From Guizhou folk medicine.
Pinyin name Jiānɡ
English name Fruit of spiral Litese, the fruit of four-flowered Litese, spiral Litese.
Other famous pepper, radix aucklandiae, camphorwood, fructus alpinae oxyphyllae, fructus zanthoxyli, wintersweet, ginger, cinnamon, spurge, ginger, radix astragali and dried ginger.
source
Source: Litsea cubeba, Litsea cubeba and Litsea cubeba fruits of Lauraceae.
Latin animal and plant mineral name: 1. Litsea litsea Litsea tomentosa Litsea pubescens] 3. Litsea litsea
Harvest and storage: picking in late autumn and drying in the shade.
Original shape
1. Small deciduous tree of Cinnamomum camphora, height10m. Young branches pubescent; The terminal bud is conical, and the outer part is yellow-brown pilose. Leaves alternate; Petiole length1.5 cm; ; Leaf blade is ovoid or oblong, 7- 14 cm long and 2.5-5 cm wide, the top is tapered, the base is slightly rounded, the top is dark green, glabrous, the bottom is pink-green, puberulent and the midvein is slightly dense. Dioecious; Umbellies are axillary, usually in four clusters on short branches, each inflorescence has 4-6 flowers, and the first leaf opens or opens at the same time with the leaves; Perianth lobes 6, yellow-green or yellow-white, oval, about 2 mm long; Fertile stamens 9, filaments grayish yellow pilose, anthers 4-loculed, all divided inward. The fruit is spherical, 5-7 mm in diameter, with a small tip at the top, and it is black when mature; Petiole 4 mm long, receptacle not swollen, sparsely pubescent. The flowering period is February-March and the fruiting period is September.
2. Litsea tomentosa deciduous shrubs or small trees, up to 4 meters. Young branches grayish brown, densely pubescent, falling off when old; The terminal bud is conical, and the outer scales are pilose. Leaves alternate or gather at the top of branches; Petiole is white pilose; Leaf blade oblong-elliptic, 4- 12 cm long and 2-4.8 cm wide, with acute apex, wedge-shaped base, dark green top, hairless, only the midvein sparsely pilose, green and white below, densely white pilose. Umbellies axillary, usually 2-3 clusters on short branches; Flowers unisexual, 4-6 per inflorescence, the first leaf opens or opens at the same time with the leaves; Perianth lobes 6, yellow, broadly obovate; Fertile stamens 9, filaments pilose; Degenerate pistil does not exist. Fruit spherical, about 5 mm in diameter, floret receptacle, blue-black when mature, pedicel 5-8 mm long, sparsely pilose. It blooms in March-April and bears fruit in September -65438+ 10.
3. litsea litsea litsea, a small deciduous tree, 3-7 meters high. These flowers are very slender. Leaves clustered on branches, papery, lanceolate or oblanceolate, 5- 10 cm long, with silky hairs at first, and then gradually smooth; The petiole is hairy. Flowers are unisexual and dioecious; Umbellies, consisting of 8- 12 flowers, with short stems; Flowers bloom before leaves; The surface of involucral bracts is hairy and caducous; The flower is yellow, the pedicel is small, and it is 1- 1.5cm long, with spun silk-like coarse hair; Perianth 6, obovate; Anthers 4-loculed, valved, completely inward, filaments with fine hairs only at the base; The female flower is larger and the hair is thicker. Drupe is spherical, blue-black and about 7-10 mm in diameter; The upper part of the fruit stalk is slightly enlarged. Flowering in March-April. Result period: August-September.
Habitat distribution
Ecological environment: 1. Born in moist places in mountain broad-leaved forests.
2. Born in hillside scrub or evergreen broad-leaved forest edge or secondary broad-leaved forest.
3. Mixed forests or forest margins near streams and sunny slopes in mountainous areas.
Resource distribution: 1. Distributed in Jiangxi, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Tibet and other places.
2. Distributed in Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan and eastern Tibet.
3. Distributed in Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, Zhejiang, Henan, Hubei, Hunan, Guangdong, Guangxi, Sichuan, Guizhou, Yunnan, Tibet and other places.
Character identification The fruit is spherical, with a diameter of 4-5 mm. The outer surface is dark brown or brown, with reticulate wrinkles, a blunt apex, a round mark of fruit stalk falling off at the base, a small amount of residual calyx and a broken reminder stalk. Peeling off the peel, you can see the hard and brittle stone with dark brown surface. Crispy and bright, with raised vertical and horizontal lines outside. After crushing, it contains 1 seed, and the embryo has 2 leaflets, which are yellow and rich in oil. Qi is calculated as fragrant, spicy, slightly bitter and hemp.
chemical composition
1. The fresh fruit of Alpinia officinarum contains 2.5%-3% of volatile oil, and the main components are citral -a (geranial), citral -b (nerolidal), ***80.5% and limonene. The kernel contains 57.7% oil, and its main components are lauric acid (85.6%), decanoic acid (7.5%), myristic acid (2.8%), oleic acid (2.6%) and linoleic acid (/.1%+0).
2. Litsea litsea fruit contains 3%-5% volatile oil and 25% fatty oil.
3. The dried Litsea cubeba contains about 2%-6% of volatile oil, and the main components are citral, geraniol and limonene. The kernel contains 55.4% oil, and the main components are lauric acid 39.5%, decanoic acid 4 1.7%, dodecenoic acid 8. 1% and decenoic acid 2.7%. Tetradecenoic acid)1.0%, myristic acid)1.0%, oleic acid)1.7%, linoleic acid 2.9% and octanoic acid 0.65438+.
pharmacological action
1. The antiasthmatic test of isolated tracheal smooth muscle showed that Litsea cubeba oil (volatile oil extracted from Litsea cubeba fruit) 10μl/ml could relax normal tracheal smooth muscle and tracheal smooth muscle spasm caused by acetylcholine or histamine in guinea pigs. Adding volatile oil in advance can block the contraction caused by acetylcholine and histamine. Perfusion with Locke solution containing 1μl/ml volatile oil can increase the isolated lung perfusion flow of normal guinea pigs from the third minute, and giving guinea pigs 300μl/kg gastric perfusion and 170μl/kg intraperitoneal injection has obvious protective effect on bronchospasm caused by 5% acetylcholine spray. The results of passive skin allergy test in rats, anaphylactic shock in guinea pigs and anaphylactic contraction test in isolated ileum of guinea pigs show obvious antiallergic effect and obvious antagonistic effect on intestinal contraction in guinea pigs caused by slow-acting substances. It shows that its antiasthmatic effect is not only related to bronchiectasis, but also related to the formation and release of antiallergic media.
2. Anti-arrhythmia effect: Mice were given 0.3ml/kg Litsea cubeba oil by gavage for 3 days, which could obviously reduce the incidence of ventricular fibrillation caused by chloroform and antagonize the arrhythmia caused by barium chloride. Arrhythmia caused by bidirectional tachycardia induced by barium chloride in rats can quickly restore normal sinus rhythm, and the dose and mortality caused by aconitine can be increased, but the statistics are not significant, and there is no antagonistic effect on arrhythmia caused by Toosendan.
3. Antifungal effect: 0.005%-0.0 1% Litsea cubeba oil can inhibit 9 kinds of skin fungi in vitro, such as Trichophyton chrysogenum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Epidermophyton floccosum and Spores of Asteris. 0.033%-0. 1% can also inhibit candida albicans, cryptococcus neoformans, sporotrichum and several skin coloring fungi (Cladosporium perfringens, Cladosporium carinii, Fusarium solani, powdery mildew in Lvmu, etc. ). Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus fumigatus can only be inhibited under the condition of weak inhibition to Aspergillus until the concentration increases to 1%. Litsea cubeba oil not only has antibacterial effect, but also has a certain degree of bactericidal effect. It is preliminarily considered that the effective antibacterial components are citral.
Spicy in nature; Bitter; Sexual temperature
Meridian meridian and spleen meridian; Stomach meridian
Its main functions are warming middle warmer, promoting qi circulation and relieving pain; Eliminating dampness, invigorating spleen and promoting digestion; Detoxification and swelling reduction. Main stomach cold abdominal pain; Summer dampness, vomiting and diarrhea; Food stagnation and fullness; Dysmenorrhea; Hernia pain; Malaria; gall
Usage and dosage: decocted, 3-10g; Grinding each time1-1.5g. External use: take appropriate amount, tamp or grind it into powder for adjustment and application.
Pay attention to heat syndrome and avoid taking it.
Various exhibitions
1. Guizhou Folk Medicine: invigorating the spleen to dry dampness, helping digestion, and externally treating sore poison.
2. "Chongqing Herbs": dispelling cold and relieving pain, invigorating stomach and promoting digestion. Treat heart and stomach cold pain, bone cold, cold food and dysmenorrhea. If there is heat in your stomach, don't use it.
3. Hunan pharmacology: dispelling wind and dispelling cold. Treat cold abdominal pain; Litsea litsea is four to five yuan. Decoct with water. Treatment of joint pain: one or two pieces of litsea cubeba, five pieces of realgar and two or two pieces of chicken manure. Mash, stir fry, wrap and rub the sore spot.
Excerpts from China Materia Medica and Dictionary of Traditional Chinese Medicine
They are sold in large and medium-sized pharmacies ~
It has antifungal effect. 0.005%-0.0 1% litsea cubeba oil can inhibit 9 kinds of dermatophytes in vitro, namely Trichophyton flavum, Trichophyton floccosum and Sporothrix gypsum. 0.033%-0. 1% can also inhibit candida albicans, cryptococcus neoformans, sporotrichum and several skin coloring fungi (Cladosporium perfringens, Cladosporium carinii, Fusarium solani, powdery mildew in Lvmu, etc. ). Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus fumigatus can only be inhibited under the condition of weak inhibition to Aspergillus until the concentration increases to 1%. Litsea cubeba oil not only has antibacterial effect, but also has a certain degree of bactericidal effect.
So it can treat skin allergy.
Oh, you'd better see a doctor for skin allergy ~
I hope I can help you ~