Planting method of bergamot Selection and storage of planted melons
To grow melons, it is necessary to choose plump melons with smooth and thin skin, rich wax, yellowish hair, inconspicuous fuzz, slightly prominent bud eyes, no scar damage, and full maturity. Cucumber seeds165438+1were stored indoors at 5℃ ~ 7℃ in late October. The specific method is to store them in the laundry basket with sand, that is, put a layer of sand in the laundry basket, put a layer of melons without gaps, and cover the top of the laundry basket with 10 cm ~ 15 cm sand. If a large amount can be stored indoors in sand pools, special attention should be paid to the following points during the whole storage period: ① Don't water it from beginning to end, even if the skin is wrinkled. ② It must be used for sand storage and soil covering, and not for farmyard manure and pastoral soil. (3) If there is no dry sand, it can be covered with dry coal ash storage.
grow seedlings
Bergamot can only be cultivated as an annual in temperate regions, and the whole melon must be sown and raised. In the south, bergamot is stored in the cellar, and naturally emerges around Qingming in the next year, and then the planted seeds are planted directly. In the north, in order to cultivate strong seedlings and improve stress resistance, it is necessary to accelerate germination indoors as soon as possible. Germination time: at the end of June, 5438+the following year 10, take out the seed melons, wrap them in plastic bags one by one, and move them to a greenhouse or a hot kang to germinate. The temperature is 15 ~ 20℃. Germination temperature should not be too high. If the temperature is too high, the bud will be faster, but it will be thin and weak. If the temperature of accelerating germination is properly lowered, the buds will be thick, short and strong. About half a month, the top of the seed melon cracked and gave birth to young roots. When the seed melon grows tender buds, it will be raised. A small amount is cultivated in large cultivation bags or flowerpots in warm rooms, and a large amount is cultivated in simple protected areas. Nutrient soil is a mixture of sandy soil with good air permeability and vegetable garden soil. The germination end of the seed melon is upward, the handle is downward, the soil is covered by 4 ~ 6 cm, the soil moisture is held by hands, and it is scattered when landing. Don't kill water. It is advisable to leave 2 ~ 3 melon vine buds when raising seedlings, and remove many weak buds in time. Leave 4 ~ 5 leaves to pick the core of the overgrown melon vines, control overgrowth and promote lateral buds. During seedling raising, the temperature should be kept at 20 ~ 25℃, and good ventilation and lighting conditions should be maintained.
Sowing the whole bergamot requires a lot of melons, and the cost is high. In order to reduce the number of seed melons and expand the propagation coefficient, the Vegetable Research Institute of Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences successfully adopted stem cutting to raise seedlings. The specific method is to raise the seed melon in advance, cultivate strong seedlings and vines, and carry out cutting and cutting. Where there is a greenhouse, the seedlings can be raised from 1 1 to 12. By prolonging the seedling raising period, the seedlings can grow more branches and stronger branches. Cutting seedlings and vines in early and middle March, each cutting section contains 2 ~ 3 knots. Soak the cuttings in 500ppm solution of naphthylacetic acid for 5-65438+/-00 minutes, take them out and insert them into nursery nutrient soil or light matrix such as vermiculite, perlite and sieve residue, and keep warm and moist to promote rooting. Experiments show that the survival rate of cutting by this method can reach above 80%.
Field planting
Papaya can be planted after first frost. Greenhouse cultivation can be planted in early and middle March, and it is suitable to plant in the open field in mid-April. When planting, the hole should be large and deep, about 1m square and 1m deep. Fill the excavated soil into the pits of13, apply 200 ~ 250kg of decomposed high-quality ring fertilizer to each pit, and fully mix with the pit soil, then cover it with 20cm of soil and tamp it with feet. When planting, take down the seedling flowerpot or plastic bag, take the soil into the hole, and the land is level with the ground, then bury it. Water after planting to promote its slow seedling. Planting density: If the seedlings are raised by planting melons and large seedlings are planted, 20 ~ 30 plants can be planted per 667 square meters. When cutting seedlings, the density can be appropriately increased, the row spacing is 3 ~ 4 m, the plant spacing is 2m, and 80 ~ 120 plants per 667 square meters.
Erection, vine introduction and pruning
Papaya has strong fecundity and climbing ability, grows rapidly, and leaves and vines are dense and shade each other. If they grow, they are most likely to wither and drop flowers and fruits. Therefore, when the vine grows to about 40cm, it is necessary to adjust measures to local conditions, hook the tendrils of bergamot with bamboo poles and ropes, and lead its leaves to climb frames, trees and walls. The lateral branches of bergamot have strong meristematic ability, and each leaf axil can germinate a lateral bud. From planting to the vigorous growth period of the plant, the aboveground stem elongates slowly, and the lateral branches at the base of the stem divide quickly, which is easy to form clumps, which affects the stretching and unfolding of the stem. Therefore, the lateral buds at the base of the stem should be erased in time in the early stage, leaving only 2 ~ 3 new shoots per plant. Lateral branches are not allowed to grow after being put on shelves, but attention should be paid to adjusting the extension direction of stems and vines to make them evenly distributed and ventilated.
Water and fertilizer management
(1) after planting 1 month, the seedlings should be covered and heated to promote growth and development. In the meantime, there is no need for topdressing, only a small amount of water is needed.
② During the period of rapid root system development, more intertillage should be done to loosen the soil, promote root system development, and lay the foundation for the vigorous growth of plants after autumn. Water regularly in summer to keep the soil moist and increase the air humidity, so that papaya can spend the summer safely.
(3) In autumn, the growth of aboveground parts of plants was obviously accelerated, and they entered a vigorous growth period. The aboveground parts of plants grew rapidly and had more lateral branches, which laid a material foundation for more flowers and fruits.
(4) During the flowering and fruiting period, the daily transpiration is large, and sufficient water and fertilizer are needed to keep the soil moist. Nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizers can be sprayed on the leaves for 2-3 times, or decomposed human and animal fertilizers can be applied.
Introduction to Papaya Papaya is also known as Falcon Melon, Ann Pumpkin, Cabbage Pear, Shougua, Hezhang Melon and Wannian Melon. , a rare winter vegetable variety of Cucurbitaceae, originated from Mexico and Indonesian Islands, and was introduced to China from Japan in the early19th century. The bergamot is shaped like the palm of your hand and folded together, which means the blessing of Buddhism, so it is called? Bergamot? 、? Fushou? , deeply loved by people. Fingered citron is crisp, tender and juicy, delicious and of high nutritional value. It can be used for cooking and eating fruit raw.
According to the National Nutrition Association, zinc has a great influence on children's intellectual development, and eating fingered citron with more zinc often helps to improve their intelligence. Traditional Chinese medicine believes that it has the functions of regulating qi, soothing the liver and relieving cough, and is suitable for people with dyspepsia, chest tightness, flatulence, vomiting, liver and stomach gas pain, bronchitis, cough and excessive phlegm.
Characteristics of bergamot 1 Root: Fingered citron is a kind of linear fibrous root, which gradually thickens and elongates with the growth of the plant, forming semi-lignified lateral roots with irregular accessory lateral roots. The lateral roots are long and thick. Under normal circumstances, the annual lateral roots are more than 2 meters long. The root system has a wide distribution range, strong ability of absorbing fertilizer and water, and drought tolerance. After the perennial bergamot enters the second year, it can form hypertrophy tuberous roots in areas that are not very hot.
2. Stems: The stems are tendrils with strong climbing ability. The main vine can be more than 10m long. Strong branching ability, almost every node has branches, and there are two or three branches. Leaves and tendrils are attached to the nodes.
3. Leaves: Leaves alternate, with opposite tendrils. The leaves are palmately pentagonal with a particularly long angle in the middle. Green to dark green, all around. The leaf surface is rough, and there are fine hairs on the veins on the back of the leaf.
4. Flowers, fruits and seeds: Chaenomeles are monoecious, and the male flowers are mostly born on vines and bloom early; Most female flowers are born on the sun vine and bloom later than male flowers. 10 ~ 30 male flowers form racemes on the upper part of the total pedicel, and each male flower has 5 stamens and filaments. Female flowers are solitary, branched, and styles are United. The ovary has 1 cell and only 1 pendulous ovule. There are five curved pieces and five corollas. Cross-pollination, insect-borne flowers.