The first dynasty with direct written records in the history of China was Shang Dynasty, which was about 1600 BC to 1046 BC. Shang Dynasty, also known as Yin and Yin Shang, is the second dynasty in the history of China and the first dynasty in China with direct written records of the same period.

Shang Tang, the leader of Shang tribe in Xia, Shang and Zhou Dynasties, led the vassal states to be destroyed in the battle of Mingtiao, and established the Shang Dynasty in Bo (now Shangqiu). After his descendant Pan Geng moved to Yin (now Anyang), he was called Yin Shang.

From BC 1600 to BC 1046, it went through three stages. The first stage is "before negotiation". The second stage is "early business". The third stage was "Late Shang Dynasty", which lasted for 600 years from 17 to 3 1 year. Shang Zhouwang, the last king, was defeated by Zhou Wuwang in the battle of Makino and died.

The Shang Dynasty was in the heyday of slavery, and slave owners and nobles were the ruling classes, forming a huge bureaucratic ruling institution and army.