Over the Dragon Boat Festival, is the Chinese people more than two thousand years of traditional habits, due to the vast area, many ethnic groups, coupled with many stories and legends, so not only produced a number of different names of the festival, but also has a different custom around. Its content is mainly: the daughter back to his mother's home, hanging Zhong Kui statue, welcome ghost ship, hide afternoon, post afternoon leaf charm, hanging calamus, wormwood, swim in the hundred diseases, Pei Xiangbao, ready to sweet, dragon boat race, than the martial arts, batting, swinging, to the child Tu Xionghuang, drinking Xionghuang wine, calamus wine, eat five poisonous cakes, salted eggs, rice dumplings, and seasonal fruits, and so on.
Peiduniang:
The headdress of women in the old Duanwu Festival. Mostly found in Jiangnan. Some areas are also called Jianren. This object is said to have originated from the ancient step rock, said that a different form of the Ai people. Qingjiazhu" cited "Tang and Song dynasty records" cloud: "Jiang who north and south, five hairpin color wins the system, ready to very clever. Where the fabric pin Jian system Ai leaves, or save embroidery Xian, Buddha, Hop, Wu, insects, fish, the shape of the beasts, eight treasures such as flowers. Crepe spiders, Cherry Fenglin, cocoon tiger fluffy dor, rows of grass lizards, and praying mantis spider cicada scorpion, and gourd fruits and gourds, color and realism. To add streamers, embroidered balls and tassels, bells and whistles, or coherent to string, the name is Dou Niang, can not be counted."
Hanging tiger:
Old Dragon Boat Festival to drive away evil spirits, but also for decoration. Ancient China regarded the tiger as a sacred animal, commonly thought to be able to suppress the evil spirits, blessing peace. "Customs" cloud: "Tiger Yang thing, the longest of all beasts. Can eat ghosts and demons, ...... also open up evil". Therefore, more folk take tiger for the use of evil, especially the Dragon Boat Festival for the most characteristic of the tiger. Ai tiger or to Ai braided and cut, or cut color for the tiger, stick to Ai leaves, worn in the hair body. The Dragon Boat Festival custom of wearing Ai Hu has a history of more than a thousand years. Song Chen Yuan-gui, "the time of the year wide record" cited "the time of the year miscellany": "the Dragon Boat Festival in the shape of a tiger, up to as big as a black bean, or cut color as a small tiger, sticky mugwort leaves to wear. Wang Yigong 'Dragon Boat Festival Post' poem: 'Hairpin head of the tiger to ward off the evils of the group, the dawn driving auspicious clouds seven treasures car'." And Qing Fu-cha Dun Chong, "Yanjing times": "Every Duanyang, the boudoir of the clever, with damask made of small tiger and dumplings ...... to colorful thread, hanging in the head of the hairpin, or tied to the back of the children, the old poem: 'Jade Swallow hairpin Ai Tiger light! ', that is, this meaning."
Painting forehead:
Duanwu Festival with the custom of smearing the forehead of children with andrographis, the cloud can drive away poisonous insects. Typical method is to use the male yellow wine in the children's forehead painting "king" character, a borrowed male yellow to drive away poison, the second borrowed tiger ("king" like a tiger's forehead pattern, and the tiger for the king of the beasts, because of the substitution of the tiger) in order to quell the evil. Qing Fu-cha Duncan, "Yanjing times": "Each to the Danyang, since the first day of the first day, take the andrographis sprinkled with wine, coated with children's collars and between the nose and ears, in order to avoid poisons." In addition to the forehead, nose and ears coated, can also be coated elsewhere, with the same intention. Shanxi "Hequ County Zhi" cloud: "Dragon Boat Festival, drink xionghuang wine, coated with pediatric forehead and two hands, feet heart, ...... said can be but sick to prolong life."
Pei long life wisp:
Duanwu Festival when the victory wear. Also known as renewed life, renewed life silk, prolonged life strand, longevity line, hundred rope, Pai Bing Shao, colorful strand, etc., name varies, shape, function is largely the same. Customary in the Dragon Boat Festival to five-color silk knot and into the rope, or hanging in the door, or wear children's necks, or tie children's arms, or hanging in the bed net, cradle, etc., is said to be able to avoid disaster in addition to disease, blessing of well-being, longevity. The shape of such festivals are generally five: a simple five-color silk thread into a rope, tied to the arm; in the colorful rope decorated with gold and tin ornaments, hanging on the neck; colorful rope folded into a square win, decorated in front of the chest; colorful rope knots for the portrait of the wearer; colorful silk embroidered and painted the sun, moon, stars, beasts and other things, to honor the elders. This custom began in the Han Dynasty. East Han Ying Shao "customs - anonymous text": "noon, to colorful silk tie arm, to avoid ghosts and soldiers, people do not disease plague, a long life wisp, a Pai Bing Shao". Afterwards, it has become a custom until recent and modern times. Qing Fuzha Dunsun "Yanjing times" record of the custom: "Every year to the Danyang, the Cabinet of the clever, with the continued Luo made of small tiger and dumplings, pots and pans, cherries, mulberries, and so on, to color threads, hanging in the hairpin, or tied to the back of the child." In which the Tang and Song dynasties, there are more court to give ministers of such festivals. History of the Tang dynasty emperor xingyuan yuan year end of the festival, the court had given a hundred rope a shaft. And "Song history - rites of fifteen": "the day before, to the gold strands of longevity belt, color silk renewed life strands given to the hundred officials. Festival wear to enter."
Wearing Fragrance Bags:
Wearing Fragrance Bags, also known as incense bags, scented bags, wallets, etc., there are five-color silk threads wrapped, there are rags of cloth sewn together, filled with spices (made of the Chinese herbs Angelica dahuricae, Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong, Scutellariae, Paixao, Sanguisorbiae, Gan Song, Gao Bengxing), worn in front of the chest, the scent of the nose. Chen Shiliang's "Guangji of the Years and Seasons," citing the "Miscellaneous Records of the Years and Seasons," mentions a type "made on the fifth day of the fifth month in red and white colors like a capsule, threaded with colored threads, and made to resemble a flower in a convulsive manner." As well as another "clam powder bell": "the fifth day of the end of the clam powder in the silk, decorated with sheep, as a number of beads. So that children with to absorb sweat also". These carry bags, the contents of several changes, from the sweat of the clam powder, to drive away evil spirits, copper, andrographis powder, the development of the spice-filled scented pouches, the production is becoming more and more sophisticated, become the Dragon Boat Festival unique folk art.
Wearing a scented bag is quite delicate. The elderly in order to prevent disease and fitness, generally like to wear plum blossoms, chrysanthemums, peaches, apples, lotus, dolls riding a fish, dolls holding a rooster, double lotus and other shapes, symbolizing the birds and flowers, all the best, husband and wife love, family harmony. Children like the birds and animals, such as tigers, leopards; monkeys on the pole, cockfighting rabbits and so on. Young people to wear the most delicate package, if it is a passionate lover, that sentimental girl early to elaborate one or two chic package, rushed to send their lover before the festival. The young man wearing a sweetheart to give the bag of incense, naturally, to cause the surrounding men and women's comments, straight to the object of the boy boasted handyman.
Avoid five poisons:
Duanwu in the minds of the ancients is a poisonous day, evil day, in the folk beliefs of this idea has been passed down, so there are all sorts of peace, avoiding the calamity of the custom. In fact, this is because the summer weather is hot and dry, people are prone to illness, the plague is also easy to epidemic; coupled with the multiplication of snakes and insects, easy to bite people, so be very careful, which is the formation of this custom.
Picking medicine:
This is one of the oldest Dragon Boat Festival. Xia Xiaozheng (夏小正), which reads, "This day is for storing medicines in order to remove poisonous qi."
This is one of the oldest Dragon Boat Festival customs, which is cited in Xia Xiaozheng: "This day is for storing medicines to alleviate the poisonous gas."
This is one of the oldest Dragon Boat Festival customs. Wei "Qimin Yaojutsu - miscellaneous records", there are May catch toad records, is also a pharmaceutical. Later, there are many regions have the custom of catching toads at the Dragon Boat Festival, such as Jiangsu in the Dragon Boat Festival collection of toads, pricked its foam, the production of traditional Chinese medicine toadstools; Hangzhou people also give small children to eat toads, said that it can be eliminated to clear the fire and cool, no sores in the summer. There are also five days in the mouth of the toad plug ink ingots, hanging up to dry, that is, into the toad ingots, coated in pus sores can be dissipated. The custom of catching toads and making medicine originated from the legend of "Toad Paving Soldier" in Han Dynasty. Another example is Hubei Jianli in the Dragon Boat Festival "picking grass", also picking herbs custom. Picking medicine is because before and after the Dragon Boat Festival herb stems and leaves ripe, good medicinal properties, only on this day to form this custom.
Orchid soup:
On the day of the Dragon Boat Festival, bathing in orchid soup is an ancient custom recorded in the "Dai Dai Li". However, the orchid in the text is not orchid, but Peilan, a member of the chrysanthemum family, which is fragrant and can be decocted for bathing. There is also a line in Jiu Ge (Nine Songs) and Yun Zhong Jun (The King of the Clouds) that says, "Bathing in orchid soup is a great way to bathe in the fragrance of the orchid. The Jing Chu Chronicle: "The fifth day of the fifth month is called the Orchid Bathing Festival." The Five Miscellaneous Chopsticks recorded that people in the Ming Dynasty bathed in orchid soup because it was unavailable, so they took five-colored grasses at noon and bathed in them. Later, they usually fried bushes, mugwort and other herbs to take a bath. In Guangdong, the use of Ai, Pu, Fenxian, Magnolia and other flowers and grasses; in Hunan, Guangxi and other places, the use of cypress leaves, wind root, Ai, Pu, peach leaves and other boiled into a medicinal water bath. Regardless of men and women, young and old, the whole family washed, this custom still exists today, is said to cure skin diseases, remove the evil spirit.
Drinking bushels of wine, andrographis, and vermilion wine:
Drinking bushels of wine, andrographis, and vermilion wine, and spraying them with wine. Jing Chu Shou Shi Ji (荆楚歲時記)："Take calamus (a perennial herb, born at the water's edge, with a reddish rhizome under the ground, leaves shaped like swords, and fleshy spike inflorescences. The rhizome can be used as a spice or medicine) or skeletonized or crumbled to cold wine." Pu wine has an aromatic flavor and a refreshing taste, and later on, andrographis and vermilion sand were added to the wine. Ming Xie Zhaozhuang "five miscellaneous Tsui": "drink calamus wine also ...... and andrographis into the wine to drink." Ming Feng Yingjing "Moon Order Guangyi": "five days with cinnabar wine, to ward off evil spirits and detoxification, with the wine dye forehead chest hands and feet heart, no will be venomous (an ancient book said a venomous snake) snake's plague. And sprinkle the walls, doors and windows to avoid poisonous insects." This custom is widely spread. To date, such as Guangxi Binyang, every Dragon Boat Festival will have packets of medicine for sale, including Xionghuang, Zhu Lei, cypress, peach kernel, bushels, moxa leaves, etc., people dipped into the wine and then dipped in calamus aiphone sprinkled wall corners, doors, windows, under the bed, etc., and then wine coated with the children's ears, nose and navel to drive away the venomous insects, and pray for the peace of the children. In addition, some areas also use staghorn wine in the end of the child forehead painting "Wang" word, so that children with the mark of the tiger to use the tiger to ward off evil spirits. These activities, from the health point of view, or scientific reasoning. Andrographis plus water and wine sprinkled indoors can be disinfected and sterilized, drinking bushels of sprinkles is also quite beneficial.
Collection of tea, herbal tea:
Some areas in the north, like the Dragon Boat Festival to pick young leaves, wild leaves steamed and dried, made of tea. Guangdong Chaozhou area, people go to the countryside mountains and fields to pick herbs, boiled herbal tea to drink. This is also good for health.
Hanging Mugwort, Calamus and Banyan Branches:
Mugwort, Calamus and Garlic are known as the "Three Friends of Dragon Boat Festival". During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the Dragon Boat Festival was also known as the "Mu Lan Festival", and there was a custom of picking mugwort in the Jingchu area. Picking mugwort to set off before the cock crows, pick the most humanoid mugwort to take back to hang on the door, some will also tie the mugwort into the shape of a tiger, and then paste the mugwort leaves on it. Ai and calamus contains aromatic oils, they and garlic have the same bactericidal effect. During the Dragon Boat Festival, close to the summer solstice, it is the time of cold and summer interactive conversion, from food to clothing, action must pay attention. Baoshan County has a proverb: "did not eat the Dragon Boat Festival dumplings, cold clothes can not be sent; eat the Dragon Boat Festival dumplings, but also freeze three frozen." In ancient times, people lack of scientific concepts, mistakenly believe that diseases are caused by ghosts and evil spirits, so the Dragon Boat Festival this day, people to calamus as a sword, to Ai as a whip, garlic as a hammer, also known as the "three weapons", that you can back snakes, insects, germs, and cut off demons.
There are also places where the Dragon Boat Festival hangs mugwort, calamus (bushy sword) or pomegranate and garlic at the door. Usually the wormwood, banyan, calamus with red paper tied into a bundle, and then inserted or hanging in the door. Because calamus is the first of the Five Rays in the sky, symbolizing the sword to drive away bad luck, because of the season of growth and shape is considered to be the sense of the "hundred yin of the gas", the leaves are sword-shaped, inserted in the doorway to ward off evil spirits. The leaves are sword-shaped and can be inserted in the doorway to avoid evil spirits. Therefore, it was called "Water Sword" by the priests, and later on, it was extended to "Pu Sword" by the custom, which can cut off a thousand evil spirits. Qing Dynasty Gu Tieqing in the "Qing Jia Record" has a paragraph "cut off the bushes for the sword, cut Peng as a whip, vice peach stalks and garlic, hanging in the bed, all to but ghosts". And the Jin Dynasty, "the land and customs" in the "to Ai for the tiger, or cut color for the tiger, post to the Ai leaves, the inner people scramble to cut it. Later, more calamus, or as a human figure, or Xiaojian-like, named Pu Jian, to drive away evil but ghosts.
Hiding Dragon Boat Festival:
The Dragon Boat Festival custom, refers to the new marriage or married women home for the festival. Abbreviated as "hide Wu", also known as "hide Duanwu". Commonly in May, May 5 for the bad month, bad day, all things need to be avoided, because there are women home to avoid the custom of the Dragon Boat Festival. This custom seems to have been formed in the Song Dynasty, Lu You "rich years" poem has "goat cavity wine stretcher to meet the women, the drums and dragon boat * * * race God" line. Jiajing Longqing Zhi" also recorded cloud: "married women called back to the festival". And, "Luanzhou Zhi": "women's new marriage, and then the month of all welcome to return, called 'hide the Dragon Boat Festival'".
Duanwu rain:
The folk year-round accounted for the custom. It is believed that the Dragon Boat Festival rain, inauspicious; on the contrary, auspicious. This kind of popular belief in a long time ago that already existed. Chen Yuanliang "time and age," cited in the "Abstract Record" cloud: "May 5 whistle, people exposure medicine, the year without disaster. When it rains, ghosts expose medicine and people get sick. This Minzhong proverb." Xu Yueqing "second rhyme Shu Li Shizhou open Dragon Boat Festival" Note to the cloud: "Linchuan people said that the rain on the Dragon Boat Festival, the ghosts Wang people disaster. Zhao Huaiyu's poem is also quoted as saying, "No rain on the Duanwu day is a good year".
Dragon Boat:
The word "dragon boat" was first used in the ancient pre-Qin book Mu Tian Zi Biography, Volume 5: "The Son of Heaven took a bird boat and a dragon boat and floated it on the Great Swamp." In the "Nine Songs - Xiangjun", scholars believe that "flying dragons" are dragon boats, as they "drive the flying dragon on the northern expedition, not making progress on our way to the dongting" and "the stone rushing is shallow and the flying dragon is fluttering". Xiangjun" is a poem that describes Xiang people driving a dragon boat and sinking a jade pendant into the river (similar to throwing rice dumplings into the river) in memory of a historical figure. This is with the "soul boat" allusion, and the Chu "characters of the imperial dragon silk painting" like allusion, can be mutually corroborated. The Jing Chu chronicle: "May 5, known as the Bathing Orchid Festival. ...... is the day, racing, racing to pick miscellaneous drugs." .
In rowing dragon boat, and more singing to cheer the dragon boat song circulated. Such as zigui in hubei province rowing dragon boat, there is a complete singing, words and music according to the local folk songs and horns fusion and become, singing sound majestic and magnificent, heart-stopping, that is, "lifting the bow and the phase and the" of the legacy of the wind. Another example is the Dragon Boat Song of Nanxiong County, Guangdong Province, which is sung after the launch of the Dragon Boat in April until the end of the Dragon Boat Festival, with a wide range of performance content.
Jumping Zhong Kui:
Jumping Zhong Kui, Zhong Kui: Since the Jin Dynasty, jumping Zhong Kui, Zhong Kui, blessing the house is the Dragon Boat Festival and the Spring Festival is an important content.2. Hanging Zhong Kui painting. The earliest Zhong Kui painting is said to be from the hand of Wu Daozi, the saint of painting. According to the Northern Song Shen Kuo "Dream Stream Supplementary Pen Talk" records: Tang Ming Huang suffered from a disease for nearly a month, suddenly dreamed of two ghosts. The small ghost stole the Emperor's jade flute and Yang Guifei's purple scented pouch and fled. The big ghost caught the small ghost and routed out its eyes, then broke it and munched on it. The big ghost said: "I am Zhong Kui, that is, the martial arts not successful also, swore to get rid of the world's demons with His Majesty." Tang Ming Huang woke up, that is, healed, then called the painter Wu Daozi, asked him to draw Zhong Kui ghost hunting according to the dream scene, Daozi waved the pen that became, Ming Huang saw, actually exactly the same as the dream, marveled. Later, Zhong Kui painting gradually into the folk, drawing Zhong Kui painting mostly made in May Dragon Boat Festival day, or a few days before and after the Dragon Boat Festival. To the Qing Dynasty, Jiangnan Su, Zhejiang area residents in the lunar month of May in the door or hall hanging Zhong Kui figure in January, in order to drive away evil spirits, remove the evil lead to fortune.
Fighting grass:
No fighting grass before the Han Dynasty. ("Social and common things through the ages - Shang Bing He") origin is not examined, is generally believed to be related to the emergence of Chinese medicine. Ancient ancestors struggled to survive and lived a monotonous life, entertaining themselves by fighting insects, grasses and animals in their spare time, and after the legendary "Shen Nong tasted a hundred herbs" formed the science of traditional Chinese medicine, groups of people went out to the countryside every year to collect medicines at the Dragon Boat Festival, and plugged in Ai on the door in order to solve the muggy poisonous disease, which was a stereotypical custom; after harvesting, they would often hold competitions to report the name of the flower and the name of the herb to each other in the form of a battle, and those with more would win. After the harvest, competitions were often held in which the names of flowers and grasses were announced to each other in the form of duets, with the winner being the one who had more names, which was a wonderful combination of botanical knowledge and literary knowledge. Bai Juyi's poem "Watching Children's Play" says: "Getting dust or fighting grasses, enjoying playing all day long."
The original text of the book says, "It began with the Han Dynasty". According to the Liang Dynasty, Mr. Zong Security Department in the "Jingchu Years and Seasons", "May 5, the four people and step on a hundred grasses, and there is a fight grass play." "Nianhua Ji Li": "Duanwu knot hut storage medicine, fighting grass, wrapped in five silk."
South and North Dynasties, called "step on the grass", the Tang Dynasty, called "fight grass" or "fight grass". Liu Binjiajiu" cloud: "Tang Zhongzong dynasty, Princess Anle five days fight hundred grass." Song Dynasty extended to weekdays at any time. This has been described in the works of the literati throughout the ages.
Beijing Palace Museum collection of "group of infants fighting grass", the game is roughly as follows: the competition between the two sides of the first each pick with a certain toughness of the grass, (Loulan case: more for the plantain, plantain perennial herbaceous plants, mostly born on the side of the road, next to the gully, the ridge, etc.). No stem, with most of the slender fibrous roots; leaves from the inter-root tufts, thin papery, with five main veins, entire or undulate, or sparse blunt teeth, up to 15-30 centimeters; with greenish-white sparsely flowers, corolla four-lobed, four stamens; fruit ripe will be lifted like a lid, releasing four to six brownish-black seeds, and its long flower axis, used to fight the grass of a good material.) Then cross each other into a "cross" shape and each pull with all their strength, and the one who can't stop will win.
Other customs:
Duanwu archery play, "Jin Shi - Rites of Passage": "Jin Liao custom, heavy five days to go to the ground about a few inches of willow, peeling its skin and white. First to a man galloped ahead of the horse, then galloped back to the featherless horizontal tufts of arrows shot. Both broken willow, but also by hand to catch and relax to go for the top. Broken and can not be connected to the second. Every shot must send drums to help its gas." To the Ming Dynasty, is the bird stored in the gourd shot. Playing polo, is also one of the Dragon Boat Festival. Polo, is riding on a horse, holding a stick to play ball, the ancient name for bowing. Cao Zhi of the Three Kingdoms, "the name of the chapter" in the "even hit the bow border" sentence. Chang'an in the Tang dynasty, there is a wide field, Emperor Xuanzong, Jingzong and other emperors like polo. Zhanghuai Prince's tomb in the "polo", painted the Tang Dynasty polo flourished: painting, more than 20 horses galloped, horse tail tied up, the ball player head 幞巾, foot on the boots, holding the ball staff by the ball hit each other.
In addition, Beijing has a custom to visit the Temple of Heaven. The Imperial Capital Scenic Spectacle" Volume II: "May 5, before noon, the group into the Temple of Heaven, the day to avoid poison also. After noon, walking horse altar under the wall. No Jiangcheng tie silk section corn vulgar, but also for corn. No competition in the popular, but also competition in the game." Shanghai also Zhong Kui race, by a man decorated as Zhong Kui, wielding a sword, before holding a paper bat, as "drink Fu to late" shape; followed by a full set of honor guards, walking through the market, in order to drive away the evil spirits. In addition, during the Dragon Boat Festival there are circus, duck activities.