Cause of illness
First, environmental pollution, these pollution sources mainly come from the volatilization of benzene-containing paint in building construction and indoor decoration, household gas, automobile exhaust, cigarette smoke, gasoline, hair dye (including aniline) and so on; Second, drugs such as chloramphenicol and phenylbutazone, as well as alkylating agents used for cancer treatment can also cause leukemia; Third, large or repeated exposure to radiation can also lead to leukemia. Leukemia is also related to viruses and genetic factors.
Precursors of disease
Anemia is often the first symptom of leukemia, and fever is the early manifestation of more than half of patients. When they have a fever, they often have symptoms such as stuffy nose, runny nose, cough and expectoration. Also pay attention to some painless swelling with unknown reasons. Most leukemia patients have swollen lymph nodes in submaxillary, neck, clavicle, armpit and groin, and often have no obvious pain. Unilateral painless testicular enlargement. Some patients feel discomfort and pain in the right upper abdominal liver area and the left upper abdominal spleen area. In addition, nearly 40% of leukemia patients take bleeding as the early manifestation, which is common in unknown skin ecchymosis, mouth and nose gingival bleeding, menorrhagia and so on. Headache, nausea, vomiting, hemiplegia, loss of consciousness and other symptoms. Although there are some early warning signs of leukemia, we should be alert that patients often regard leukemia as a cold and delay treatment. clinical picture
1、
morbidity
The onset of leukemia is sudden or slow, and many children and adolescents have sudden onset. Common initial symptoms include: fever, progressive anemia, obvious bleeding tendency or joint pain. The chronic patients are mostly the elderly and some young patients, and their condition is gradually progressing. The first symptoms of these patients are progressive fatigue, pale face, palpitation and shortness of breath after fatigue, loss of appetite, weight loss or fever of unknown origin. In addition, a few patients may have convulsions, blindness, toothache, swollen gums, pericardial effusion and paraplegia of both lower limbs as the first symptoms.
2、
Fever and infection
A、
Fever is one of the most common symptoms of leukemia, which can appear in different stages of recurrence, with different degrees of fever and heat type. The main cause of fever is infection, among which angina, stomatitis and perianal inflammation are the most common, and pneumonia, tonsillitis, gingivitis and perianal abscess are also very common. Ear inflammation, enteritis, carbuncle, pyelonephritis and so on. It can also be seen that sepsis and septicemia can also occur in severe infections.
B,
Bacteria are the most common infectious pathogens, and gram-positive cocci are the main pathogens in the early stage of the disease. Although virus infection is rare, it is often dangerous. Cytomegalovirus, measles or varicella virus infection is prone to pneumonia, which should be paid attention to.
3、
bleed
Hemorrhage is also a common symptom of leukemia. The bleeding site can be all over the body, with skin, gums and nasal cavity bleeding being the most common, and there may also be hemorrhage of retina and ear and massive hemorrhage of internal organs such as intracranial, digestive tract and respiratory tract. Menstruation is also common in women and can be the first symptom. M3 and M5 subtype AML bleeding is more serious, especially M3 patients are more likely to die of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and intracranial hemorrhage.
4、
anaemia
It can appear early, and a few cases can appear refractory anemia months or years before diagnosis, and then develop into leukemia. Patients are often accompanied by fatigue, pallor, palpitation, shortness of breath, edema of lower limbs and other symptoms. Anemia can be seen in all types of leukemia, but it is more common in elderly AML patients, and many patients often take anemia as the first symptom.
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