First, the common equipment of Chinese and Western pastry

According to their nature, the commonly used equipment of Chinese and western pastry can be divided into mechanical equipment, heating and ripening equipment, constant temperature equipment, storage equipment and work desk.

(1) Mechanical equipment

Mechanical equipment is an important equipment for pastry production, which can not only reduce the labor intensity of producers and stabilize product quality, but also help improve labor productivity and facilitate large-scale production.

1, dough mixer

The dough mixer, also known as the powder mixer, mainly uses materials to mix various powders. It is mainly composed of motor, transmission device, flour box agitator, control switch and other parts. It uses mechanical movement to make flour, water or other ingredients into flour blanks, which is often used to prepare a large number of flour blanks. The working efficiency of the dough mixer is 5 to 10 higher than that of manual operation, and it is the most commonly used machine in pastry making.

2, the dough press

The dough pressing machine, also known as the rolling machine, is composed of machine frame, motor, conveyor belt, roller, shaft adjuster and other components. Its function is to press the mixed dough through the gap between the rollers into leather with the required thickness (i.e. various dough rolls and dough skins) for further processing.

3. Splitter

The dividing mechanism is complex and has various types. Its main purpose is to divide the preliminarily fermented dough evenly and make it into a certain shape. It is characterized by fast segmentation speed, accurate molecular weight and standardized forming.

4. Kneading machine

Kneading machine is one of the equipment for bread forming, which is mainly used for bread rounding.

5. Egg beater

Egg beater, also known as blender, is composed of motor, transmission device and mixing barrel. It mainly uses the mechanical movement of the agitator to beat the egg liquid, sauce, cream, etc., and generally has the function of subsection speed change or stepless speed change. Multifunctional egg beater also has the functions of kneading dough, whipping and stuffing mixing, so it is widely used.

6. jiaozi forming machine

At present, the jiaozi forming machine produced in China is an enema dumpling machine. When in use, the mixed flour and stuffing are put into the flour bucket and the stuffing bucket respectively, and the stuffing is filled into the flour tube to form an "enema" under the push of their respective propellers, and then a single jiaozi is made by rolling and cutting.

7. Meat grinder

The meat grinder is used for ground meat stuffing, bean paste stuffing, etc. Its principle is to use the central shaft to push the raw materials to the cross knife, and through the adjustment and rotation of the cross knife, the raw materials are combined into a paste for further processing.

8. refiner

The refiner is mainly used to grind rice pulp, soybean milk, etc. Its principle is to make the raw materials look like pulp through the high-speed rotation of the grinding disc for further processing.

In addition, there are extrusion molding machines, noodle machines, moon cake molding machines and so on.

(2) Heating mature equipment

1, cooking range

At present, there are two types of cooking methods and cooking stoves suitable for steaming and boiling: steam cooking stoves and combustion cooking stoves.

(1) steam cooking range

It is a kind of heating equipment widely used in the kitchen at present, which is generally divided into steamer and steam pressure cooker.

Steaming box is steam to conduct heat energy and steam food directly. Compared with the traditional coal fire steamer heating method, it has the advantages of convenient operation, safe use, low labor intensity, cleanliness and high thermal efficiency.

Steam pressure cooker (also known as steam jacketed cooker) is the purpose of heating food by introducing hot steam into the interlayer of the cooker to exchange heat energy with the water in the cooker, so as to make the water boil. It overcomes the shortcomings that the color and flavor of food are easily changed and even coked when heated by naked fire. In pastry technology, it is often used to make syrup, concentrated jam, fried bean paste stuffing, lotus paste stuffing and jujube paste stuffing.

(2) The combustion cooking stove (that is, the traditional fire cooking stove) is a kind of equipment that uses the combustion of coal, diesel oil, gas and other energy sources to generate heat, boil the water in the pot, and use the convection heat transfer effect of water or steam to make the green body mature. At present, most hotels and guesthouses use gas stoves, mainly by using the size of firepower to adjust the water temperature or steam to make the green body mature. Its characteristic is that it is suitable for heating a small number of products. When using, we must pay attention to standard operation to ensure safety.

2, far infrared baking oven

Far-infrared baking oven (also called "far-infrared baking oven") is a necessary mature electric heating equipment for pastry kitchens in most restaurants and hotels at present. It is suitable for baking Chinese and western pastry, and has the advantages of fast heating, high efficiency and energy saving.

Far infrared ray is a kind of radio electromagnetic wave that travels straight at the speed of light, and its wavelength is between 3~ 1000 micron. It is an invisible and heating radiation. When far infrared rays radiate to an object, some of them are reflected back, some of them penetrate the object and continue to radiate, and some of them are absorbed by the object and converted into heat energy. Far-infrared electric oven is to use far-infrared absorbed by the heated object to directly convert it into heat energy, so that the object itself heats up and heats up, so as to achieve the purpose of ripening the green body.

The commonly used far infrared electric ovens are single-door, double-door, multi-layer and other models, generally equipped with automatic temperature controller, timer, buzzer alarm, etc. Advanced electric ovens can also adjust the upper and lower fires respectively, with special functions such as steam injection. It is simple and hygienic to use, and can hold 2~ 10 (or more) baking trays at the same time.

3. Far-infrared multifunctional electric steamer

Far-infrared multifunctional electric steamer takes power as energy source, uses far-infrared electric heating tube to convert electric energy into heat energy, and achieves the purpose of ripening green body through the action of heat transfer medium (water or oil, metal). Because of its advantages of simple operation, rapid temperature rise, rapid heating, sanitation and cleanliness, no pollution, and many mature uses such as steaming, boiling, frying, frying and searing, it is being widely used at present.

4. Microwave oven

Microwave oven is a new type of heating equipment which has been widely used abroad in recent years and has been gradually recognized and adopted by Chinese consumers.

Microwave is an ultra-high frequency electromagnetic wave with a frequency of 300 ~ 300,000 MHz, which is between radio wave and infrared wave. Microwave heating means that microwave energy is emitted by microwave elements and transmitted to microwave heater by waveguide, which makes microwave heating have obvious advantages such as short heating time, strong penetrating ability, instantaneous temperature rise, low food nutrition loss and high yield. However, due to its no "naked flame" phenomenon, the product lacks the caramelization effect of sugar when it is mature, and its color is poor.

(3) Constant temperature equipment

Thermostatic equipment is an indispensable equipment for making pastry and bread, which is mainly used for fermentation, refrigeration and freezing of raw materials and food. Commonly used are fermentation boxes, electric freezers (boxes), refrigerators and ice cream machines.

1, fermentation box

There are many models and sizes of fermentation boxes. The fermentation box is mostly made of stainless steel, which is composed of sealed outer frame, movable door, stainless steel bracket, power control switch, sink, temperature and temperature adjustment. The working principle of the women's fermentation box is that the water in the sink is heated and evaporated by electric heating pipes, so that the dough can be fully fermented and expanded under strict temperature and humidity. For example, when bread is fermented, the fermentation box is generally adjusted to a set temperature before fermentation.

2, electric freezer (box)

Electric freezer (box) is the main equipment for making modern West Point. According to the structure, there are two types: direct cooling (natural convection of cold air) and air cooling (forced circulation of cold air), and according to the use, there are two types: preservation and low temperature freezing. No matter what kind of freezer (box), it has a heat insulation shell and a refrigeration system, and its refrigeration temperature range is -40℃~ 10℃. It has the functions of automatic constant temperature control, automatic defrosting, etc., which is convenient to use, and can be used for cold preservation or freezing processing of point raw materials, semi-finished products or finished products.

3. Refrigerator

Refrigerators are mainly used to prepare ice cubes, crushed ice and ice flakes. It consists of an evaporator ice mold, a water spray, a circulating water pump, a demoulding heating wire, an ice chute, an ice storage tank and the like. The whole ice-making process is automatic. First, the ice-making system is used for refrigeration, and the water is sprayed by the water pump on the mold of the relevant authorities to gradually freeze into ice cubes. Then, the refrigeration is stopped, and the ice cubes are demoulded with electric heating wires, and then enter the ice storage tank along the slideway, and then taken out manually for refrigeration.

4. Ice cream machine

The ice cream machine consists of a refrigeration system and a stirring system. When making, the prepared liquid raw materials are put into the container of the stirring system, and cooled while stirring. Because of the high hygiene requirements of ice cream, ice cream machines are generally made of stainless steel, which is not easy to contaminate food and is easy to disinfect.

(4) storage equipment

1, locker

Lockers are mostly made of stainless steel (also made of wood), which are used to hold rice, flour and other grains.

2, basin

Generally, there are wooden pots, earthen pots, aluminum pots, enameled pots, stainless steel pots, etc., with a diameter of 30~80cm and other specifications, which are used for kneading dough, making dough, filling and holding things.

3. Buckets

Barrels are generally divided into stainless steel or plastic barrels, which are mainly used to hold raw materials such as flour and sugar.

(5) Work desk

The work desk refers to the workbench that specializes in making bread, also known as the desk and chopping board. It is a necessary equipment for pastry making. Due to the different materials of desks, there are four common desks: stainless steel desk, wooden desk, marble desk and plastic desk.

1, stainless steel desk

Generally, the whole stainless steel desk is made of stainless steel, and the thickness of stainless steel plate on the surface is between 0.8 ~1.2mm. It is required to be flat, smooth and free from convex and concave phenomena. Because of its beautiful appearance, clean sanitation, smooth and bright countertops and good heat transfer properties, stainless steel countertops are widely used in hotels and guesthouses at present.

2. Wooden desk

Most of the countertops of wooden desks are made of boards with a thickness of more than 6~ 10cm, and the underframe is generally made of iron and wood. Jujube is the best material for the countertop, followed by willow. The desk should be firm, firm and stable, and the surface should be smooth, smooth and seamless. This is a traditional desk.

3. Marble counter

The table top of a marble countertop is generally made of marble with a thickness of about 4cm. Because the marble countertop is heavy, its underframe requires special firmness, stability and strong supporting capacity. Compared with the wooden desk, it is flatter and smoother, with good heat dissipation and strong corrosion resistance, and is an ideal equipment for sugar work.

4, plastic desk

Plastic countertops are soft in texture, strong in corrosion resistance and not easy to be damaged. It is suitable for processing and making all kinds of products, and their quality is better than that of wooden countertops.

Second, the common tools of Chinese and Western pastry

The production of pastry depends largely on various tools. Because there are great differences in the methods of making dots in different places, the tools used are also different. According to the production process of pastry, its production tools can be divided into leather making tools, molding tools, mature tools and other tools.

(1) Leather making tools

1, flour stick

The flour stick is an indispensable tool for making leather blanks. All kinds of flour sticks vary in thickness and shortest length. Generally speaking, the ones used for rolling noodles and wonton skins are longer, and the ones used for making crispy skin or rolling sesame cakes are shorter, which can be selected according to needs.

2, heart hammer

The hammer, also known as the walking hammer, is shaped like a roller with a hollow center for the hand to insert into the axis and roll back and forth when in use. Because of its heavy weight, the hammer can save labor when rolling skin, and it is an essential tool for rolling large pieces of dough, such as crisping large pieces of pastry, making skin of rolled pastry, etc.

3. One-handed stick

One-handed stick, also known as small noodle stick, is generally 25~40cm long, with uniform thickness at both ends and slightly thicker in the middle. It is a special tool for rolling dumpling wrappers, and is also commonly used for pastry forming, such as pastry forming.

4. Two-handed staff

Two-handed sticks, also known as noodle sticks, are generally 25~30cm long, slightly thinner at both ends and slightly thicker in the middle. When used, two sticks are used together, and both hands cooperate at the same time. They are often used for rolling steamed dumplings and dumplings.

In addition, there are olive sticks, Hua Gun and other leather tools.

(2) Forming tools

1, the impression is mainly made of wood, carved into various shapes, with various specifications such as single concave and multi-concave, and the bottom surface is engraved with various patterns and characters. The blank forms exquisite pastry with consistent patterns and specifications through the die, such as Cantonese moon cakes, mung bean cakes, crystal cakes and cakes.

2. Moulding

Mould sets, also known as flower stamps, are made of steel or stainless steel skins, which are round, oval, diamond and various flower-and-bird shapes, etc., and are often used to make pastry, such as biscuits, etc.

3. Mould

Mould, also known as cup mould, is made of stainless steel, aluminum alloy and copper skin, with round and oval shapes, and is mainly used for shaping cakes, puddings, towers, pies and bread.

4. Flower mouth

Flower nozzle, also known as flower mounting nozzle and flower mounting faucet, is made of copper skin or stainless steel skin, and has various specifications, which can be selected according to the needs of patterns and patterns. When the flower nozzle is used, the slurry is put into an extrusion bag, and the required patterns are formed through the flower nozzle during extrusion, such as cake decoration, cream cookie decoration and the like.

5. Flower pliers and floats

Flower pincers are generally made of copper or stainless steel sheets, which are used for the flower pincer modeling of various fancy pastry; Float is to use the small roller of float to leave various patterns on the pastry, such as bean paste sandwich cake and apple pie.

(3) Mature tools

It is mainly matched with mature equipment, such as baking tray, boiling pot, frying spoon, spatula, spatula and so on.

(4) Other tools

There are mainly scraper, spatula, serrated knife, powder sieve, egg beater, brush, stuffing pick, pomegranate board, small scissors and so on.