According to the author's investigation, although linseed oil is mainly planted in North China and Northwest China, it is mainly planted in Gansu, North and West Shanxi, North Hebei, Inner Mongolia, Xinjiang and other places. The output is also high, but why do southerners seldom eat linseed oil?
The origin, planting, fertilization and development of flax were mainly introduced. On the one hand, the simple knowledge of flax and linseed oil, planting and fertilization were introduced, and at the same time, the development of linseed oil was put forward.
Flax harvest
I. General situation of flax
Flaxseed is a kind of flax, belonging to flax family. Originated in the Mediterranean coast, it is the general name of oil flax and oil fiber flax in northwest and north China. However, some people put Hu oil and linseed oil together inappropriately, and their pressing methods are completely different.
Flax plants are short, with many branches, thin stems, average fiber content and quality, plant height of about 70 cm and oil content of about 40%. After harvesting seeds, oil is mainly extracted.
Some people regard sesame oil as linseed oil, because sesame is classified as flax, and its oil is also called linseed oil. This is because sesame oil was called linseed oil in ancient times and has medicinal value. Sesame oil has been separated from linseed oil in modern times. The real flax oil is flax produced in the north and west of China.
In recent 20 years, the planting amount and output of flax have decreased correspondingly, while the planting amount of flax in India, Canada and other countries is still quite large.
siritch
2. Why did linseed oil become the main edible oil in northern China?
Flax, as an oil crop, is suitable for planting in cool and high altitude areas.
Flaxseed contains about 22% protein and 45% oil, including more than 60% unsaturated fatty acids, 26% cellulose, 7% carbohydrates, minerals, vitamins and lignin. From the perspective of nutritional components, unsaturated fatty acids have three major benefits to the human body:
1 to ensure the normal physiological activities of human cells;
2. Reduce blood viscosity and improve hypertension symptoms;
3. Improve the human hyperlipidemia environment.
Therefore, the unsaturated fatty acids of flax oil after hot pressing with flax as raw material will not be destroyed, which is quite beneficial to human body.
Shenchi County in the northwest of Shanxi Province is rich in flax. Traditionally, local people exchange flax for flax oil for their own consumption. With local mutton, the physique is the best in northwest Shanxi. This may have a lot to do with diet. Some special foods and eating methods made by farmers in Shenchi county and northwest Shanxi province are also unique.
Flax fried cake
1, flax fried cake
Farmers in northwest Shanxi are hospitable. When guests come, there must be fried cakes in addition to dishes to show respect. Put the cake flour (yellow rice, that is, millet) into a basin, pour in warm water and stir with chopsticks. After mixing, steam in a cage for 20 minutes. After coming out of the cage, dip your hands in cold water and stir the cake evenly. Here, put the sesame oil into five empty pots. After boiling, knead the dough into a ball and take it out of the oil pan. Fry them for a few minutes until they turn yellow, then take them out. Dip them in sugar and eat them.
Flax fried cake, one is a local specialty, and the other is linseed oil, both of which are specialties in northwest Shanxi. The combination of the two has a unique color and taste.
2, sesame oil twist
Twist is found all over the country, but there are two kinds of twist made of linseed oil: soft twist and crisp twist. Both need to be cooled before eating, so as not to burn your tongue with linseed oil. Sesame oil twist is really not greasy, crisp and sweet. The local people stir-fry the twist with flax, mainly when farming. They usually don't go home to cook at noon, so they eat twist as a staple food and drool as a meal. It is also a manifestation of contemporary farmers' frugality.
Shenchi moon cake
3, sesame oil moon cakes
Shenchi moon cakes are famous all over the country. The good thing is that they use sesame oil, and they are willing to use oil. Mooncakes are crisp and tender, and the processing technology is simple, which shows the simple peasant culture. This kind of moon cake can be stored in a porcelain jar for one year, and it will not spoil or rot, which shows the efficacy of linseed oil.
4. Stewed black meat and vegetables with sesame oil
People in northwestern Shanxi are delicious and have the habit of raising sheep. Therefore, when eating at ordinary times, I am very willing to put meat. Pork is cut into large pieces, served with potatoes, vermicelli and tofu (all local specialties), and stewed with Hu oil as the base oil, which will not be so delicious in other areas. Among them, sesame oil is overflowing and unique.
5. Mix the cold dishes with oil and color to increase the flavor.
Northerners like to refuel in cold salad. When pouring oil, heat the oil, mix with pepper, pour it on the cold dish, and immediately feel the fragrance all over the house, and the unique taste of sesame oil will be revealed. When you arrive at the farmhouse, when you cook at noon, you can smell this mouth-watering taste outside the village. It is really a local scenery.
Linseed oil, as an oil, has so many uses, and it is also a delicious food given by God to the people in northwest Shanxi. It also formed the simple feelings of farmers in northwest Shanxi. Even if the local people lose everything, they will not let themselves and their guests suffer in their mouths. This is also a tradition. We once laughed at people in northwest Shanxi and said: Being poor is because you are poor. In fact, it is also a kind of ridicule, without malice.
Flax planting
Third, flax planting, fertilization, pests and diseases
Linseed oil is so delicious and rich in unsaturated fatty acids, which is so good for human body. So, how is flax grown? What preventive measures are there for fertilization and pests? Look down.
1, sowing
Flaxseed is sown in furrows, with a row spacing of about 30-35cm and about 200,000 plants per mu. Some are densely planted as high as 300,000 plants. The production is simple and easy, and farmers in northwest Shanxi are widely used in dry field rotation. Or interplanting corn with flax crops.
After a long summer, flax can be sown at the soil temperature of 3-5 degrees, and it can be harvested when the leaves at the bottom of flax turn yellow or most fruits turn Huang Shi around 10.
Step 2 apply fertilizer
At present, the fertilizer is mainly organic fertilizer after local pig and sheep manure has been decomposed, and the base fertilizer is about 10- 15 kg per mu, mainly nitrogen and phosphorus compound fertilizer. Flaxseed grows naturally without topdressing. Because of its good drought resistance and cold resistance, it is also a labor-saving lazy crop, but harvesting is more troublesome.
3, pest control
The main disease of flax is Fusarium wilt, because the Fusarium wilt was serious in the early 1990 s, which once made it impossible for farmers to plant it. Now, including Shanxi, Inner Mongolia, Gansu and other places have developed corresponding new varieties to deal with flax wilt. Jinya 6, 7 and 13 developed by Alpine Research Institute of Shanxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences are all good varieties to deal with flax Fusarium wilt, and also have corresponding yield-increasing effects.
Step 4 weed control
Because of the particularity of flax, when the seedlings grow to about 5 cm, sometimes there are more weeds and fewer seedlings, so grass control is an important work. Because spraying trifluoling was more common in previous years, there were corresponding phytotoxicity. Now naproxen and dimethyl carbon tetrachloride are used to weed in some areas.
Therefore, in recent years, it is suggested to rotate crops reasonably, or to plant them in the old film of corn, which is both rotation and less grass.
Speaking of which, I need to explain a situation to you. In fact, the actual yield per mu of flax is very low, generally between 200-260 kg, and some will be lower. Judging from the current market price, less than 3 yuan/kg, the total income is only between 500-700 yuan. Apart from the expenses, there are few farmers left. Therefore, the flax planting in northwest Shanxi is not as large as that in Dingbian, Gansu.
The main influence is that foreign flax products are cheaper than domestic ones, attracting flax processors to buy imported flax, which has dealt a great blow to domestic flax planting.
siritch
Fourth, how to make southerners fall in love with linseed oil, the difference between linseed oil and linseed oil.
Authentic linseed oil is so good, so why isn't linseed oil as popular as southern linseed oil? In fact, there are some differences between linseed oil and linseed oil. Of course, we can't deny one and affirm the other. Because the north also produces hemp seed oil. Some people say that linseed oil is also linseed oil. I haven't verified it, but it feels reasonable.
In fact, the main difference between linseed oil and linseed oil is the different pressing methods.
1, flaxseed oil is made by cold pressing process, which does not destroy fatty acids in the oil, and the making process is clean and hygienic, so it is a good oil. However, if it is refined linseed oil, its manufacturing temperature will exceed 200 degrees Celsius, which will destroy the fatty acids in it, but the nutrition will be reduced.
2. Linseed oil is hot pressed, and the process is relatively simple. At the same time, it is squeezed with yellow medium to avoid the astringency of flaxseed. After the sesame oil comes out, it is reddish brown, and there is a small amount of precipitation after a long time, so you should eat it now, not for a long time. But its moon cake products can last for a long time, which seems to be a strange phenomenon. Authentic linseed oil is opaque. As long as it is transparent, it depends on whether it is pure or not.
In this way, linseed oil and linseed oil have their own advantages and disadvantages. However, I believe that after the improvement of the pressing method, linseed oil will be more delicious and practical, and it will not harm fatty acids, so that people all over the country can eat authentic linseed oil.
Flax harvest
The above is a brief introduction to linseed and linseed oil, and why farmers and urban people in northern China prefer to eat linseed oil, as well as the brief process of flax planting, fertilization and pest control, and makes a simple comparison with linseed oil to give friends who want to eat linseed oil a choice. At present, because of its unique unsaturated fatty acids, linseed oil can provide corresponding nutrition for human health, so its market potential is also very considerable. Only good oil crops that need support from all sides in the current situation can stimulate farmers to plant and cooperate with processing enterprises to do a good job in oil production. It is believed that flax, as the five major oil crops in China, will develop better and better.