15) 15 to 20 kg of bottom fertilizer, in order to ensure that the sweet corn on the demand for nutrients. Fertilization of corn should be determined according to the indicators of fertilizer requirement, soil nutrient supply, fertilizer utilization rate and planned yield. In the period of nodulation, the period of tasseling and flowering and the period of irrigation, each of which is a supplementary fertilizer.
6 field management
The main technical measures of field management are: one is to check the field to replenish seedlings. When the fruit corn grows to 3-4 leaf period, between the seedlings and seedlings to fill the gap, seedlings should be moved with soil, planted that is watering, preferably in the evening or cloudy days. Secondly, the leaf stage is set, leaving 1 plant per hole, and combined with fertilizer mid-tillage weed control. The nodulation period to the big trumpet period before the soil (weeding). Third, reasonable drainage and irrigation, soil moisture in the seedling period in the water holding capacity of 50% -60%, without irrigation. Soil moisture should be maintained at 70% of the water holding capacity after nodulation. Fourth, in addition to tiller pitchfork, fruit corn more than tiller, branching characteristics, in order to ensure that the cob yield and grade, should be early in addition to tiller pitchfork, try to avoid damage to the main stem and leaves.
7 pest control
Fruit corn plants are sweeter than ordinary corn, it is very easy to attract corn borers, golden turtles, aphids and other pests, so it is necessary to grasp the seedling pests and mid- and late-stage corn borer control. In order to prevent food poisoning, pesticides should be used cautiously in the middle and late stages, and biological pest control should be used after pollination to minimize the use of chemical pesticides and never use highly toxic and highly toxic pesticides with long residual periods. Control of underground pests, per mu with 3% Mirel granules 5 kg, mixed with fine sand in the sowing ditch sprinkling; control of corn borer can be inoculated with ruderalis egg masses in the trumpet period, with bacillus stem borer, white stunt powder, etc. Irrigation of the heart and leaves. Pharmaceutical control in the male before the pumping, leaf rate of 10% for the control of the appropriate period, the available 80% dichlorvos emulsion 2500 ~ 3000 times liquid, 10-15ml per plant irrigation heart, the control effect of more than 85%, and can be used to treat corn thrips. With pyrethroid pesticides made of poisonous soil or diluted liquid irrigation heart, the effect is also a more ideal way.
8 Timely treatment and harvest
8.1 Timely treatment
Artificial pollination during the pollination period can make the grain full, if the pollination period encountered continuous cloudy and rainy, it is more important to strengthen the artificial pollination. In order to reduce the consumption of nutrients, at the end of pollination, can be cut off all the male spikes.
When most of the sweet corn into the tassel period, there will be a plant more spike phenomenon, not timely removal will lead to the spike is not big and stunted, affecting the commercial value, timely and appropriate stripping of excess spikelets has become a key measure to improve the yield and commercial quality of the cob.
8.2 Timely Harvest
Sweet corn's optimal harvesting period: when the corn cob in the spit 22-25 days after the highest sugar content, the skin is the thinnest, the most suitable for harvesting. Too early, too late harvest, will affect the quality and flavor of sweet corn. At the same time, sweet corn processing for sale, it is appropriate to steam with water, do not boil, so as not to sweet corn quality decline.
Fruit corn planting skills
(a) soil selection planting ordinary corn can be cultivated, but also with wheat, rape and other intercropping sets, the soil requirements are more fertile, drainage and irrigation is convenient.
(ii) fertilization mu of rotted farmyard manure 1500 to 2000 kg, 40 kg of calcium superphosphate, ammonium carbonate or urea 20 kg as a base fertilizer, in the plucking and flowering of the timely fertilizer.
(C) sowing seedlings super sweet corn because of its varieties of genetics, germination rate of only 70%, in order to ensure that the whole seedling, it is best to use the nutrient soil block or nutrient mantle seedling, 2 to 3 leaves when transplanted. The amount of seed used per mu is: 2 kg for direct seeding and 1 kg for seedling. Mu keep about 3500 seedlings, plant spacing 20-30 cm, row spacing 75-100 cm. Sowing period: Sichuan Basin about the first half of April, spring planting 5 cm ground temperature 1l ℃, can be open-air live or transplanting; summer and fall planting May ~ early July sowing, other areas according to the local planting season arrangements for sowing.
(D) isolation in order to ensure the characteristics of super sweet corn, not only can not be mixed with ordinary corn, but also with the planting of other varieties of corn land distance of 1000 meters, but also staggered sowing period, so that the flowering period is not encountered to achieve the purpose of isolation. Staggered sowing time spring 40 days, summer and fall 20 days.
(E) management of the variety is more special, branching more, should be selected to stay the most robust a side branch knot corn cob, the rest of all clear. In the flowering period should be artificially assisted pollination, the method is to shake the corn plant, plants collide with each other, pollen fall can be. After fertilization or when the day is early need to water in time, especially half a month before flowering, to keep the soil moist.
(F) disease, insect, rodent control and prevention of the main control of the corn borer, the most effective way is to put people in the trumpet period before the flowering of 300 times phoxim mixed with soil granules to prevent; prevention of rodents eating cobs, in the field to place the rodenticide can be.
(VII) harvesting female spike spitting pollination 22 ~ 25 days after the harvest of young fruit spike, late harvest will significantly reduce the sugar content. After harvesting should be days on the market for sale or peel off the bracts, boiling 12 to 15 minutes after taking out and draining, sales or wrapped in plastic wrap, into the freezer, can be stored for 3 to 6 months.