The efficacy and function of traditional Chinese medicine Pinellia ternata is a raw decoction piece of the original medicinal material, which is cleaned of impurities, screened out of ashes and used as medicine, moistened, sliced and dried, and called Pinellia ternata tablets. Pinellia ternata is very toxic for raw use, so it is not suitable for oral administration. Therefore, those who write Pinellia ternata in the prescription refer to all kinds of processed Pinellia ternata, such as Jiang Banxia, processed Pinellia ternata and clear Pinellia ternata. If it is necessary to use raw Pinellia ternata as medicine, it should be specially indicated. Pinellia ternata is mostly used for external use. In the old days, it was mostly ground to blow the nose and induce saliva to treat syncope, infantile convulsion or sore throat. Recently, it has been applied externally to eliminate carbuncle swelling, gall, tinea and itching.
Pinellia ternata, also known as Faxia, Huangfaxia, Beijing Faxia, Jingxia and Beijing Pinellia ternata. Raw Pinellia ternata is processed with alum, licorice and lime and then used as medicine. Low toxicity and strong expectorant effect. Pinellia ternata is mild in dryness, which can not only eliminate dampness and resolve phlegm, but also regulate spleen and stomach. It is often used for the syndrome of spleen deficiency and dampness stagnation and phlegm retention, and it has the effects of clearing phlegm and resolving phlegm, regulating spleen and stomach.
Jiang Banxia, also known as Jiangxia and Jiangxia tablets. Soak raw Pinellia ternata in water until it tastes spicy, cook it with fresh ginger and alum until it is thorough, take it out and air it to 60% or 70% dry, then slice it and air it as medicine. Jiang Banxia's toxicity has been reduced, and its nature is slightly warm and dry, and it has the functions of eliminating dampness, resolving phlegm, reducing adverse reactions and stopping vomiting. It is suitable for patients with spleen deficiency, excessive phlegm and saliva, nausea and cough due to cold phlegm.
Clear Pinellia ternata, also known as clear water Pinellia ternata, clear summer and clear summer tablets. Raw Pinellia ternata is processed with alum and used as medicine. Clearing the toxicity and pungent dryness of Pinellia ternata is reduced, and the expectorant effect is enhanced, so it is suitable for those who are weak and have excessive phlegm and mild cold and dampness.
Xianbanxia, also known as Xianlu Banxia. Raw Pinellia ternata is soaked in the decoction of licorice, Schisandra chinensis, green tangerine peel, Fructus Aurantii, Fructus Aurantii Immaturus, Rhizoma Ligustici Chuanxiong, Aquilaria Resinatum, etc. 14, and then dried for taking medicine. The toxicity of Pinellia ternata is reduced, and the effect of regulating qi and resolving phlegm is enhanced.
Green salt Pinellia ternata, also known as salt Pinellia ternata. Soak Pinellia ternata with green salt water and dry it in the sun for medicine. The toxicity of green salt Pinellia ternata is reduced, and the effect of clearing heat and resolving phlegm is enhanced. It is mostly used to treat scrofula, phlegm-core, plum-core gas and other diseases, and can eliminate phlegm and dissipate stagnation.
Pinellia ternata with bamboo juice, for the purpose of clearing Pinellia ternata, sprinkle with fresh bamboo juice and mix well. When the bamboo juice is completely absorbed, dry it in the sun and use it as medicine. Pinellia ternata with bamboo juice has enhanced effects of clearing away heat, resolving phlegm and relieving cough. It is suitable for vomiting due to stomach heat, expectoration due to lung heat, yellow and thick, sticky, phlegm-heat stagnation, apoplexy and so on.
Su Banxia, also known as Su Xia. In order to clean Pinellia ternata, ginger, mirabilite, licorice and Gleditsia sinensis were soaked in water and taken out, then further processed with licorice, green salt, codonopsis pilosula and Fritillaria cirrhosa, and dried for medicine. Su Banxia's effect of lowering qi, resolving phlegm and relieving asthma is enhanced, and it is suitable for spleen-stomach disharmony, restless sleeping at night, or children's food stagnation, cough, asthma and vomiting.
Pharmacological effects of Pinellia ternata
Respiratory system function
1, antitussive: the alkaloids in Pinellia ternata can inhibit the antitussive effect of cough center. The decoctions of raw Pinellia ternata, Jiang Banxia Pinellia ternata and processed Pinellia ternata have obvious antitussive effects on the cough caused by injecting iodine solution into the chest cavity of cats or electrically stimulating the superior laryngeal nerve. The antitussive effect of 0.6g/kg is close to that of codeine 1mg/kg.
2. Eliminating phlegm: intraperitoneal injection of Pinellia ternata decoction in rats can obviously inhibit the secretion of pilocarpine on saliva. Ethanol extracts of raw Pinellia ternata and clean Pinellia ternata were given to mice by gavage. Phenol red method showed that the ethanol extracts of clean Pinellia ternata had certain expectorant effect, but raw Pinellia ternata had no obvious effect. Zou Jilong and other studies show that the longer the storage time of Pinellia ternata, the stronger the expectorant effect.
Digestive system function
1, antiemetic and emetic: processed Pinellia ternata can activate vagal efferent activity and have antiemetic effect, while raw Pinellia ternata can? A halberd throat? Disgusting? . Pinellia ternata can prolong the incubation period of vomiting in dogs caused by copper sulfate or not, and can antagonize the vomiting in dogs injected with dehydrated morphine hydrochloride subcutaneously, which is not affected by Radix Aconiti.
2. Anti-ulcer effect: Pinellia ternata decoction and alcohol precipitation can reduce the secretion of gastric juice, reduce the free acidity and total acidity of gastric juice, inhibit the activity of pepsin, protect gastric mucosa, promote the repair of gastric mucosa, and have the effect of resisting pyloric ligation ulcer, indomitable ulcer and stress ulcer in rats.
3. Effect on liver and gallbladder: Pinellia ternata can promote bile secretion in rabbits, increase corticosterone in blood of mice, enhance the induction of corticosterone on liver-related aminotransferase, and increase the activity of liver-related aminotransferase.
Circulatory system action
1, antiarrhythmic effect: Intravenous injection of Pinellia ternate infusion can make ventricular premature beats caused by barium chloride disappear quickly without recurrence, with an effective rate of 97%. It can make the ventricular tachycardia caused by adrenaline quickly turn into sinus rhythm, and the effective rate is 96%.
2. Anticoagulant effect: Pinellia ternata has obvious effect of reducing triglyceride and low density lipoprotein, which can reduce whole blood viscosity, inhibit erythrocyte aggregation and improve erythrocyte deformability. Pinellia ternata protein is the only known protein with lectin effect that only binds mannitol but not glucose. It has specific hemagglutination activity with rabbit red blood cells, and its concentration is as low as 12? G/mL still has agglutination. In addition, Pinellia ternata protein can agglutinate red blood cells of sheep, dogs, cats, guinea pigs, rats, mice and pigeons, but it has no agglutination effect on red blood cells of human, monkeys, pigs, chickens, ducks and toads. It is suggested that the cell agglutination of Pinellia ternata protein has not only animal species specificity but also cell class specificity.
Morphological characteristics of Pinellia ternata
Tubers are spherical, with a diameter of 1~2 cm and fibrous roots. 2~5 leaves, sometimes 1 leaf. The petiole is 15~20 cm long, with a sheath at the base, and there are beads with a diameter of 3~5 mm in the sheath, above the sheath or at the base of the leaf (petiole tip), which germinate on the mother plant or after landing; The leaves of seedlings are ovoid-heart-shaped to halberd-shaped, which are all single leaves, 2~3 cm long and 2~2.5 cm wide; The leaves of the old plant are 3-lobed, with green lobes, pale back, oblong oval or lanceolate, sharp at both ends, and the middle lobe is 3 3~ 10/0cm long and1~ 3cm wide. Lateral lobes slightly shorter; Entire or with inconspicuous shallow wavy rounded teeth, with 8~ 10 pairs of lateral veins, thin and thin, reticulate and dense veinlets, with 2 circles of collective veins.
The peduncle is 25~30(~35) cm long and longer than the petiole. The spathe is green or green-white, the tube is narrow and cylindrical, and the length is 1.5~2 cm. The eaves are long and round, green, sometimes with blue-purple edges, 4 ~ 5cm long and1.5cm wide, blunt or sharp. Spike: the female inflorescence is 2 cm long and the male inflorescence is 5~7 mm long, with an interval of 3 mm; The adnexa turns green to blue-purple, 6~ 10 cm long, erect, sometimes? S? Shape bending.
Berries are ovoid, yellow-green, and the apex narrows into a distinct style. The flowering period is from May to July, and the fruit matures in August.