The most perfect. Datura is a "picture of the universe in the mind" when monks and Tibetans practice the secret method every day. There are four kinds of * * *, that is, the so-called "four-person phase", which is generally round or square, quite symmetrical and has a central point.
Datura is a transliteration of Sanskrit Datura; Mandala also translates "Roman", "Slow Rollo" and "Roman". Datura is defined as "altar", "altar", "altar city", "full wheel" and "gathering"; Tibetan dkyil-vkhor, transliterated as "Ji Lang", literally translated as
Purple MANDALA
"Zhongwai" is the center of esoteric traditional practice energy. According to the various meanings of Datura, it is a "harmonious and orderly arrangement of all things" made by various religions to describe or express their religious model of the universe, or to express the cosmic reality seen by their religions, thus expressing the reality of "harmony of all things" in the universe.
According to the Great Sun Sutra and the Jingangding Sutra, the esoteric religion is arranged in the meeting place of various gods and the second side of religious achievements.
datura
On the other hand, there are two mandalas, Fetal Tibetan and King Kong, which respectively show that "every religious talent who was originally a Buddha has been protected and cultivated by the guru Buddha.
datura
The meaning of "China" and "the supreme religious achievement unmoved by gold requires the priests to strive for self-improvement". Among the teachings and rituals that can "become a Buddha", there are four kinds of Datura, Samaya Datura, Dharma Datura and karma Datura. The five secrets of esoteric Buddhism, namely "wisdom of great circle mirror, wisdom of equality, wisdom of wonderful view, wisdom of achievement and wisdom of dharma body" and three secrets of "body, mouth and heart", are all hidden in these mandalas in the form of symbols.
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accretion of culture
Datura, also known as Datura flower, morning glory, eggplant and so on. , mostly wild in fields, ditches, roadsides, river banks, hillsides and other places, native to India. Free translations include Yuan Hua, Bai Tuanhua, Shi Yihua and Yue Yihua.
Purple Datura No.2
King Ashoka said in the seventh sutra,' Datura is round and beautiful.' Fa Hua guang Zhai Shu said: "Datura flower, translated into small white flowers." Maha Datura is a native of China, which translates into the Great White Mission. "Fahua said:' Datura flower, this cloud is suitable, and people who see it are happy.' Hui Yuan said in sound and meaning:' Datura flower, this cloud is pleasant, also known as variegated flower, soft and wonderful.
Datura is commonly known as poison ginseng eggplant in Chinese. Datura's English name is Mandrake, while ficinarum's Latin name is Mandragora, which comes from ancient Greek and means "a good medicine for men's lust".
Datura is a circle in religious ceremony or witchcraft, which represents the religious thought of advocating equality in Buddhism and Hinduism.
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Related legends
Five kinds passed down from generation to generation; Datura Rain, Datura Maha, Datura Purple (the most mysterious, not mixed with the other four colors, called "Datura" alone).
According to China's "Goblet of Fire", when the Buddha said, Datura fell from the sky like rain; There is a Datura Star Messenger in the Taoist Beidou. Because the Messenger holds this flower, it was renamed Datura.
datura
Flowers. There are four flowers falling from the ceiling in Hokkekyo: "Rain Datura, Maha Datura, Shuman Sahua, Maha Shuman Sahua." Four kinds of smallpox symbolizing heaven
Datura is a transliteration of Sanskrit, which means a pleasing flower. Known as the sacred and pure thing of Buddhism. Only lucky people have the opportunity to meet her, and seeing her can bring endless happiness to people. Because Buddhism practices a pure heart, looks at the world, has no desire to walk the world of mortals, has nothing in hand, and everything is empty, so a long time ago, this white flower without a core was regarded as the embodiment of God, symbolizing emptiness, carelessness and peace of mind.
In ancient India, Datura flower was not only the knocker of the door of lust, but also the basis of building a magnificent scene. It was spread and became a big mandala Dojo. As the "angel's (devil's) horn", Datura flower, people are willing to mortgage their senses in a coma, become prisoners of feelings, and put themselves on a mosaic to achieve the mystery of the Oracle.
In western legends, Datura has always been endowed with the color of terror. Because the tangled roots of Datura resemble human figures, in the Middle Ages, westerners thought more about Datura in a strange shape. At that time, it was said that Datura would scream when it was dug up by roots. People who heard the screams were either dead or crazy. (Saint saint seiya's OVA version of Hades myth, Datura is called Hades' ghost clothes.
Purple Datura 3
Number. Legend has it that this Datura flower grows under the guillotine. When it was uprooted, it screamed and killed all the living things present. In the west, Datura's explanation is: 1, derailment, derailment; 2. awe and love; 3. Unpredictable death and love. According to legend, in ancient Spain, Datura flowers often bloomed near the execution ground, numbing and praying for every lost soul. The whole plant of this flower is highly toxic. It is said that only one person among thousands of people can have a chance to see the flowers bloom, so whoever meets the one who blooms will die.
In western legends, the black Datura flower is the best flower, noble, elegant and mysterious. Datura in the dark is a flower that looks like a lily. The night is open and the day is closed, and the fragrance is elegant. If you smell too much, it will make you feel slight.
Datura green
Hallucinations. Legend has it that every black Datura flower has an elf living in it, which can help you realize your wish, but there is one exchange, that is, human blood. As long as you water the enchanting black Datura with your own blood, when it blooms, the spirit in the flower will satisfy one of your wishes. You can only water it with your own blood, because the elves like this warm and deadly feeling. Datura root has anesthetic and psychedelic effects. In addition, it is a weapon to protect the family, and it can also bring courage to the wearer. In addition, it is said that women who want children or men with impotence can increase their personal strength and get what they want.
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Related flower language
Purple Datura-Horrible.
Blue Datura-Deceive love, Deceive love.
Pink Datura.-Yes.
Green Datura-endless hope.
Black Datura-Unpredictable darkness, death and wandering love. Endless love and hatred, immortal love and hatred, injured and tenacious soul, no return.
There is a legend in the black mandala. Every pot of black Datura has an elf who can help you realize your wish! However, they also have an exchange condition, that is, human blood! As long as you water the enchanting black Datura flower with your own blood, the genie in the flower will help you realize your wish! Can only be watered with blood, because they love this warm and deadly feeling!
Golden Datura-beloved, born lucky, with endless happiness.
White Datura-love flower, if swallowed with wine, will make people laugh and have anesthetic effect. It is a flower in the sky, white and soft. When you see this flower, the evil will be eliminated [1].
Red Datura-Non-Manzhu Shahua, don't confuse it. Bloody love
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geographical distribution
Datura stramonium is widely distributed in temperate to tropical regions of the world, and is produced in various provinces and regions of China. Datura, also known as Datura flower, morning glory, eggplant and so on. , mostly wild in fields, ditches, roadsides, river banks, hillsides and other places, native to India.
cultivate
Datura stramonium (Datura stramonium) has strong adaptability, likes warm, humid and sunny environment, is afraid of waterlogging, and has low requirements for soil. General soil can be planted, but soil rich in humus and calcium is better. Seeds germinate easily. The optimum temperature for germination is about 65438 05℃, and the germination rate is about 40%. It takes about 60 days from emergence to flowering, and the shoots wither after frost. When the temperature is lower than 2℃, the whole plant dies, and the annual growth period is about 200 days.
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cultivation techniques
1. Choose sunny, fertile and well-drained land for soil preparation. Till 30 cm before winter, 2000 kg of ring fertilizer or soil miscellaneous fertilizer is applied per mu in combination with ploughing, raked and leveled, and then turned 1 time after spring, and clods are broken and leveled to make a flat bed with a width of 1.5 m..
2. Breeding method: Breeding with seeds. In the first ten days of April, 3 cm deep holes were drilled in the border according to the row spacing of 60 cm× 50 cm, and 5-6 seeds were planted in each hole, covered with 1 cm soil and slightly moistened. The amount of seeds used per mu is about 1 kg. If the seedlings are transplanted, it is appropriate to transplant and plant in late May.
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morphological character
It is woody or semi-woody in the tropics and an annual erect herb in temperate regions. Simple leaves alternate, flowers bisexual, corolla trumpet-shaped, cleft, lip-shaped, double; Stamens 5, fully developed, inserted in corolla tube; Carpels 2, 2 rooms; An axillary placenta with many ovules. The calyx of the capsule breaks annularly near the base in fruit, and only the base persists.
The stems are stout and erect, and the main stems are often lignified. The plant height is 50- 150 cm, the whole plant is smooth and hairless, and sometimes there are sparse hairs on the young leaves. The upper half is usually bifurcated. The leaves are alternate, the leaves are broadly ovate, the edges have irregular wavy shallow cracks or sparse teeth, and they have long stalks. Veins sparsely pubescent. Flowers are solitary in leaf axils or branches; Calyx 5-toothed tube, corolla funnelform, white to purple. The capsule is erect, with hard spines on the surface and oval shape. Seeds slightly flattened kidney-shaped, dark brown. Flowers are solitary leaf axils, corolla funnel-shaped, 7- 10 cm long, tube light green, upper part white; The corolla with purple halo is Datura purpurea. Flowers bloom in summer and autumn. Reproduce by sowing.
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Common diseases
datura
The symptoms of infected plants turn yellow between the lateral veins of leaves, then gradually turn brown, and die from the leaf source. The veins remain green, the leaves wither from bottom to top, and the diseased stems and vascular bundles are dark brown. Some have only 1-2 branches. The disease is too serious to bear fruit.
Datura stramonium powder
Control method of crop rotation (1). (2) When necessary, use 600-700 times of 50% thiophanate-methyl or carbendazim wettable powder before onset.
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Shared species
Datura stramonium has tall plants and beautiful flowers, so it should be used as background material or in wild gardens. There are about 16 species of the same genus, among which D. inoxia is the common cultivation. Hemoglobin; D.me-tel, etc.
There are three common plants in China: Datura stramonium and Lysimachia christinae. And D. Maertel. Flowers are all white or yellow-green, single.
Pink Datura 2
There are many varieties or varieties such as green, purple, red, blue and double petals.
The whole plant is highly toxic, and its leaves, flowers and seeds can be used as medicine. This product is pungent and warm, and has analgesic, anesthetic, antitussive and antiasthmatic effects. Indications are cough, asthma, facial sores, rectocele, rheumatism, traumatic injury, and can also be used as anesthetic. The main effective component of Mafeisan invented by Hua Tuo, a famous medical doctor in the Three Kingdoms period, is Datura stramonium.
Species 1 Introduction:
Scientific name: Datura.
Form:
It is woody or semi-woody in the tropics and an annual erect herb in temperate regions. Simple leaves alternate, flowers bisexual, corolla trumpet-shaped, cleft, lip-shaped, double; Stamens 5, fully developed, inserted in corolla tube; Carpels 2, 2 rooms; An axillary placenta with many ovules. The calyx of the capsule breaks annularly near the base in fruit, and only the base persists.
Type:
There are three common species in China, namely Datura stramonium, Datura stramonium, Datura stramonium (18) and Datura stramonium, whose flowers are all white or yellowish green with single petals.
There are many varieties or varieties such as green, purple, red, blue and double petals.
The whole plant is highly toxic, and its leaves, flowers and seeds can be used as medicine. This product is pungent and warm, and has analgesic, anesthetic, antitussive and antiasthmatic effects. Indications: cough, asthma, facial sore, rectocele, rheumatism, traumatic injury, and can also be used as anesthetic. The main effective component of Mafeisan invented by Hua Tuo, a famous medical doctor in the Three Kingdoms period, is Datura stramonium.
Introduction of the second species:
Scientific name: Datura stramonium L.
Form:
Panicum miliaceum. Stems are stout and erect, generally 50- 1 m high in temperate regions, and grow into subshrubs as high as 2 meters in tropical regions. Leaves broadly ovate, apex acuminate, base asymmetrically cuneate, margin irregularly undulate, lobes triangular, veins sparsely pubescent. Calyx tubular, pentagonal, 4 ~ 5 cm long; Corolla funnel-shaped, 6 ~10 cm long, with white or purplish upper part; Anthers are 3 ~ 4 mm long. The capsule is erect, ovoid, 3 ~ 4 cm long, with hard short spines of different lengths, and it is divided into four parts when it matures. The seeds are black.
Biological characteristics: panicum miliaceum, which can grow into subshrubs in low latitudes. Born in wasteland, purple Datura stramonium (15) dry land, beside houses, sunny slopes, forest margins and grasslands. The flowering period is from June to 65438+10, and the fruiting period is from July to165438+10. Seed propagation.
Distribution and habitat: widely distributed in temperate to tropical regions of the world; It is produced in all provinces and regions of China. Often born in villages, roadsides and grasslands.
Distribution status of China: cultivation and naturalization in various regions of China.
Introduction, diffusion and problems: According to Compendium of Materia Medica (1593), it was introduced into China as a medicinal plant in the late Ming Dynasty. Weeds in dry land, orchards and nurseries, or invade forest margins, roadsides and grasslands. The whole grass contains alkaloids, which are highly toxic to human beings, livestock, fish and birds, among which fruits and seeds are more toxic.
Uses: Leaves, flowers and seeds have spasmolytic, sedative, analgesic and anesthetic effects when used as medicine; Seed oil can be used to make soap and paint.
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Medicinal value
Datura flower can be used not only for anesthesia, but also for treating diseases. Its leaves, flowers and seeds can be used as medicine, which is pungent and warm and toxic. Flowers can dispel wind and dampness, relieve asthma and relieve pain, treat convulsion, cold and asthma, and decoct soup to treat stubborn beriberi. Petals have a particularly good analgesic effect and can treat neuralgia. Leaves and seeds can be used to relieve cough and pain. Because Datura stramonium is highly toxic, the state restricts its sale, and it must be controlled by a doctor's prescription if necessary.
The medicinal ingredients contained in Datura stramonium can relax muscles and inhibit sweat gland secretion, so the ancients named the anesthetic made of this flower "antiperspirant". The alkaloids such as scopolamine contained in the flowers, roots and fruits of Datura stramonium have a strong sedative effect, but if the dosage is too large, it will lead to mental disorder, confusion, hallucinations, coma and paralysis. It is said that Huatuo's anesthetic Fang Ma Fei San contains Datura.
During the Renaissance, Italian women who loved beauty dropped belladonna juice containing scopolamine into their eyes to make themselves look more beautiful.
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Overview of poisoning
Datura stramonium poisoning is caused by eating the seeds, fruits, leaves and flowers of Datura stramonium by mistake. Its main components are anisodamine, atropine and scopolamine. The above components have the functions of exciting the central nervous system, blocking the M- choline reaction system, antagonizing and paralyzing the parasympathetic nerve. The main clinical manifestations are dry mouth and throat, dysphagia, hoarseness, rapid pulse, dilated pupils, delirium hallucinations and convulsions. In severe cases, coma, respiratory and circulatory failure and death will occur. The traditional Chinese medicine of Datura stramonium is Datura flower, eggplant, Buddleja, rhododendron, speranskia tuberculata, morning glory, eggplant or wild hemp seed. The whole plant is poisonous, and the seeds are the most poisonous. Children can be poisoned by taking 3-8 pills. Generally, it is completely absorbed by the oral cavity and gastric mucosa within 0.5-2 hours after oral administration, resulting in poisoning symptoms.
At the intersection of medicine and poison, Datura flower suddenly appeared like a leprechaun, and its excessively enchanting color attracted people's attention and was sought after, making it difficult for us to distinguish between applause-which was directed at its medicinal properties and which was collapsed by its bewitching power. The gorgeous Datura flower is like a beating flame, showing a strange shape with a raging flame. Datura flower is also called Datura flower. According to scholar Li Ling, Datura flower is regarded as a "panacea" by European, Indian and Arab countries. Datura stramonium, also known as maple eggplant flower, dog walnut, peach blossom, wild hemp seed, infatuated flower and azalea, is a wild upright woody herb in Solanaceae. It is also divided into Datura stramonium (white flower), Datura stramonium, and Datura stramonium. The main components of Datura stramonium are scopolamine, scopolamine and a small amount of atropine, and scopolamine is the main component that plays an anesthetic role. Besides being used as an anesthetic and analgesic for surgery, it is also used as an aphrodisiac and for treating epilepsy, snake injury and rabies. Hugo's Smiling Man describes the crazy Dr. Seuss's use of Datura flower. "He is familiar with the performance and beauty of Datura flower, and everyone knows that this grass has both sexes." This at least shows that since ancient Egypt, the negative power of Datura has been known everywhere. There is an Egyptian mural that the ancient Egyptians often showed the Datura flower fruit to the guests when feasting, because Datura flower fruit has the characteristics of psychedelic drugs, which can make the guests feel happy.
Toxic parts: the whole grass is toxic, especially the fruits, especially the seeds, which are the most toxic, followed by the young leaves. Dry leaves are less toxic than fresh leaves.
Toxic components: mainly contain scopolamine and scopolamine, followed by atropine, atropine, noratropine, daturine, Teglodine, mandolin, artemisinin and 2,6-dihydroxy cyanine. The content of total alkaloids was the highest at the end of flowering, and decreased rapidly after seed maturity. Hemagglutinin is also isolated from seeds.
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Emergency treatment
1, gastric lavage with 1: 5000 potassium permanganate or 1% tannic acid, and then catharsis or enema with magnesium sulfate.
2. Subcutaneous injection of 3% pilocarpine nitrate solution of 2~4ml each time, once every 65438 0.5 minutes, antagonized the action of scopolamine until the pupil narrowed, light reflex appeared and the oral mucosa was moist. You can also inject physostigmine salicylate 1mg subcutaneously once every 15 minutes, which can be used multiple times.
3, fidgety or twitching or taking sedatives, such as tribromide tablets, chlorpromazine, chloral hydrate, phenobarbital, diazepam, etc.
4. Symptomatic support treatment: when respiratory depression occurs, oxygen should be inhaled and artificial respiration should be carried out; If you have a high fever, use an ice pack to cool down, take a bath with alcohol, and use antipyretics. When mydriasis, you can use 0. 1~ 1% physostigmine salicylate eye drops; In severe cases, hydrocortisone can be injected intravenously.
5, Chinese medicine mung bean coat 120g, honeysuckle 60g, licorice 150g, decocted in water for many times.
Growing environment: all-round cultivation and seed propagation.
Collection and processing: flowers are collected when they are first released, seeds are collected when they are mature, and the whole grass is collected in summer and autumn for fresh use or drying.
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clinical picture
1. Symptoms usually appear 0.5-2 hours after eating. Early symptoms are dry mouth and throat, dysphagia, hoarseness, rapid pulse, dilated pupils, dry skin, flushing and fever.
2. Mental symptoms such as forgetfulness, hallucination, restlessness, convulsion and disturbance of consciousness may occur 2-6 hours after eating.
3. Severe patients often have drowsiness, shallow breathing, decreased blood pressure, shock, coma and respiratory paralysis within 12-24 hours.
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Diagnostic basis
1. Have a history of overdose or taking poison by mistake. 2. Sudden onset, obvious central nervous system symptoms, accompanied by special clinical manifestations such as flushing on cheeks, dry mucosa and dilated pupils. 3. Seeds, leaves or flowers of Datura stramonium may be found during gastric lavage. 4. Cat's eye mydriasis test and poison analysis were positive.
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Principles of treatment
1. induce vomiting, gastric lavage and catharsis. 2. Intravenous infusion and diuresis to accelerate detoxification. 3. Detoxification treatment. 4. Symptomatic support treatment.
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Medication principle
1. Patients with early mild Datura stramonium poisoning can alternately use physostigmine or physostigmine and pilocarpine. 2. Patients with severe poisoning should be injected with neostigmine or Tengxilong intramuscularly, given enough adrenocortical hormone at an early stage, and strengthened symptomatic support treatment. 3. Patients with primary heart disease should be careful with neostigmine to avoid cardiac arrest.
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accessory examination
1. For patients with simple early Datura poisoning, the check box "A" is the main item; 2. The examination items of patients with unknown diagnosis or advanced critical illness may include "A", "B" and "C".
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Curative effect evaluation
1. cure: symptoms and signs disappeared and all tests were normal. 2. Improvement: improvement of symptoms and signs. 3. Not healed: the symptoms and signs have not changed.
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Expert tips
The disease is mainly caused by eating the leaves, seeds and fruits of Datura stramonium. The leaves and seeds of Datura stramonium are sweet, which makes it easy for children to eat by mistake. Therefore, it is necessary to publicize the toxicity of Datura to the masses and children, try not to plant this flower in families, villages and courtyards, and don't use Datura for your own use. Once poisoning occurs, rescue should be carried out quickly. For children who are poisoned by unknown reasons, we should be highly alert to the possibility of onset. Medicinal plant Datura stramonium.
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Related report
There are many reports of Datura stramonium poisoning. Generally, symptoms appear half an hour after eating, 20 minutes at the earliest and no more than 3 hours at the latest. The dose of poisoning varies with the route of poison entry, age and health status. Adults can be poisoned by eating three kinds of fruits; Children are more sensitive, as long as it is one tenth of that of adults and does not exceed 1 pill, 3~4 pills can be poisoned, and most of them are acute. Poisoned children are still sleepy. Topical Datura stramonium leaves can also cause acute systemic poisoning, with the same symptoms as oral administration, and the symptoms appear faster than oral administration.
All kinds of domestic animals can be poisoned, cats are the most sensitive, followed by cattle and horses, and sheep and rabbits are the most tolerant. The lethal dose of aboveground parts of plants is150 ~ 300g for cattle,150 ~ 200g for horses and 75 ~ 200g for sheep. Seeds are highly toxic to ostriches and fish. Recently, it has been reported that the symptoms of sheep poisoning include dyskinesia, spontaneous contraction of muscle fibers, allergies, shortness of breath and less drinking water.
Clinical manifestations and incubation period: Symptoms usually appear from half an hour to 1 hour after eating, which is the inhibition of parasympathetic nervous system and the excitement of central nervous system. Similar to atropine poisoning symptoms, there are dry mouth, dysphagia, hoarseness, dry skin, flushing, fever, rapid heartbeat, deep breathing, hypertension, headache, dizziness, irritability, delirium, auditory hallucination and so on. In addition, there are elevated body temperature, constipation, mydriasis and knee hyperreflexia. Most of the above symptoms disappeared or basically disappeared within 24 hours. In severe cases, drowsiness, spasm and cyanosis occurred after 12~24 hours, and finally they died in a coma.
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Medicinal Datura stramonium seed
Original shape
Panicum miliaceum, 30- 100 cm high. The whole plant is almost hairless. The stem is upright, cylindrical, woody at the base, green at the upper part, with irregular wrinkles on the surface, and the young branches are quadrangular, purplish and pubescent. Leaves alternate and the upper leaves are nearly opposite; Petiole 2-5 cm long; The leaves are wide ovoid, oblong or heart-shaped, 5-20cm long and 4- 15cm wide, the apex is acuminate or acute, the base is asymmetrical, the edge has irregular short teeth, or the whole edge is wavy, both sides are hairless or sparsely short hairs, and the veins on the back of the leaves are raised. Flowers solitary in branches or leaf axils; Pedicel about 1 cm, erect or oblique, white pubescent; Calyx tubular, 4-6 cm long, 1- 1.5 cm in diameter, yellow-green, 5-lobed at the apex, with triangular lobes, regular or irregular, and acute at the apex. After flowering, the calyx tube cracked and fell off near the base, while the rest of the calyx tube remained at the base and grew into a disk with a diameter of 2.5-3cm, and the edge did not fold back. The corolla tube is funnel-shaped, with a length of14-20cm and a brim diameter of 5-7cm. The diameter of the lower part gradually decreases, and it spreads upward into a comb, white, with five edges, five lobes and five triangles, and the top end is long. Stamens 5, born in corolla tube, anthers linear, flat, inserted at base; Pistil 1, ovary beaded, 2-loculed, sparsely short setose, ovules numerous, style filiform, length116 cm, stigma peltate. Capsule is spherical or oblate, about 3 cm in diameter, with sparse thorns outside, light brown when mature, and irregularly 4-valved. Seeds numerous, flat, slightly triangular, brown at maturity. The flowering period is March-165438+ 10, and the fruiting period is April-165438+ 10.
Annual herb, 1-2m tall. It has a foul smell, and the whole plant is covered with white glandular hairs and pilose hairs. The stem is stout, upright, cylindrical, woody at the base, forked at the upper part and grayish green. Leaves alternate or subopposite; The leaves are broadly ovoid, 8-20cm long and 5-12cm wide, with acute apex, oblique heart-shaped base, entire or microwave-shaped, and dorsal veins protruding. Flowers are large, erect or obliquely ascending, with a length of 15-20cm and a diameter of 7-8cm. Corolla white or lavender, with 5 edges. Calyx tube has 5 edges and angles, and the top is 5-lobed. After flowering, it breaks near the base, leaving some oval fruits, which increase and reflect outward. Capsule is born on pendulous fruit stalk, nearly round, densely covered with flexible needles and densely pubescent, and irregularly split at the top when mature. Seeds are numerous, kidney-shaped, light brown or yellowish brown. The flowering period is May-September, and the fruiting period is 6-65438+1October.
Character; Role; letter
Character identification (1) Datura stramonium capsule is nearly spherical or oblate, with a diameter of about 3cm, a shallow disc-shaped persistent calyx on the stem and a short fruit stalk. The surface is yellow-green with sparse stubble. When mature, the pericarp is lignified and irregularly 4-valved. Seeds are numerous, flat, triangular, about 3 mm wide and light brown. Qi is single-minded and tastes slightly bitter. Toxic.
(2) Datura stramonium capsule is nearly beaded or ovoid, with a diameter of 3-4 cm. The persistent calyx at the base is slightly pentagonal, thin and tough. The pericarp splits irregularly from the upper part. Seeds oblate kidney-shaped, about 5 mm long and 3 mm wide, light brown.
It is best to have full fruits, many seeds and mature ones.
chemical composition
The seeds of Datura stramonium contain scopolamine [1] and cyclocineol. 3 1- norlanosterone -9( 1 1)- enol [3 1- norlanosterone-9 (1)-enol], 3/kloc-0. 4α- methyl cholesterol -8- enol, 4- methyl -7- cholesterol, α 1- sitosterol [2].
Seed oil contains oleic acid and linoleic acid [3].
2. Datura stramonium seeds contain α and β scopolamine (α-,β-scopolamine) [4], scopolamine, metformin, Datura diol, Datura Long [5] and atropine. Plant lectin Ⅰ Ⅰ seed oil contains linoleic acid and oleic acid [5].
Datura stramonium seeds contain atropine, and scopolamine is scopolamine [8], scopolamine [9], 3 1- norcycloluteolin (3 1- norcycloluteolin), cyclocineole, 4α- methyl cholesterol -8- enol (4 α. 3 1- norlanosterol (3 1- norlanosterol), 3 1- norlanosterol-9 (1)-enol [(3 1- norlanosterol-9 (. Limonin dienol [2], lanosterone -8- ene -3β- alcohol, luteolin, 24- methylene luteolin, β-fragrance. Datura ketone, Datura diol [10], fatty acid [1 1], etc.
Pharmacological action: mydriasis: Datura stramonium seed extract has the effect of mydriasis paralysis.
Dry in the shade and set aside.
Spicy in nature; Bitter; Sexual temperature; Poisonous
Meridian and liver; Spleen meridian
Function is mainly used to relieve asthma; Drive away the wind; Pain relief. Main asthma and cough; Seizure; Cold-dampness arthralgia; Rectum; Fall and get injured; furuncle
Usage and dosage: decoction, 0.15-0.3g; Or soak in wine. External use: appropriate amount, washed with water; Or dip it in wine and rub it.
Pay attention to the chronicle of Sichuan traditional Chinese medicine: non-blood stasis and physical weakness are prohibited.
Attachment ① Treatment of proctoptosis: a pair of Datura flower seeds (with shells) and sixteen rubber bowls. Serve mashed and boiled for three or five times; Put it in the park and wash it hot. ("Scholars") 2 Treatment of traumatic injury: Datura seed is one yuan, and wine is soaked in six ounces. Every time I take San Qian. ("Compilation of Common Folk Herbs") 3 Treatment of Rheumatalgia: two ounces of drunken Xiantao and one catty of sorghum wine. Drink alcohol after ten days, once or twice a day, no more than one yuan each time. (Common Chinese herbal medicines in Shanghai)
Various exhibitions
1. Classified drugs: treating traumatic injury, removing blood stasis and dredging collaterals.
2. Guizhou folk prescription set: fumigation toothache.
3. "Sichuan Traditional Chinese Medicine": It can dispel wind and overcome dampness, relieve asthma and reduce swelling. Treat arthralgia due to wind-cold-dampness, joint swelling and pain, epilepsy, rectocele, traumatic injury and diarrhea.
clinical application
1. Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: dry and grind Datura stramonium 1 part and Cynanchum komarovii (root of rhododendron) 4 parts into powder, and make into tablets, each tablet is 0.3g, 1-2 tablets each time, three times a day. 15 days is a course of treatment, and rest for 5-7 days before the second course of treatment. In the course of treatment, it can relieve joint pain, make joint swelling subside and improve joint mobility, but it is ineffective for ankylosis.
2. Pupils were dilated with different concentrations of Datura stramonium seed extract and compared with 1% Houmatopine. 24 cases of mydriasis test showed that Datura stramonium seed extract had the effect of mydriasis and paralysis adjustment, but the effect of mydriasis, the disappearance time of pupil response to light and the recovery time of adjustment were slower than the latter, and there was no significant difference between them. Compared with atropine, the recovery time of Datura stramonium seed extract after mydriasis is about half. The concentration of the immersion liquid is 50-60%. In addition, Datura stramonium decoction and Datura stramonium extract solution are used in cataract needle-dialing surgery.
2. 1. decoct soup; Clean 1 kg Datura stramonium, add 1- 1.5 kg purified water, boil it for about 1 hour, filter it with 3-4 layers of gauze for 3-4 times, concentrate the filtrate to 100ml, add a proper amount of preservative, and pack the eye drops for disinfection.
2.2.30% Datura stramonium solution (prepared with unpurified crystal powder): one of the above two preparations was used for eye drops half an hour before the cataract needle dial, 1 time, once every 5 minutes, 4-5 times. In about 20-30 minutes, the pupil will be opened and fixed, and it can be cut into needles when it is about 7-8mm in size. This medicine can only paralyze the mydriatic muscle, but not excite it. During cataract surgery, if the needle touches the iris too much, the pupil of individual patients will be slightly narrowed, so try to avoid touching the iris. The soup is dark soy sauce with fine particles. If the storage time is too long, it is easy to produce large flocculent precipitation. After this liquid is boiled and filtered, the mydriasis effect will not be reduced.
Excerpts from Chinese Materia Medica