Artemisia yunniuwei
Like Artemisia selengensis at birth. The only lateral branch on the stem
In autumn, short leaves dance sideways on the branches.
Like a short tail floating in the wind
Therefore, it is called by the name of the form. Artemisia guanniuwei
The original plant is consistent with the product.
Pinyin name Niu Wěi Hāo
Alias Artemisia selengensis, Artemisia selengensis, Artemisia selengensis, Artemisia selengensis, Artemisia selengensis, Artemisia argyi and Artemisia selengensis.
source
Source of medicinal materials: Artemisia capillaris and Artemisia capillaris of Compositae.
Latin animal and plant mineral name: 1. The wall of Artemis. ExBess。 [a. sub-digit Mattf. ; Athomsonii C. B. Clarke ex Pamp。 ; A. sub-digital data Mattf. Var。 Thomson (C. B. Clarke ex Pamp. Hu Shiyou]
Harvest and storage: harvest in autumn, rarely used or tied to dry.
Original shape
1. Artemisia scoparia is a semi-shrubby herb with a height of 80- 120cm. Rhizomes are thick and short, with nutritious branches. The stems are clustered, purple-brown or green-brown, with obvious longitudinal edges, and the branch length is 15-35cm or longer; Stems and branches are pubescent when they are young and then become sparse or glabrous. Leaves alternate, slightly pubescent above, dense below, persistent; The basal leaves and lower leaves of the stem are large, oval or oblong, pinnately 5-parted, and sometimes there are 1-2 lobules on the lobes, which are sessile and wither at flowering; The middle leaf is ovoid, 5- 12cm long and 3-7cm wide, pinnately 5-lobed, the lobes are 3-8cm long and 5- 12mm wide, the apex is pointed, the edge is toothless, the base gradually narrows into a stalk, and there are small lanceolate or linear jia ye; Upper leaves and bract leaves finger 3-parted or indehiscent. The heads are numerous, short-stalked or subsessile, with bracteoles at the base, arranged in spikes or spikes on the branches and branchlets; The total bracts are 3-4 layers, the outer layer is slightly shorter, the back of the outer middle layer is hairless, with green edges, membranous edges and the inner layer is semi-membranous; Female flowers 6-8, corolla eaves with 2-lobed teeth, style apex 2-forked, fork pointed; Bisexual flower 2- 10, sterile, corolla tubular, anther linear, apex appendage pointed, style short, apex 2-lobed, indehiscent. Achenes are small, oblong or obovate. The flowering and fruiting period is August -65438+ 10.
2. The difference between Artemisia capillaris and normal species is that the stems, branches and leaves are gray and short at first, and then hairless.
Habitat distribution
Ecological environment: 1. Born on slopes, grasslands, sparse forests and forest margins below 3500 meters above sea level.
2. Born on slopes, rivers, roadsides, valleys and forest margins below 3000 meters above sea level.
Resource distribution: 1. Distributed in Inner Mongolia, Gansu, Sichuan, Yunnan, Tibet and other places.
2. Distributed in North China, Southwest China, Shaanxi, Ningxia, Gansu, Qinghai, Shandong, Henan, Hubei, Guangxi and other places.
Character; Role; letter
Character recognition rods are cylindrical in different lengths. The surface is yellow-brown, purple-red, ochre and brown-green, with longitudinal edges and sparse silk hairs. Brittle, easily broken, uneven section, with small round white pulp or small hole in the center. Leaves withered and broken; A complete leaf; Leaf blade at lower part of stem 3-5 parted; The fingers of the middle blade and the upper blade 3 are deeply separated until they are gradually separated. It's dark green above and light green below. Head contraction; The involucral bracts are green with membranous edges; Female flowers are located at the edge; The bisexual flowers are in the middle. Flowers lavender to yellowish. Slightly fragrant; Bitter taste; Slightly astringent.
Stems are purplish red to rust-colored, leaves are light green, and flowers are more preferred. Microscopic identification of stem cross section: round, with many wavy ridges on the edge. Epidermal cells line up. There are 3- 10 rows of cortical parenchyma cells, which contain colored plaques and have thick keratinization below the crest. The secretory cavity is round, 5- 14, with a diameter of 25-75μm, which is arranged in a ring along the inner side of the cortex and contains yellow transparent substances. The inner cortex is obvious. The vascular bundle is tough outside, with young stems in bundles and old stems in bands. Sheath fiber, thick wall, strong lignification. The phloem is very thin. The cambium ring is obvious. The xylem is developed and the cells are arranged in radial rows. The pith is wide, the parenchyma cells are polygonal or round, and the round single pit is obvious, containing inulin.
Surface morphology of leaf epidermis: vascular epidermis is long cylindrical or polygonal, arranged flat; The epidermis between veins has different shapes and the cell wall is wavy and curved. The side wall slots are obvious. Non-glandular hair T-type, rare trident, arm length 200-536μm or only round hair base mark can be seen. Stomatal infinitive, 2-6 subsidiary guard cells; Shoes with pores in the lower epidermis or only pores in the lower epidermis.
Stem free tissue: stele sheath fiber is linear, with tapered or bifurcated ends, length of 400-804- 1540μm, diameter of 13- 18μm, narrow cell cavity and strong lignification. Wood fibers are long shuttle-shaped, with tapered, sharp, inclined or separated end walls, not very thick walls, oblique or circular simple pit, with a length of 268-536-8 10μm and a diameter of 13-28μm, reticulated and grooved conduits of 25-56μm and reticulated and grooved conduits of 25-56μ m. Tracheids are reticular and porous. Wood has many kinds of parenchyma cells, one end of which has flat end wall or inclined end or S-shape, straight side wall, slightly inclined end or S-shape, straight side wall, microwave or spiral bending, and most of them are circular single holes with a diameter of 28-35 (-40) microns. ..
Chemical composition The whole grass contains 5.
8 3′
5'- Tetrahydroxyflavanone (5
eight
3′
5'- tetrahydroxyflavanone)
five
eight
2 ′-trihydroxy-5 ′-methoxyflavanone (5
eight
2'- trihydroxy -5'- methoxyflavanone)
five
seven
4'- trihydroxy -3'
5'- dimethoxyflavanone (5
seven
4 '- trihydroxy -3'
5'- dimethoxyflavanone)
Quercetin -3- rhamnoside
3-(3- hydroxyphenoxy) -2- acrolein [3-(3- hydroxy) phenoxy -2- protoaldehyde]
Wheat protein
2
Ethyl 5- dihydroxy cinnamate (ethyl 2
5- dihydroxy-cinnamate)
8- hydroxy -6
7- dimethoxyhexanediol (8- hydroxy -6
7- dimethoxycoumarin)
It's aesculine.
2
4- Hexadiyne-1- ketone (2
4- Hexadiyne-1- ketone
α-and β-aromatic resin alcohols (resin alcohols)
α-coumarin acetate (α-coumarin acetate)
α -amione
β -sitosterol (β-sitosterol)
Tetradecanoic acid
N-butyl palmitate. It also contains volatile oil
There are nearly 30 components in it.
The effective component is d-aspartame.
Pharmacological action The oxygenated compounds in the volatile oil of Artemisia annua have obvious expectorant and antiasthmatic effects.
Among them, Spatholobenol is particularly effective. The compound can increase the excretion of phenol red in mice (expectorant test)
The expectorant intensity is 2065438 0% of the control group.
It can also resist the effects of histamine and acetylcholine. Experimental treatment of Niuweihao decoction on livestock with cough and asthma (such as bronchitis, laryngeal mucosal inflammation and mild alveolar emphysema)
The total effective rate was 98.3%. The median lethal dose of D- Gymnema sylvestre leaves to mice was1.26 0.556 g/kg, which indicated that the compound not only had good antiasthmatic and expectorant effects.
And has low toxicity.
distinguish
Quantitative identification (1) Take dry inflorescence powder of this product and observe it under ultraviolet lamp, showing white granular fluorescence. The water extract is lemon yellow. The ethanol extract showed milky white fluorescence.
(2) Take this product powder and sublimate a little, and white crystals appear.
(3) Take 2% carbon tetrachloride bromide solution 1ml, add this product volatile oil 1 drop, that is, decolorize, then add 1 drop, and quickly retreat to colorless or yellowish.
Bitter in nature; Slightly spicy; Sexual apathy
The function is mainly to clear heat; Cool blood; Detoxification; Insecticide. Major acute fever; Lung heat cough; Sore throat; Nosebleeds; Blood wind sore; Hibiscus disease
Usage and dosage: decoction 9-15g; Or boil it.
Excerpts from Chinese Materia Medica