1900 in may, ministers of various countries saw that the Qing government was unable to control the situation, and the prime minister's yamen was "unable to persuade the court to take severe repressive measures", so they planned to send troops directly to quell the chaos. On May 20, the ministers' group meeting proposed to transfer troops to Beijing.
On May 28th, the British Empire, the United States of America, the Third Republic of France, the German Empire, the Russian Empire, the Japanese Empire, the Kingdom of Italy and the Austro-Hungarian Empire formally decided to jointly send troops to suppress the Boxer Rebellion in the name of "protecting the embassy", and the Qing government was forced to agree.
2. The Qing government declared war.
After the fall of Dagukou, thousands of reinforcements from Russia, Britain, Germany and the United States broke into Zizhulin Concession on the west bank of Haihe River in Tianjin, and launched a fierce attack on Tianjin City and its periphery. The Boxer Rebellion rose to defend Tianjin.
After Eight-Nation Alliance occupied Beijing, he sent troops to attack the city and expand the conquest. In September, while capture Qinhuangdao and Shanhaiguan, Russian troops concentrate huge forces and occupied Northeast China in five ways. 1In mid-October, German commander Vadexi led 30,000 troops to China to capture Baoding and Zhangjiakou. However, when the French and German allied forces invaded Jingxing and Niangziguan, they were stubbornly blocked by Liu Guangcai's department of the Qing army and lost after paying heavy casualties.
3. Peace and negotiation
19001On February 22nd, the ministers of Britain, Russia, Germany, the United States, France, Japan, Italy, Austria, Spain, the Netherlands, Belgium and other eleven countries jointly submitted twelve articles of the Outline of Peace. The Qing government agreed to accept it on the 27th.
190 1 year 1 month15th, Yi Kuang and Li Hongzhang formally signed and signed Article 12 of the Outline of Peace Talks.
4. Russian troops invaded Northeast China.
1900 1 1 month, Russia coerced General Zengqi of Fengtian to sign the Temporary Regulations on Land Delivery in Fengtian, in an attempt to legalize the military occupation and fix Russia's exclusive possession of the three northeastern provinces in legal form, which was invalidated due to opposition from China and foreign countries. Russian troops seized the opportunity of military occupation and plundered the gold mines, coal mines and forest resources in northeast China.
5. Allied atrocities
During Eight-Nation Alliance's invasion of China, German, Russian and French troops committed inhuman atrocities such as indiscriminate killing, rape, robbery and burning.
Extended data:
The influence of Eight-Nation Alliance s war of aggression against China;
Pay huge reparations and lose many national sovereignty. During the chaos in North China, the governors of the southeast provinces declared their neutrality on their own. Since then, the authority of the central government of the Qing Dynasty has been low, and the Han dignitaries have risen. Objectively speaking, the Eight-Nation Alliance incident accelerated the demise of the Qing Dynasty. Later, the United States reduced the compensation of about 1 10 million taels of silver to the Qing government. The refund is mainly used for China to send overseas students to the United States at public expense, and Tsinghua University was established under this background. The two refunds in the United States have had a great international impact.
In addition, after the First World War, China also set foot in the status of a victorious country, so it stopped paying reparations to the defeated Germany and Austria; All countries expressed their willingness to be "friendly" with China in order to safeguard and expand their interests in China by peaceful means. Therefore, they all followed the footsteps of the United States, in which Britain, Japan and the Netherlands revised the payment method for the balance of Geng.
On the one hand, it indirectly promoted the process of China's learning from the West, on the other hand, it strengthened the control of the great powers over China. In addition, after the victory of the October Revolution in Russia, the Soviet Union also renounced part of Russia's Geng fund balance in 1920. The signing of the "Xin Chou Treaty" not only brought a heavy burden to the people of China, but also damaged national sovereignty. Since then, the Qing government has completely become a tool for imperialism to rule China.
Baidu Encyclopedia-Eight-Nation Alliance's War of Aggression against China