2. Dry the seeds before sowing, so that the seeds can germinate better in a dry state. Before sowing, seed was mixed with 0. 1%-0.2% rhizobia.
3. Soil plays an important role in the growth of soybean. Before planting, the soil should be sorted out, and it is best to plow more than 20 cm, without other crops branching. The soil should be fine and uniform.
4. When sowing, sow 3 ~ 4 seeds at a time, which can ensure the survival rate and survival rate of planting. The sowing interval should be about 30-50 cm. Wet the seedbed with water and cover the seeds with soil after sowing.
5. After management planting is completed, management should be carried out, among which weeding is an important job, because if weeds grow too vigorously, they will compete for all kinds of resources needed for their growth. The most common weeding method is spraying chemicals, and try to do it at an early stage.
Broad bean planting technology 1, seed selection and sowing When selecting broad bean seeds, we should choose excellent seeds with high yield and no disease. Before sowing, the land should be dug deep and ploughed to make it soft, which is beneficial to root system expansion and germination to form nodules, and then inoculated with rhizobia can improve the yield. Soil inoculation can be carried out by taking about 100 kg of soil from the soil where broad beans are planted and scattering it in the ditch.
2. Management of seedling stage We should pay attention to the seedling situation and formulate corresponding control methods according to the seedling situation. After sowing, cover with soil and straw to keep the temperature and humidity. In the middle growth stage, it is necessary to prevent and control pests and diseases, treat diseased plants, remove sick and weeds, and destroy them centrally. Spraying pesticides to control pests and mice, controlling water and tidying branches and seedlings. To ensure the normal development of plants. In the later stage, ensure the demand of plants for water, control the density and maintain good ventilation and light transmission between the ground and the ground.
3, topdressing water should be watered in time after sowing to maintain the required water, which can promote early germination and emergence. After sowing, the soil should be compacted to prevent the growing plants from lodging. When young leaves grow, some small bundles of nitrogen fertilizer can be applied appropriately, and phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer should be applied at different times during the growth period. More trace elements should be applied during pod setting, which can reduce the phenomenon of flower and pod and achieve high yield. At the beginning, it is mainly to ensure drainage and ventilation, otherwise it will cause the flowers and pods to fall off and the beans to dry up.
4, intertillage pruning should be timely check after emergence, such as found that the lack of seedlings should be replanted immediately. At seedling stage, it is necessary to regularly intertillage and weed, and pat the soil thick to prevent lodging. Pay more attention to the branching of seedlings before and after flowering. The branches of broad beans are difficult to pod, so it is necessary to cut off the redundant branches to absorb more nutrients for the main stem and improve the seed setting rate and fullness rate.
Pea planting technology 1, and selected fine varieties can be planted with Zhongwan No.4, Zhongwan No.6, Baihua Pea, Wudoujian 1, pod-eating pea 1, American bean seedlings and other varieties.
2. Choose plots where vegetables and peas like to enjoy the cool, but are not resistant to high temperature, frost, drought and waterlogging. The soil should be wet, but it cannot be flooded. Continuous cropping of vegetables and peas is prohibited. The plots where vegetables and peas have been sown can only be sown once every 4-5 years, and the temperature should be kept at 15-20℃ during flowering and fruiting, which is beneficial to promoting flowering and pod development.
3. After ploughing the soil according to the planting specifications, the width of the border should be determined according to the variety characteristics and soil drainage. Vegetable tall variety 1.5m, furrow sowing 2 rows, grain tall variety 2m, furrow sowing 4 rows, dwarf variety 2.5-3.5m, furrow sowing 6 rows.
4. Sow (1) 10 in the middle and late June. Row spacing is 40 cm, plant spacing is 20 cm, per mu 10000 holes. The sowing amount per hole is 2-3 grains, and the sowing amount per mu is 10- 15 kg.
(2) The planting row spacing of vegetable long fragrant pea and long soft pod pea is 70-80 cm, and the plant spacing is 30 cm, which is convenient for later management and picking. Early-maturing dwarf varieties such as Zhongwan No.4 and Zhongwan No.6 can be planted at the end of 165438+ 10, with sowing amount of 20kg per mu, row spacing of 30-35cm and plant spacing.
5. Before sowing, apply 5,000 kilograms of decomposed manure, 20-30 kilograms of potassium chloride and 50-60 kilograms of calcium superphosphate per mu, which can be applied in strips or holes, or 60-80 kilograms of ternary compound fertilizer. In the vigorous growth period of branches and leaves, apply 1 time decomposed organic fertilizer every 10 day.
6. Post-management: When the plant grows to 30-40cm, you can insert several bamboo poles into the pot soil and drag the peas to climb and grow. During this period, the stems and leaves should be evenly distributed. During the growth of pea, rust, anthracnose, bud blight, powdery mildew, brown spot, root rot and Fusarium wilt often occur. When the disease occurs, the diseased leaves should be removed immediately, and the diseased plants should be removed and burned with fire.
Mung bean planting technology 1, soil preparation and fertilization Before planting mung beans, the seedbed should be arranged in advance, about one week in advance. Dig deeper when tidying up the soil, so as to eliminate pests in the soil, sprinkle some base fertilizer after tidying up, and then spread the seedbed flat.
2. Sowed seeds should be mixed with resistant chemicals before planting, so that the seeds can be stained with chemicals, which can prevent and control pests and diseases. When planting, dig a small hole every 30 to 50 cm and sprinkle 3 to 4 seeds. Then sprinkle some compound fertilizer next to the hole to cover the soil, which is conducive to seed germination. When four or five leaves grow, transplant them.
3. After the transplanted plants survive in the later period of maintenance, weeding should be carried out to avoid the phenomenon that weeds and plants compete for nutrients. In addition, note that it does not need fertilization during its growth. If the fertility is sufficient, it will lead to crazy growth and affect the flowering period, and then reducing the yield will not pay off.
The planting technique of red beans is 1. Fertilizing red beans requires more nitrogen fertilizer. Although rhizobia can fix nitrogen, applying farmyard manure can significantly increase the yield, especially increasing the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer. If base fertilizer is not applied, topdressing available nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer 5-6 days before flowering in the growth period of red beans can promote the increase of flowers and pods and prevent pod dropping.
2. Seedling management of adzuki bean In order to promote the development of root system, more intertillage should be carried out to loosen the soil, which is also beneficial to the growth of nodules. When it grows vigorously after flowering, it can be properly topped to remove invalid flower branches, so that nutrients are concentrated in the pod and the seeds are full. Before and after flowering, it is the period when red beans need water most. At this time, lack of water will cause a large number of flowers and pods to fall off. Therefore, water in time in case of drought. Prevention and control of aphids and red spiders in the early growth stage of red beans, prevention and control of stem borers and pod eating in the middle and late growth stage.
Kidney bean 1 planting technology, seedling management (1) temperature: kidney bean seedling is about 25-30 days, and the main work of seedling management is temperature management. After kidney beans are planted, the temperature in the shed should be kept at 20-25℃ during the day and 18-20℃ at night, and kidney beans can be completely planted in 2-3 days.
(2) Fertilization and soil preparation: More accumulated fertilizer must be applied to the planting plots. For plots with moderate fertility, 2500-3500 kg of fully decomposed organic fertilizer and 0/5-20 kg of calcium superphosphate/kloc can be applied per 667 square meters. Deep digging after fertilization can promote the development of root system. The excavation depth should exceed 25 cm. After raking, make a frame with the width of 1. 1 m in the north-south direction. After the frame is finished, tie the membrane and close the shed for 3-4 days.
(3) Planting: Before planting 1 day, it is best to water the bean sprouts 1 time to prevent the roots from being damaged when the clods are broken during seedling picking. Planting should be carried out on sunny days, and be careful when taking bean sprouts out of the seedbed. The row spacing of planting is 50-60 cm, and the plant spacing is 40-45 cm.
2. Rattan management (1) Temperature management: keep the temperature at 15-20℃ during the day and 12- 15℃ at night, and gradually increase the temperature after 5-7 days. The temperature is maintained at 20-25℃ during the day and 15-20℃ at night. At this time, plants will gradually grow new roots.
(2) Erection: The second task in the vine-pulling period is to erect in time. Because kidney bean is a vine, it needs other objects to entangle and grow upward during its growth. When the plant grows 3-4 pairs of true leaves, it is necessary to use bamboo poles as scaffolding, which is not only beneficial to the growth of kidney beans, but also convenient for future management and picking.
(3) Fertilizing and watering: The last work in the vine-pulling period is fertilizing and watering. When the plant grows 6-7 pairs of leaves, watering 1 time, combined with watering, and topdressing diammonium phosphate 15-20k g every 667m2 can promote vine pulling.
Pest control 1. Control method of anthrax: spray 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600 times, or 80% anthrax thiram wettable powder 800 times, or 70% mancozeb wettable powder 400 times, or 25% bromothalonil wettable powder 500 times, or 70% thiophanate-methyl wettable powder 65438+.
2. Rust prevention and control method: At the initial stage of the disease, spray 15% triadimefon wettable powder 1000 times, or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600 times, or 25% mirex emulsifiable concentrate 2000 times, or 12.5% myclobutanil emulsifiable concentrate 200 times, or 70 times.
3. Control method of root rot: apply fully decomposed farm manure; Dig drainage ditches and plant high compartments; Strengthen intertillage weeding, keep the soil loose, but don't hurt the roots. Spraying 70% thiophanate methyl wettable powder 800- 1000 times, 35% likujing wettable powder 800 times, 53.8% kesaide 2000 dry suspension concentrate 1000 times, 20% dijunling wettable powder 600 times or 75% chlorothalonil wettable powder 600 times.
4. Control method of botrytis cinerea: When sporadic diseased leaves are found, 40% Botrytis cinerea suspension concentrate 1200 times, or 50% Ling Jun wettable powder 600-800 times, or 50% procymidone wettable powder 1500 times, or 50% carbendazim wettable powder10.
5. Control method of soybean moth: (1) Set up black light to trap and kill pod borer and adult soybean moth, and remove fallen flowers and pods in time. (2) Use 30-40g of 55% Tejiao wettable powder and 40-50kg of water per mu, or 5.7% cyfluthrin EC 1000-2000 times, or 2.5% Kung Fu EC 2500 times, or 5% Regent SC 2500 times, or 5% chlorpyrifos EC/kloc-. Spraying 1 time every 10 day from bud stage, focusing on spraying flowers and tender pods.
6, aphid control methods: use insecticidal lights, color plates to trap and kill or use silver-gray film to avoid aphids. 3.33-4.00 hectares, install 1 vibration insecticidal lamp, and the interface is 1.2- 1.5m from the ground, and clean the insect receiving bag every 2-3 days. Yellow boards are placed in the field in a checkerboard style, with 30-50 pieces per mu, and the lower end is 15-20cm away from the highest point of the plant. At the initial stage of occurrence, spray control with 10% imidacloprid wettable powder 1500 times solution, or 50% pirimicarb wettable powder 2000 times solution, or 3% acetamiprid emulsifiable concentrate 1500 times solution, or 0.2% matrine aqueous solution 500 times solution.
Cowpea planting technology 1, cowpea itself is barren-resistant, so the requirements for soil are not high, and ordinary soil can also be planted, but for yield and quality, the soil with flat terrain, sufficient sunshine, good drainage and good air permeability should be selected. In order to promote the growth of cowpea, soil preparation should be carried out before planting to loosen the soil, which is beneficial to the growth of cowpea. If the soil fertility is insufficient, base fertilizer can be applied to supplement the fertility, and generally 2000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer is applied per mu.
2. Sowing time Cowpea likes warm climate. It can be planted from spring to autumn, and can also be planted through greenhouse technology all year round. Open field planting is generally planted in February-August. The temperature at this stage is suitable for cowpea growth, but March-July is the best. However, the climate environment is different in different places, so sowing should be carried out according to the local climate conditions to avoid the low temperature season.
3. First of all, we should choose high-quality varieties for sowing. When sowing seeds, we usually use the method of on-demand Open holes according to the plant spacing of 40×50 cm, put 2 seeds in each hole, and cover the soil with 1-2 cm after sowing. After covering the soil, pour enough water and cover it with plastic film to keep warm and moisturize, so as to facilitate the emergence of seedlings. However, in summer, attention should be paid to avoid the failure of seed germination caused by high temperature under the film. On the contrary, it is best to pay attention to the high temperature, which can keep the soil moist and is conducive to seedling emergence.
4. Field management In the early stage of sowing and transplanting, attention should be paid to water management to ensure the emergence or survival rate. Attention should be paid to timely seedling spacing during live broadcast. When 3-4 real leaves grow, seedlings should be fixed. Generally, two strong seedlings should be left per mu. If seedlings are found missing, they should be replenished in time to ensure that the seedlings are full. Before pulling out vines, scaffolding should be set up in time to ensure good ventilation in the field, and attention should be paid to removing old leaves and yellow leaves to improve ventilation in the field. Top dressing should be done in time after the seedlings are fixed, and a large amount of nutrients are needed at the vine pulling stage and flowering and fruiting stage, and all fertilizers should be applied in time to ensure sufficient nutrients.
Cultivation techniques of concanavalia 1. Sandy soil with good irrigation and drainage function and strong permeability is selected for soil preparation. Ridges and furrows need to be made during soil preparation, each ridge is about 30 cm wide, which can ensure smooth drainage in the field. To lay a good foundation fertilizer, it is generally necessary to sprinkle a layer of livestock manure on each ridge.
2. When sowing, dig holes on the whole ridge 40 cm away from each plant, then put two or three seeds in each hole, and finally cover the seeds with thin soil and water them once.
3. Fertilization After the bean sprouts break through the ground, we will be ready to weed and fertilize. Generally, we will carry out intertillage weeding about one week after emergence. After weeding, the average per mu needs topdressing 1000 kg of farm manure, 50 kg of compound fertilizer, 50 kg of potassium fertilizer and 30 kg of phosphate fertilizer, which can be watered.
4. Build a bracket next to each plant, then connect some ropes to the bracket, and then help the bean seedlings to the scaffold, so that the bean seedlings can crawl and grow on the ropes along the scaffold, which can not only improve the harvest before reaching the yield, but also provide convenience for daily management in the field.
Pest control 1, root rot, epidemic disease, rust and powdery mildew are generally sprayed once every ten days, about three times, with chlorpyrifos, zineb and thiophanate-methyl.
2. Aphids, liriomyza huidobrensis, Bemisia tabaci and aphids can be treated with 2000 times of 40% dimethoate emulsion or 800 times of dichlorvos. 10% imidacloprid WP and 20% Miman SC can control liriomyza huidobrensis and Bemisia tabaci.
The planting technique of lentils is 1, and the planting method is multi-line direct seeding in late spring, and young pods are harvested from summer to autumn to early frost. Single cropping or intercropping with corn, using corn straw as a scaffold, or intercropping with garlic, can also be planted in the field.
2. Select fine varieties, and select fine varieties according to cultivation conditions. The existing lentils are divided into white lentils, green lentils and purple lentils according to the pod color.
3. Field management (1) Water and fertilizer management: there is less water demand at seedling stage, and more water is needed after the elongation and pod setting stage of vines. Generally, 1 ~ 2 water is poured in the vine elongation period, and 1 water is poured in the flower and pod period, and it doesn't rain for about 10 days. After watering, intertillage weeds, combined with topdressing, to prevent falling flowers and pods and virtual growth. The intertillage should be shallow to prevent root injury. Organic fertilizers such as decomposed chicken manure can be applied before pod setting. Apply a small amount of chemical fertilizer after pod setting.
(2) Pruning of vines: The vines should be planted before the vines are pulled, or the vines should be led to the trees and houses with ropes in time after the vines are pulled. Pick the core when the main vine grows to 5 ~ 6 leaves, which will promote more lateral vines. Picking the core when the lateral vines leave 3 ~ 4 leaves will lead to early flowering and pod setting, but the yield is low. If hedgerows or herringbone frames are generally used for cultivation, cutting off the vines when they reach the top of the frame can promote the early maturity of pods.
Pest control 1, lentil rust and brown spot control methods: spray control with 70% thiophanate-methyl 100g or 37% difenoconazole 20g and 60kg of water per mu.
2. Control methods of Spodoptera exigua, Lepidoptera Laodelphax striatellus and tobacco budworm: 3.3% avermectin 15 ~ 30g or 30% carbaryl chlorpyrifos 40 ~ 60ml mixed with 60kg water for control.