The staple food should be quantitative, not to eat more or less;
Protein should be sufficient, while ensuring the intake of high-quality protein, such as fish, poultry, lean meat, eggs, soybean products, skim milk, etc.
Eat less foods with high fat and cholesterol, such as fat, animal offal, skin, chocolate, fried food, meat soup, crab roe, etc., and be wary of "invisible" fats, such as vegetable oil, nuts, whole milk and dairy products;
Ensure that vegetables are fresh enough, and pay attention to reducing the damage to nutrients as much as possible when processing and cooking, such as washing first and then cutting, stir-frying with strong fire and cold salad; Fruit should be moderate, and eating more will also increase energy.
It is best to eat water between meals. Garlic has many health functions, mainly sterilization and anti-inflammatory, and is effective for many bacterial and viral infections. Eating garlic often can prevent influenza, diphtheria, dysentery and other diseases. Garlic also has the function of preventing cancer, because garlic can block the chemical synthesis of nitrosamine, a carcinogen, and inhibit the growth of cancer cells. Garlic is rich in selenium, which can accelerate the decomposition of peroxides in the body and reduce the oxygen supply required by malignant tumors, thus inhibiting cancer cells. Therefore, most cancers in garlic-producing areas are much lower than those in other areas. Garlic also has the function of lowering blood lipid. Eat 1~2 heads of garlic every day, and the blood lipid can be reduced to normal after 3 months. Because of this effect, garlic has the function of lowering blood pressure, preventing coronary heart disease and diabetes, and has a good anti-aging effect. Dietary points of people with high uric acid:
1) Choose fresh milk and egg white as the main sources of protein, because these two foods have the lowest purine content, and lean meat, fish and poultry should be restricted, not exceeding100g per day;
2) Do not use or carefully use foods with high purine content, such as coarse grains, seafood, beans and their products;
3) Vegetables are mainly light-colored, such as white gourd, Chinese cabbage, cabbage, radish, etc.
4) Appropriate amount of edible fungi and algae food can be used;
5) Resolutely ban all kinds of alcohol.
Dietary principles of hypertension:
First, limit sodium salt and increase potassium intake.
1, reduce cooking salt;
2, less salt-stained food;
3. Pay attention to cooking methods;
4. Reduce the salt content of non-staple food;
5. Foods containing potassium: bananas, orange juice, peanuts, beans and bean products, dried mushrooms, laver, potatoes, Chinese cabbage, rape, cauliflower, tomatoes, white gourd, apples, pears, peaches, plums and purple grapes.
Second, avoid too much animal fat
Patients with hypertension over 40 years old should give up eating foods rich in cholesterol, even if their blood cholesterol content is not high and they are not complicated with arteriosclerosis. The daily intake of cholesterol should be less than 300 mg, and it is generally better to choose 100 g of food with cholesterol below 100 mg. (The cholesterol content table is attached)
Third, limit the use of low-fat, low-cholesterol foods, don't eat too much, and eat less sweets.
Fourth, protein should always eat some lean meat, chicken, fish, tofu, bean products, bean sprouts and so on. If the blood lipid is not high, you can eat an egg every day.
5. Ensure adequate vitamins and eat more fresh vegetables and fruits.
Six, supplement calcium and magnesium
1, calcium supplementation is beneficial to lowering blood pressure;
2. Foods rich in calcium: skim milk, bean products, shrimp skin, etc.
3. Magnesium has the functions of sedation, spasmolysis and blood pressure reduction;
4. Foods rich in magnesium: mushrooms, shrimps, pineapples, amaranth, bean products, longan, etc.
Seven, zinc supplementation and cadmium limitation can raise blood pressure, zinc can antagonize the role of cadmium, and the zinc/cadmium ratio should be increased in diet. Foods with high zinc/cadmium ratio: coarse grains, beans, nuts, etc., should be eaten frequently.
Eight, quit smoking alcohol Patients with hypertension must definitely quit smoking alcohol, tea and coffee can be unlimited, but it should not be too strong.
Nine, the diet should not be too full. Every meal should be controlled at 80% full. Overfullness can increase the heart load, and it is not appropriate to sleep or exercise immediately after meals.
Ten, breakfast must be eaten without breakfast can increase cholesterol. You can eat steamed bread, bread, rice porridge, fat-free milk, soybean milk and so on for breakfast. We should also change the problem of eating snacks. In order to reduce the sudden onset of heart disease, drinking water in the morning is particularly important.
Eleven, hypertension patients with complications should pay attention to the following points:
1, combined with hyperlipidemia: eat more fresh vegetables and fruits, and the diet must be low in fat and cholesterol;
2. Complicated with heart failure: sodium salt should be strictly limited and water should be properly limited. If there is no renal function damage, eat more foods containing high-quality protein. 3. Complicated with diabetes: reduce staple foods such as rice and increase vegetables and soy products;
4. Combined with renal insufficiency: protein should be controlled at about 30 grams per day, pay attention to the changes of blood biochemistry, and appropriately adjust the intake of sodium and potassium.
Twelve, the nutritional requirements are low in fat, cholesterol, calories and salt; High in protein, vitamins and trace elements.
What should be paid attention to in hyperlipidemia, hypertension, fatty liver and diabetes?
Traditionally, the cause of diabetes is the imbalance of insulin secretion in the pancreas of the body. Under normal circumstances, people's blood sugar is 3.9-6.1mmoi/L. If it exceeds this value, it is regarded as hyperglycemia (not necessarily diabetes), but hyperglycemia can easily induce diabetes.
When the food in people's stomachs is absorbed by the intestines and stomach, it enters the blood and is decomposed into polysaccharide by the liver. The pancreas will automatically secrete insulin according to the amount of sugar in the blood to decompose polysaccharide and supply it to all parts of the body to form energy.
If people's behavior is abnormal, such as overnutrition, excessive intake of high-protein and high-fat food, excessive drinking, too little physical labor and physical exercise, and a large amount of fat accumulation, it will lead to high blood sugar. When blood sugar is too high (at this time, blood lipids may also exceed the standard), it is possible to form diabetes. What people usually call "three highs" are hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and hypertension, which are not isolated. Generally, two or three items exist at the same time, so physical labor and physical exercise are two or three.
What is the effect of "three highs"?
1. Apple: Apple is known as the "king of fruits", which can greatly reduce the risk of death of patients with coronary heart disease and is an ideal food for the prevention and treatment of coronary heart disease.
Crataegus pinnatifida: Crataegus pinnatifida is a mature fruit of a deciduous shrub in Rosaceae. It is mild in nature, sweet and sour in taste, and has the functions of promoting digestion, removing stasis and promoting stagnation. As early as the Ming Dynasty, Li Shizhen, a Chinese medical scientist, used hawthorn to treat diseases caused by eating too much meat.
Third, kelp: kelp is a healthy food and a good medicine for treating diseases. Kelp contains an effective component called kelp polysaccharide, which can reduce the content of total cholesterol and triglyceride in serum.
Mushroom food: Mushroom food is the general name of mushroom, straw mushroom, Lentinus edodes, Pleurotus ostreatus and other mushroom foods. It is a healthy food with high protein, low fat and rich natural vitamins, and has many unique health care functions.
Five: Onion: Onion, also known as onion and jade onion, belongs to Liliaceae. It is native to northwest India, so our country calls it onion. Onion is rich in protein, sugar, vitamins b2, b6, C, carotene, thiamine, nicotinic acid, calcium, phosphorus, iron, selenium and other elements, as well as a variety of chemicals, and almost no fat.
6. Garlic Garlic is known as a "green doctor". In ancient China, famous doctors such as Hua Lun and Li Shizhen used garlic to treat various diseases. In ancient Egypt, Greece, India and other countries, there are also various legends about using garlic to treat diseases.
Vii. Beans: Beans include soybeans (such as soybeans, black beans, green beans, red beans, etc.), broad beans, peas, red beans, mung beans, etc. They are good sources of human protein and healthy foods for preventing and treating hyperlipidemia and coronary heart disease. Protein content in beans is high, and the quality is also good, especially in soybeans, which contain about 40 grams of protein per100g of soybeans. Other beans, such as broad bean, red bean and mung bean, also contain 20-25g of protein per100g.
Experts pointed out that100g of soybean milk contains1.8 ~ 4.4g of soybean protein,100g of tofu contains 72 ~1/kloc-0.4g of soybean protein, and100g of soybean powder contains 35.3 ~.
Food selection
Available food: grain, especially coarse grains, beans and their products, vegetables, fruit yogurt, skim milk, egg white, fish, skinless chicken, beef and poultry. Fresh mushrooms, red beans, mung beans, fish, vegetables, fungus, walnuts, sesame seeds, etc.
② It is necessary to control the intake of the following five types of foods with high cholesterol.
Eggs: the yolk of eggs, such as egg yolk, duck egg yolk, salted egg yolk, preserved egg yolk, etc.
Meat: fat meat, chicken skin and wings, chicken feet, sausages, sausages, bacon, etc.
Animal viscera: lung, kidney, liver, intestine, etc.
Seafood: cuttlefish, squid, crab roe, fish head, etc.
Oils: cream, butter, chicken oil, lard, coconut and palm oil (contained in many biscuits and instant noodles).
③ Choose the following oils to ingest polyunsaturated fatty acids.
These oils include olive oil, soybean oil, corn oil, sesame oil, cottonseed oil, safflower oil and sunflower oil. They are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, which can lower the blood cholesterol level.
In addition, omega -3 fatty acids are also polyunsaturated fatty acids, which mainly exist in some marine fish, so marine fish and fish oil are suitable for patients with hyperlipidemia. Studies have shown that the prevalence of hyperlipidemia and coronary heart disease in Japanese who eat more fish and Mediterranean coastal residents who eat more olive oil is very low.
In order to cooperate with diet therapy to treat fatty liver, several commonly used anti-fatty liver prescriptions are specially selected:
One side: 20-30g of Alisma orientale, 0/5-20g of Polygonum multiflorum Thunb./kloc-,0/5-20g of cassia obtusifolia, 0/5-20g of salvia miltiorrhiza/kloc-,30g of raw hawthorn, 0/5-20g of Polygonatum sibiricum and Polygonum cuspidatum.
Indications: Obese fatty liver.
Usage: decoct in water, one dose a day, and take it in the morning and evening.
The second prescription: Ruangan Xiaoji drink seaweed, Thallus Laminariae and Hedyotis diffusa each 30g, Radix Curcumae, Bulbus Fritillariae Cirrhosae and Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae each15g, Radix Bupleuri, Carapax Trionycis preparata and Squama Manis each10g, and Alismatis Rhizoma and Ginseng Radix each 30-60g.
Indications: fatty liver after hepatitis.
Usage: decoct with water, one dose per day. Take it in the morning and evening.
Three parties: 6 grams of Bupleurum chinense, 6 grams of Rhizoma Sparganii and 6 grams of Rhizoma Curcumae; Fructus Aurantii Immaturus, Radix Codonopsis and Carapax Trionycis (fried first) each10g, Radix Angelicae Sinensis, Poria, Fructus Toosendan each12g, Radix Paeoniae Rubra and Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae each15g, and 30g of raw hawthorn.
Indications: fatty liver after hepatitis and obese fatty liver.
Usage: decoction, daily 1 dose, divided in the morning and evening. Fruit; It is necessary to limit the intake of drinks and drinks, and drink them occasionally, not exceeding 50 grams;
There are many opportunities to watch TV during holidays, so don't "forget yourself" and eat snacks, otherwise the standard of the previous dinner will also affect the "three highs" index, and more outdoor walks can reduce the physical burden. While following the above principles, people with different high indexes have different points to pay attention to.
Dietary points of people with hyperglycemia:
1) Avoid sugary foods, such as candy, chocolate and cream cakes;
2) Eat coarse grains and potatoes instead of staple foods, such as oats, buckwheat, coix seed, potatoes, etc.
3) Eat less porridge, because porridge is easy to digest and difficult to quantify, and blood sugar is easy to rise after meals;
4) Cooking oil should not exceed 25g per day; 5) Eat more vegetables that help to reduce blood sugar, such as celery, cucumber, tomato, white radish, mung bean sprouts, bitter gourd, green vegetables, etc.
6) Eat more bacteria and algae foods, such as mushrooms, straw mushrooms, Flammulina velutipes, kelp, laver, etc.
7) Deduct the corresponding staple food when eating fruits, such as 150 grams of apples, deducting 25 grams of rice; 8) Don't drink water and drinks when blood sugar is unstable.
Dietary points of people with hyperlipidemia:
1) The daily intake of fat should not exceed 50g, and the lean meat should be between100-150g, so it is advisable to drink skim milk;
2) The daily cooking oil is about 20g, and try to choose olive oil and tea oil rich in monounsaturated fatty acids.
3) Appropriate selection of foods that help to reduce blood fat, such as vegetables and fruits rich in fiber, bean products rich in phytosterols, and bacteria and algae foods rich in crude fiber.