Appendicitis is the most common surgical disease. It is estimated that 1 in 15 people will suffer from acute appendicitis in their lifetime, and it was correctly named appendicitis by the American Fitz in 1886. The typical clinical presentation of acute appendicitis is a gradual onset of vague pain in the epigastrium or around the umbilicus, with the pain shifting to the right lower abdomen after a few hours. It is often accompanied by loss of appetite, nausea and vomiting, and in the early stage of the disease, there are no obvious systemic symptoms except low-grade fever and malaise. If acute appendicitis is not treated early, it can develop into gangrene and perforation of the appendix, complicated by limited or diffuse peritonitis. Acute appendicitis has a mortality rate of less than 1%, with a mortality rate of 5-10% following the development of diffuse peritonitis. Acute appendicitis treated nonsurgically or spontaneously can leave behind fibrous tissue hyperplasia and thickening of the appendiceal wall, narrowing of the lumen, and peripheral adhesions, which is known as chronic appendicitis and predisposes to another acute attack. The more episodes, the more serious under the damage of chronic inflammation, can be repeated acute episodes, in the absence of episodes of asymptomatic or occasional mild right lower abdominal pain, so also known as chronic recurrent appendicitis. If the patient has no history of acute appendicitis, and complains of chronic right lower abdominal pain, should not be easily diagnosed as chronic appendicitis and appendectomy, should pay attention to exclude other ileocecal diseases, such as tumors, tuberculosis, non-specific appendicitis, Crohn's disease and mobile appendicitis, etc., should also be excluded from psychoneurological factors, otherwise, the removal of appendicitis will encounter difficulties, or even no other pathology is not necessarily eliminate the symptoms.

The appendix is connected to the cecum at one end and is about 6 to 8 cm long, with a narrow lumen of only 0.5 cm. The wall of the appendix is rich in lymphatic tissue, which constitutes the anatomical basis for the appendix to be highly susceptible to inflammation. This anatomical feature, also easy to make the appendix obstruction, about 70% of the patients can be found in the appendix lumen with different reasons for obstruction, such as obstruction, fecal stone (i.e., a long time to stay in the fecal mass and appendiceal secretion mixed cohesion, and may have calcium and other minerals deposited into), crop residue, the appendix itself twisted and parasitic worms (such as roundworms and pinworms) and so on can be caused by appendiceal obstruction. After the inflammation of acute appendicitis subsides, a scarring stenosis can form in the appendix, predisposing to recurrent inflammation. Due to the presence of abundant lymphatic tissue in the appendix wall, the inflammatory response is severe, further contributing to the development of obstruction. Appendiceal lumen usually has a large number of intestinal bacteria, when there is obstruction, the distal end of the obstruction of the lumen pressure rises, the blood circulation of the appendix wall is affected, the damage to the mucosa for the bacterial invasion of the conditions, and sometimes appendiceal lumen fecal matter, food debris, parasites, foreign bodies, etc. Although it does not cause obstruction, but it can make the appendiceal mucosa to the mechanical damage, but also facilitates the bacterial invasion. In addition, gastrointestinal dysfunction can also make the appendix wall muscle spasm, affecting the appendix emptying and even affect the blood circulation of the appendix wall, is also the cause of inflammation. Bacteria can invade the appendix through the blood circulation and cause inflammation, which is a blood-borne infection.