Cicadellidae, female

(Ixodes sulcus)? Shielding tick

It is plate-brown, its whiskers are slender and cylindrical, and the ear-shaped protrusions at the base of the lower jaw are dull and toothed. The anal groove is inverted U-shaped in front of the anus, and the internal distance of the ⅰ base segment of the foot is slender. It is a typical forest tick species and the dominant species of coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest. Adults move from April to June, and larvae and nymphs appear at 4- 10. Three-host ticks completed their first generation development within three years. Overwintering with non-bloodsucking larvae, nymphs and adults. Adults are parasitic on large mammals and often attack people; Larvae and nymph are parasitic on small mammals and birds. Distributed in northeast China, Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Xinjiang, Tibet and other places. It is the main vector of forest encephalitis in China, which can spread Q fever and tick-borne rickettsia in North Asia (also known as Siberian tick-borne typhus).

Grassland dust mite

(Dermacentor nuttalli)？ The shield plate has enamel-like spots, eyes and rims; The whisker limb is wide and short, the jaw base is rectangular, and the dorsal distance of joint ⅰ of foot is short and round. It is a typical grassland species, mostly inhabiting the arid and semi-desert grassland zone. Adult ticks are active in spring, and young ticks and nymphs appear in summer and autumn. Genus three hosts

Ticks live through the winter as adults. Adults parasitize large mammals and sometimes attack people; Larvae and nymph are parasitic on various rodents. Distributed in northeast, north, northwest and Tibet of China. It is the main vector for North Asian ticks to spread rickettsia, and it can also spread brucellosis.

Ixodes yadong

(Hyalomma asiaticum kozlovi) The shield plate is reddish-brown, with eyes and edges, and it must be long and cylindrical, and the second section is obviously elongated; The foot is light yellow, and there are obvious light-colored rings at each joint; The neck groove of the male worm is obviously deep groove, and the valve plate is tubular. Habitat in desert or semi-desert areas. Adults appear in spring and summer. It is a three-host tick, which has about one generation a year and overwinters mainly as an adult. Adults are mainly parasitic on domestic animals such as camels and can also attack people. Larvae and nymph are parasitic on small wild animals. Distributed in Jilin, Inner Mongolia and Northwest China. It is the vector of Xinjiang hemorrhagic fever.

Tick with blunt edge of mastoid

Ornithodoros papillipes has a granular body surface and a horizontal anus.

The intersection of the sulcus and the posterior middle anal sulcus is almost at right angles (Figure [2] 19-5). Living in desert and semi-desert areas. Multi-host ticks inhabit caves or caves of small and medium-sized mammals. Parasitic on foxes, rabbits, voles, hedgehogs and other small and medium-sized mammals, it often attacks people. Distributed in Xinjiang and Shanxi, spreading relapsing fever and Q fever.

Direct injury

Ticks have no pain when biting and sucking blood. However, due to the simultaneous penetration of claws and oral plates into the host skin, it can cause local congestion, edema, acute inflammatory reaction and secondary infection. ? The neurotoxin secreted by saliva of some Ixodes in the process of biting and sucking blood can cause motor fiber conduction disorder of the host, cause ascending muscle paralysis, and lead to respiratory failure and death, which is called tick paralysis (tick? Paralysis). More common in children. If it can be found in time, the ticks will be removed and the symptoms will be eliminated. Human cases of this disease have been reported in Northeast China and Shanxi.

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The process of tick bite and infection

ticking sound

Bitten by a tick once? Never pull with your hands? 1, the size of a small fingernail, falls on a person, then gets into the body, and gets into the skin from the head. ? 2. After a tick bites a person, it will emit an anesthetic substance, then bury its head in the skin to suck blood, and at the same time secrete a substance that can be harmful to the human body. Enter the human body and take it out in time. If it is not taken out in time: if it is light, it will itch on rainy days in a few years. In severe cases, persistent high fever, deep coma and convulsions can cause forest encephalitis. ? A TV station once broadcast two patients, one of whom took his head out and left it on his skin. After the cure, he was paralyzed and unable to stand on his own feet.

How do ticks enter the human body?

Ticks generally appear in mountainous areas with plants and animals. There are similar ticks in Jinzhai County, Anhui Province, Dabie Mountain, which are generally transmitted to people through animals or plants. Not every tick carries a pathogen. ? When I was a child, I often found that ticks were very small at birth, similar to dust black spots in fingernails. It's not easy to find As far as I know, this kind of tick is not easy to enter the human body under normal circumstances. They all suck blood through skin contact, and finally the blood in the body will roll to the ground after it is full and round. This blood can be digested by ticks for at least a few days. In this way,

The contact between animals and people makes it easy for ticks to enter the human body to suck blood. It once appeared on students in Zaohe Village, Tiechong Township, Jinzhai County, Anhui Province, Dabie Mountain area. It's too small to find. This tick also lives on the leaves or necks of plants and enters the human body through the contact between human legs and plants. Usually, people who have been sucked with blood will have erythema, which is particularly itchy. People scratching the affected area for a long time will cause infection.

Emergency treatment measures after being bitten by ticks

If the bitten part has symptoms such as fever, inflammation and erythema, you should see a doctor in time. ? Ticks are often attached to the scalp, waist, armpit, groin, ankle and other parts of the human body. Once the tick is found to have bitten and drilled into the skin, it can be smeared with alcohol. When you can't find alcohol, you can apply it to the tick's head, or put mosquito-repellent incense next to the tick to "anesthetize" the tick and let it go. Or thickly coat the head of the tick with liquid paraffin and glycerin to suffocate it, make its head relax or die, and then take out the tick with pointed tweezers. Don't pull hard, lest you hurt your skin, or leave the tick's head in your skin. After taking out, use iodine or alcohol for local disinfection. If you can't find alcohol, you can use Luofushan herbal oil to observe your physical condition at any time. If fever, inflammation, erythema and other symptoms appear in the bitten area, you should see a doctor in time to confirm whether you have tick-borne diseases, so as to avoid missing the best treatment opportunity (be careful not to rinse with water when you are bitten).

Edit this paragraph to spread the disease

Forest encephalitis

ticking sound

(1) Forest encephalitis: it is an acute infectious disease of nervous system caused by forest encephalitis virus, and it is a natural focus disease in forest areas. Ixodes persulcatus is the main vector tick species in China. The virus can be preserved in ticks for a long time, passed on to the next generation or the third and fourth generations through metamorphosis and eggs, and can overwinter in ticks. The disease mostly occurs in May-August, mainly distributed in the forest areas of Heilongjiang and Jilin provinces in China, and the patients are mainly loggers. In addition, cases have also occurred in Sichuan, Hebei, Xinjiang, Yunnan and other provinces.

Xinjiang hemorrhagic fever

⑵ Xinjiang hemorrhagic fever: It is a tick-borne acute infectious disease and a natural focus disease in desert pasture. The pathogen is tick-borne RNA virus. Sheep and Tarim rabbits in epidemic areas are the main sources of infection, and patients in acute stage can also be infected. The vector is mainly ticks, and the pathogen can be preserved in ticks for several months and spread through eggs. The disease is not only transmitted by ticks, but also infected by sheep blood through skin wounds and after medical personnel contact with fresh blood of acute patients. It is prevalent in Xinjiang, China, and the patients are mainly herders, with the peak incidence in April-May.

Tick-borne relapsing fever

(3) Tick-borne relapsing fever: also known as endemic relapsing fever, is the natural focus of leptospirosis transmitted by ticks, with irregular intermittent fever as the main clinical feature. The disease is prevalent in Xinjiang, China, and its pathogen is Borrelia Iran? Persica), ticks with blunt papillae are vectors; The wild type of northern Xinjiang is Plasmodium latishevi, and ticks with blunt edges are the transmission vectors. Pathogens can be transmitted through eggs. Ticks with blunt mastoid edges can be transmitted through eggs for 8 generations and can be preserved for 14 years. Animals are mainly infected by rodents, and patients can also be used as the source of infection of this disease.

Lyme disease

⑷ Lyme disease: It was first discovered in Hailin County, Heilongjiang Province 1985 in the summer. The pathogen is Borrelia B.burgdorferi, which is a natural focus disease transmitted by Ixodes, and it mostly occurs in spring and summer. The main vectors in China are Ixodes persulcatus and some small wild rodents.

The morphology of ticks (19) Animals are storage hosts. The disease is widely distributed, and cases have been reported in more than 20 countries on five continents. It has been confirmed that the disease is prevalent in 20 provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China.

q-fever

⑸Q fever: The pathogen is Kirks bainite. The clinical feature of this disease is sudden onset. It is often spread between wild animals (rodents) and livestock, and cattle and sheep are the main sources of Q fever. The mode of infection is mainly transmitted through respiratory inhalation, but also through the bite of digestive tract and ticks and fecal pollution of wounds. Pathogens can exist in ticks for a long time and spread through eggs. For example, ticks with blunt mastoid edges can store pathogens for 2 ~ 10 years. The disease is distributed all over the world, and Q fever has been diagnosed in more than ten provinces, municipalities and autonomous regions in China. In endemic areas, we have found ticks of Bos minimus, Hymenoptera yadong and Haemaphysalis (Haemaphysalis? Companulata) natural infection.

Tick-borne rickettsia in North Asia

(6) North Asian tick-borne rickettsia: also known as Siberian tick-borne typhus. The pathogen is Rickettsia sibirica (Rickettsia? Siberia). Small rodents are the main source of infection, and ticks are the main vectors. This pathogen can be transmitted through eggs and can survive in ticks for two years. Pathogens can be infected by tick bites or tick feces pollution. This disease is found in Xinjiang, Inner Mongolia and Heilongjiang.

Bacterial disease

(7) Bacterial diseases: Ticks can spread some bacterial diseases, such as plague, brucellosis and hare fever. Ticks can preserve some pathogenic bacteria for a long time and spread through eggs. For example, Yersinia pestis can be preserved for 509 days in grassland tick adults; Thermobacillus rabbit can survive for 200 ~ 700 days in Lahorella, so ticks play a role in preserving the natural foci of these diseases.

deformity

(8) Heteromorphism: Mites will spread a kind of "phagocytic cell anaplasma", which will reduce platelets and white blood cells. Therefore, the industry calls this disease "anaplasmosis". But so far, only the United States and some European countries have isolated pathogens from tick bites.

Latest progress

On 201September 12, a "new Bunia virus" was isolated from patients by the relevant departments of China CDC. Some experts said that "Bunia virus" is a big category, and "New Bunia virus" may be identified as a new virus. According to public information, Bunia virus naturally infects many vertebrates and arthropods (mosquitoes, ticks, sandflies, etc. ), and can cause hemorrhagic fever similar to influenza or dengue fever (valley fever, Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, etc. ) and encephalitis (California encephalitis) to people. ? Bunia virus is naturally infected in many vertebrates and arthropods (mosquitoes, ticks, sandflies, etc.). ), it can infect mice and grow in cell cultures of some mammals, birds and mosquitoes. It can cause diseases similar to influenza or dengue fever and hemorrhagic fever (valley fever and Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, etc.). ) and encephalitis (California encephalitis). There are three modes of transmission: mosquito vector, tick vector and sandfly vector. Some viruses can spread in their arthropod vectors through eggs, mating or embryos.

Edit the precautionary principle in this paragraph.

Environmental prevention and control

1. In the environmentally controlled grassland, the ticks were killed by grassland rotation and pasture isolation. Combine reclamation, remove weeds and shrubs, clean livestock pens, block holes, and prevent ticks from breeding; Kill rodents.

Chemical control

2. Chemical control of ticks can be sprayed with dichlorvos, malathion and fenitrothion. The use of BHC aerosol in forest areas has achieved good results, and livestock can kill ticks regularly through medicinal bath. ? (bhc powder is a banned pesticide. )

Drug prevention

3, indoor skin smearing or spraying Luofushan herbal oil can effectively prevent ticks from biting.

biotic-control

4. Biological control: Because ticks mainly inhabit grasslands and forests, biological pesticides are used to clean and spray the ground where ticks mainly occur, which lasts for a long time and is harmless to people and animals; It can also be physically controlled by covering and killing (0. 12% propylene glycol alginate) with algae, which is colorless, odorless, non-toxic and pollution-free.

Personal protection

5. Personal protection When entering the tick area, you should wear five tight clothes, stockings and boots, and wear a protective cap. Exposed parts should be coated with repellent, and they should check each other when leaving, so as not to take ticks out of the epidemic area.

Insect prevention

Because ticks mainly inhabit grasslands and forests, it is best to spray Luofushan herbal oil or mosquito repellent on bare skin when going out to play, and try to avoid sitting and lying in the wild for a long time. Pay attention to personal protection and wear tight, light-colored and smooth long-sleeved clothes. Ticks often attach to the scalp, waist, armpit, groin, ankle and other parts of the human body.

Eliminate insects

If you find ticks attached to your body, you can't take them out immediately with tweezers and other tools, because ticks may contain infectious pathogens. After being stimulated, ticks will drill deeper into your body and release a larger dose of tick saliva. Therefore, it is very incorrect to directly remove ticks with tools or crush them with your fingers. Some folk methods, such as burning tick's ass, are not advisable. ? The correct way is to quickly find the nearest regular hospital and tell the doctor to disinfect the bitten area and perform local anesthesia. Only after the anesthesia takes effect can you take out the ticks with tweezers (note that the barbs of the ticks can't stay in the body), then go to the hospital for observation and treatment quickly, and inject the corresponding antiviral drugs. After the incubation period, the patient will be discharged asymptomatic. If the patient feels unwell after leaving the hospital, be sure to tell the doctor about the tick bite, and remember this passage.

suggestion

According to Bao Fukai, a professor of Kunming Medical College who has been engaged in virology research for a long time, the saliva of ticks contains hundreds of protein, with complex components and many toxins. Tick bites are a complicated process. After it bites human skin, it injects anticoagulant and anesthetic into human body to prevent blood coagulation. Without people realizing it, the blood coagulation at the bite falls off after it is filled with blood. This process takes 48 hours. However, this disease is not caused by the saliva of ticks themselves, but by pathogens contained in their bodies. ? Wang Guiqiang also said that ticks are just a medium. If you carry pathogens, you can introduce them into the human body through bites and reproduce in the body. Only the bitten person has poor immunity will get sick. Medically, such diseases caused by blood-sucking insects are called "insect-borne infectious diseases". ? On September 12, China CDC announced that a "new Bunia virus" was isolated from patients' serum. At present, the expert group has reported the "Diagnosis and Treatment Plan for Human Infected with New Bunia Virus Disease" to the Ministry of Health. However, Wang Shiwen, the leader of the expert group, told China Newsweek that although the virus has been found in patients, it will take time to determine the causal relationship between the virus and the disease. He stressed that "the suspected cases of anaplasmosis in Shangcheng County can basically be confirmed as tick-borne diseases, but people do not need to be too scared about ticks. The transmission rate of ticks is almost the same as that of mosquitoes. According to its transmission characteristics, the disease is preventable, controllable and treatable. " ? Today, this disease can be found in many parts of the world. On June 17 this year, the new york Health and Mental Health Bureau of the United States issued a warning to the citizens of new york: June to 1 1 is the most active period of ticks, and citizens should pay special attention to prevent being bitten by ticks during this period. ? Experts suggest that in summer and autumn, people should sit and lie in grasslands, forests and other environments for a long time, do personal protection when farming, and try to wear tight-fitting autumn pants. If ticks are found attached to them, they should be removed immediately with tweezers and other tools. In fact, with the cold weather and the reduction of insect vectors, the occurrence of such diseases will naturally decline.

clinical picture

1. Cause: The mouthparts of Ixodes or Soft Ticks pierce the skin? Second, the characteristics of rash: edematous papules or small nodules, redness, blisters or ecchymosis, and insect bite marks in the center. Ticks can sometimes be found. ? Third, conscious symptoms: itching or pain. ? Tick paralysis: it is caused by neurotoxin in tick saliva, which is common in children. It shows acute ascending paralysis and can die of respiratory failure. ? Five, tick bite fever: ticks have fever, chills, headache, abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting and other symptoms a few days after sucking blood.

Edit the relevant suggestions in this paragraph.

Bite symptom

Acari can infect human peripheral blood neutrophils after biting people, causing fever, with leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and multiple organ dysfunction as the main clinical manifestations. ? After a tick bites a person, most of them are acute and severe attacks. The main symptoms are fever, general malaise, headache, fatigue, muscle pain, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anorexia and listlessness.

Mites and anaplasmosis

The "anaplasmosis" caused by tick bites is not a new disease. 1994 was first discovered abroad. The full name of anaplasmosis is "human granulocytic anaplasmosis". At first, it was thought that the pathogen was Chafei ehrlich, but later it was found that the pathogen was phagocytosis. ? According to experts, anaplasmosis is a zoonotic disease, which was reported in the United States and Europe in the 1990s. Because it is very difficult to isolate and identify the pathogen, the pathogen was named "invisible" in 200 1 year. ? The so-called "invisible body" is a kind of bacteria parasitic in cells, which is mainly transmitted by the bite of ticks.

Transmission routing

Experts from the Ministry of Health told reporters that there are two ways to spread anaplasmosis. It is mainly transmitted by tick bites. When ticks bite the host animals carrying pathogens and then bite people, pathogens can enter the human body and cause diseases. The route of transmission is suspected to be blood and respiratory secretions. ? However, experts from Nanjing Gulou Hospital told reporters that there was no "person-to-person" infection among the 24 patients contacted by the hospital.

Harm of mites

It's as big as a little nail. When you fall on a person, get into the skin and get into the brain. After a tick bites a person, it will give out anesthetic, bury its head in the skin to suck blood, and at the same time secrete a substance that may be harmful to the human body. Enter the human body and take it out in time. If it is not taken out in time: if it is light, the patient will itch unbearable in rainy weather a few years later. In severe cases, persistent high fever, deep coma and convulsions can cause forest encephalitis.

Special reminder

Dog walker: When walking the dog in the eastern suburb lawn and other places, or even walking the dog in the community lawn, please note that ticks are easy to bite the dog and take it home. ? Fisherman: Especially wild fishermen, their trousers should be tight. ? Wild tourist: long clothes and trousers, don't go into the weed tree.

Edit this paragraph to prevent and treat bites.

Method one

Spray deet, mosquito repellent and other insect repellents on clothes and bare skin when going out. If bitten by a tick, never take it out with tweezers or crush it with your fingers. It is necessary to apply the oil of Chinese herbal medicine in Luofushan, ether, kerosene, turpentine and dry smoke oil on the head of ticks, or light mosquito-repellent incense next to ticks to "anesthetize" ticks and let them go. Or use liquid paraffin and glycerin to thickly coat the tick's head, make it suffocate and die, and then let go.

Method 2

1, if found, don't take it out by yourself, but go to the hospital in time. (The doctor will disinfect around the wound, then anesthetize the wound to anesthetize the tick, and then easily clip it out with a twist when the tick is completely anesthetized. )? 2. When ticks drill their heads into the skin, their heads are pulled tighter and tighter. It's easy to leave your head in the skin and continue to be infected when you take it out yourself, and it's extremely troublesome to go to the hospital to take it. ? 3, bitten by a bug can not kill the bug immediately, it should be blown away, otherwise the toxin is even greater. ? 4. Prevention and treatment of ticks: 1. When ticks are found to stay on the skin, don't tear them hard to prevent secondary skin damage caused by tissue tearing or broken mouthparts. You can apply herbal oil, chloroform, ether, kerosene, turpentine or dry tobacco on the head of ticks in Luofu Mountain until the ticks naturally shed their skin. ? Second, disinfect the wound. If the mouth breaks into the skin, it should be removed by surgery. ? Third, 0.5% procaine was partially blocked around the wound. ? Fourth, symptoms of systemic poisoning can be given antihistamines and corticosteroids. When fever and paralysis of ticks are found, besides supporting treatment, corresponding symptomatic treatment and timely rescue should be carried out. ? Personal protection: wear protective clothing when entering the area where ticks are infested, and tighten the trouser legs, cuffs and neckline. Exposed parts should be rubbed with insect repellent (DEET, DEET, Peucedanum peucedanum volatile oil), or clothes should be soaked with insect repellent. Check with each other when you leave, and don't take ticks home.

Edit related reports in this section.

Sticking the wrong "Henan label"? At the press conference held by the Ministry of Health on September 10, Li Dexin, director of the Institute of Virology of China CDC, said that the Ministry of Health had monitored the disease in Henan and Hubei in May this year. In recent years, cases with fever and thrombocytopenia as the main clinical symptoms have been found and reported in parts of Anhui, Henan, Hubei, Shandong and other provinces, and some severe patients died of multiple organ dysfunction. ? At this news conference, Deng Haihua, a spokesperson for the Ministry of Health, said that tick bites may be a major way to spread such diseases. On the same day, the expert group of the Ministry of Health arrived at the mall to carry out investigation, prevention and control and medical treatment. ? According to records, granulocytic anaplasmosis was first discovered in the United States in the early 1990s, and has been reported in many parts of the world since then. Statistics show that the United States reports about 600 to 800 cases every year. Reports from Europe and America show that the mortality rate of this disease is 1%. ? In China, since the first case was found in Anhui in June 2006, the disease has been included in the monitoring scope of health and disease control departments. As early as June 5438+065438+ 10, 2008, China CDC and other units organized a "technical seminar on dealing with human granulocytic anaplasmosis". After the meeting, the first confirmed case of human granulocytic anaplasmosis in Anhui was also published in the internationally renowned academic journal Journal of American Medical Association. The meeting held that the discovery and confirmation of anaplasmosis and related research results show that the ability of China's disease prevention and control system to study the etiology of infectious diseases has been significantly improved. ? However, compared with foreign cases, patients in rural areas in China have a low rate of seeking medical treatment because of poor economic conditions. When farmers have symptoms similar to "fever and cold", they generally don't go to see a doctor and check up, which often delays the best treatment opportunity. In addition, most patients are old and weak, accompanied by other chronic diseases, which also makes the disease more harmful in rural areas of China than abroad. ? Wang Guiqiang, a member of the expert group of the Ministry of Health and director of the Department of Infectious Diseases of the First Hospital of Newsweek University, told China that another problem that cannot be ignored is that rural doctors use hormonal drugs to treat patients symptomatically. However, hormones inhibit the patient's immunity and worsen the condition. ? With the increase of cases, the disease prevention and control system is constantly upgrading. On May 24 this year, the national health and disease control department held a meeting in Hubei, and collectively referred to this kind of symptoms as "fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome", and set up monitoring points in Suizhou, Hubei and Xinyang, Henan in June/KLOC-0. Li Dexin said that the temporary name of the disease is fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome, so as to make further efforts to determine what the pathogen is.

Edit this infection case

Tick bites around the world can be traced back to the early 1990s. A case of human granulocytic anaplasmosis was first reported in the United States.

Such cases have also been reported in Europe and other places, and the infection rate in some areas is as high as 15% to 36%. As early as 2006, a rural woman in her fifties died of this disease in Guangde County, Xuancheng City, Anhui Province. In JAMA published in June, 2008 165438+ 10/9, Chinese scientists reported this kind of "anaplasmosis", saying that it was probably the first human-to-human transmission of "anaplasmosis" in the world-because the transmission mechanism of human granulocytic anaplasmosis was not recognized at that time, hospital protective measures were not enough. Klaus and Gary? "This may be the first report of human transmission of phagocytic anaplasma in the world and the first report of human granulocytic anaplasma in China," Wormser commented in the Journal of the American Medical Association. Following this case in Anhui, cases of human granulocytic anaplasmosis have been found in Hubei, Shandong, Henan and other provinces, and deaths have also been reported in Xinyang, Henan.

Anhui province

Discovery: the first case in Anhui four years ago? The full name of anaplasmosis is "human granulocytic anaplasmosis", which was first discovered in 1994 abroad. At first, it was thought that the pathogen was Chaffee Ehrlich, but later it was found that the pathogen was an invisible phagocyte. It can infect human peripheral blood neutrophils and cause fever with leukopenia, thrombocytopenia and multiple organ dysfunction as the main clinical manifestations. ? The "anaplasmosis" caused by tick bites is not a new disease. Data show that in 2006, cases of human granulocytic anaplasmosis were found in Anhui Province. In recent years, cases have occurred in Hubei, Henan, Shandong, Heilongjiang, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang, Tianjin, Hainan, Sichuan, Yunnan and Jiangsu. ? In the past six months, there have been "anaplasmosis" 13 cases caused by tick bites in Jiangsu province, of which 4 cases died. The same thing happened in Penglai City, Shandong Province. Doctors in a hospital in Penglai revealed that as of July 14, the number of patients who died of tick bites in one of their hospitals reached 1 1. ? Wu Chao, director of Yunnan Institute of Parasitic Diseases Prevention and Control, said last night that in recent years, there have been cases of ticks biting people in Yunnan. ? Transmission: Will it be transmitted through blood? Experts from the Ministry of Health told reporters that there are two ways to spread anaplasmosis. It is mainly transmitted by tick bites. When ticks bite the host animals carrying pathogens and then bite people, pathogens can enter the human body and cause diseases. However, some studies have found that direct contact with body fluids such as blood of critically ill patients or infected animals may lead to transmission, but the specific transmission mechanism needs further study and confirmation. ? The disease occurs all year round, with the peak in May-10. According to experts, the scientific name of ticks that spread suspected anaplasmosis in Xinyang mountain area is ditch ticks, which feed on blood. This tick lurks on the grass and plants in the shallow hills and loves to hide on the back of tea. ? Xinyang is rich in "Xinyang Maojian" green tea, and most tea farmers have scars on their hind legs after being bitten by ticks. Ticks can often be found on the stomach of every dog in the village. In addition to anaplasmosis, ticks can also spread forest encephalitis, Xinjiang hemorrhagic fever and Lyme disease. These diseases are similar to some extent, which also increases the difficulty of early diagnosis of tick-borne diseases. ? According to Xu Qili, deputy director of Henan CDC, ticks are a very dangerous poisonous insect, but they are the same as mosquitoes. "You know it can spread diseases, but you can't kill it." ? Experts from the Ministry of Health rushed to Xinyang today. In recent years, clinical cases with fever and thrombocytopenia as the main manifestations after being bitten by ticks have been discovered and reported in Xinyang and other areas of Henan Province. 18 patients died of multiple organ damage. ? On September 8, the disease control expert of Xinyang City Health Bureau of Henan Province told the media that it is impossible to prevent the suspected anaplasmosis that is spreading locally at present. There are 12 provinces in China with suspected cases of plasma, which are characterized by mountainous areas or water-rich places. ? The day before yesterday, the Health Department of Henan Province responded to a question about the epidemic situation of tick-borne diseases in Xinyang, saying that there was no epidemic report. Since 2007, health departments in Xinyang and other places have included suspected intangible cases in the category of direct online reporting. ? In order to do a good job in the prevention and control of the disease, experts tentatively designated the disease as fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome. Experts say that the "fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome" caused by locust bites can be prevented and controlled without panic? The reporter learned from the Health Department of Henan Province that the expert group sent by the Ministry of Health rushed to Xinyang on September 10. Upon arrival, in addition to the clinical diagnosis of existing local patients, the etiology of patients with "fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome" will be investigated. A team of three experts from the Ministry of Health, including Professor Wang Guiqiang from the First Hospital of Peking University, has visited Henan and Shandong for many times to consult patients with tick bites, and has rich clinical diagnosis experience. After arriving in Xinyang, in addition to the clinical diagnosis of existing local patients, the etiology of patients with fever and thrombocytopenia syndrome will be investigated. ? At present, the Health Department of Henan Province has instructed the masses to remove shrubs and weeds around houses, clean livestock houses and do a good job in environmental sanitation. Use pesticides such as diuron, thatch blight and picloram for field trips.