Jin Shengtan was the first to rank popular novels. According to him, he planned to comment on six gifted books, Zhuangzi, Li Sao, Historical Records, Du Shi, Water Margin and The West Chamber. During the reign of Emperor Kangxi in the late Qing Dynasty, Mao Zonggang and his son entrusted Jin Shengtan to revise the name of the Three Kingdoms, which is called The First Talented Book-Romance of the Three Kingdoms (they can also explain some problems by entrusting Jin Shengtan's name instead of earlier people). At that time, there was a saying that "the four wonderful books of Ming Dynasty" was put forward as a commercial means for booksellers, and then the Red Chamber replaced Jin Pingmei as the "four wonderful books of Ming and Qing Dynasties", and the four wonderful books were finalized. "Four Great Classical Novels" is a modern expression of "Four Wonders", so it will not be early. Therefore, the formulation of "Four Great Classical Novels" (the four fantastic books) must have appeared after the book A Dream of Red Mansions was written.
However, some people have verified that the statement of "Four Wonder Books" should have been established in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. Li Yu once said in the preface to Zuitang's publication Romance of the Three Kingdoms: "Feng Menglong also has four wonderful books, namely, The Three Kingdoms, The Water Margin, Westward Journey and Jin Ping Mei. ..... "It can be seen that in the late Ming Dynasty, Feng Menglong already had the formulation of the four wonderful books, Li Yucheng said, and it was published as the" first wonderful book "in the Three Kingdoms, which was probably fixed and popular in the late Ming and early Qing Dynasties. But in any case, the expression "Four Wonder Books" is the original expression of "Four Great Classical Novels", which should be confirmed. Four Great Classical Novels made great contributions to the development of literature in the future.
Now Four Great Classical Novels is recognized as: The Romance of the Three Kingdoms, The Water Margin, The Journey to the West and A Dream of Red Mansions.
Brilliant comments: Four Great Classical Novels is a precious cultural heritage shared by China and even all mankind, which has a far-reaching influence in the whole Chinese world. Mao Zedong once said, "Have children like Zhong Mou, make friends like Luda, have confidence like Tang Priest, and study in Four Great Classical Novels." Studying China and Four Great Classical Novels is a sea of wisdom for browsing China's classical literature, and also a knowledge base for experiencing China's traditional humanities, society, ethics, history, geography, folk customs, psychology and handling strategies.
[Edit this paragraph] Romance of the Three Kingdoms
Link: /view/2372.htm
Author: (Late Yuan Dynasty and Early Ming Dynasty) Luo Guanzhong
Full Name: Popular Romance of the Three Kingdoms
Count: * * * 120
Introduction: It is written according to Chen Shou's The History of the Three Kingdoms, Fan Ye's The History of the Later Han Dynasty, The Story of the Three Kingdoms in Yuan Dynasty and some folklore. At present, the Ming Jiajing edition is the earliest, which is divided into 24 volumes and 240 articles. In the early Qing Dynasty, Mao Zonggang made some modifications, which became the current copy of 120.
The story of Romance of the Three Kingdoms begins with Liu Bei and Guan Yu in Taoyuan, and ends with Wang Junping Wu. It describes the military and political struggles between Wei, Shu and Wu in the late Eastern Han Dynasty and the Three Kingdoms period. The characters are simple, the characters are profound, the plot is tortuous and the structure is grand.
At the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty, China's novel creation entered a new period, especially the Zhanghui novel entered a stage of perfection. China's first classical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms, which has the widest spread, the deepest influence, the highest achievement and the greatest boldness of vision, was born and became popular in the world through the pen of Luo Guanzhong, an outstanding novelist who lived in this historical period. He has made great and indelible achievements in the history of Chinese literature development. At the same time, it has added brilliant brilliance to the treasure house of world literature.
Romance of the Three Kingdoms describes the historical situation of nearly one hundred years from the late Eastern Han Dynasty to the early Western Jin Dynasty. The book reflects the political and military struggles in the Three Kingdoms period, the infiltration and transformation of various social contradictions in the Three Kingdoms period, summarizes the historical changes in this era, and shapes a group of heroes. In grasping the history of the Three Kingdoms, the author showed an obvious tendency to support Liu and oppose Cao, taking Liu Bei Group as the center of description, praising the main figures of Liu Bei Group, and trying to expose and lash Cao Cao. Today we should have a dialectical understanding of the author's tendency to support Liu and oppose Cao. Respecting Liu and opposing Cao is the main tendency of folklore, which implied people's hope for the revival of Han nationality in Luo Guanzhong era.
The Romance of the Three Kingdoms depicts nearly 200 characters, among which Zhuge Liang, Cao Cao, Guan Yu, Liu Bei and others are the most successful. Zhuge Liang is the embodiment of the "sage" in the author's mind. He has the noble spirit of "doing his best until he dies" and the ambition of helping the people in modern times to rebuild a peaceful and prosperous world. Moreover, the author has given him the strange ability to call the shots and make clever calculations. Cao Cao is a treacherous man. His life creed is "I would rather teach the world to be negative than to be negative to me". He is a political careerist and schemer, which is not to be confused with the true Cao Cao in history. Guan Yu is "brave and resolute" and "righteous as a mountain". But his loyalty is based on personal grievances, not the national justice. Liu Bei was portrayed by the author as a kind-hearted person, a virtuous corporal, and a kind-hearted person.
The Romance of the Three Kingdoms describes wars, big and small, with grand ideas and various techniques, which makes us clearly see the war scenes of bloody scenes. Among them, the descriptions of the wars of Guandu and Battle of Red Cliffs are ups and downs, ups and downs, and it is thrilling to read.
Luo Guanzhong (between 1330 1400), a famous book, was a popular novelist in Ming Dynasty. His native place is Taiyuan (present-day Shanxi) and Qiantang (present-day Hangzhou, Zhejiang), so it is not certain. According to legend, Luo Guanzhong once served as a screen guest of Zhang Shicheng, a peasant uprising army at the end of Yuan Dynasty. In addition to the Popular Romance of the Three Kingdoms, he also wrote popular novels such as Biography of Sui and Tang Dynasties and dramas such as The Meeting of Dragon and Tiger of Zhao Taizu. In addition, quite a few people think that the last thirty chapters of Water Margin are also his works.
[Edit this paragraph] "Water Margin"
Also known as "The Legend of Loyalty and Justice" and "The Legend of Jianghu Hawks"
Author: (late Yuan Dynasty and early Ming Dynasty) Shi Naian
Ming Gaoru's "Hundred Rivers Records" recorded what he saw, and the former was "Qiantang Shi Naian's book, compiled by Luo Guanzhong". Hu Yinglin's "Brush Collection in Shaoshi Mountain Room" is attributed to Shi Naian, while Wang Qi's "A General Examination of Continued Documents" is attributed to Luo Guanzhong.
Introduction to the Water Margin: The author created it on the basis of the legacy of Xuanhe and related scripts and stories. With the description of peasant wars as the main theme, the book created Liangshan heroes such as likui jy, Wu Song, Lin Chong and Lu Zhishen, and revealed the social contradictions at that time. The story is tortuous, the language is vivid, and the characters are distinctive, which has high artistic achievements.
Version: In the circulation of Water Margin, there are many different books. What we see now are 100 copy, 120 copy and 70 copy. 100 after the "woo", there were plots such as "collecting Liao" and suppressing the Fang La uprising; 120 back to the book and added the plot of suppressing Tian Hu and Wang Qing. Later, Jin Shengtan deleted this book, and removed the wooing and later events, which was called 70 chapters (actually 7 1 chapter).
Shi Naian (1296 ~1371) is known as Zi 'an (a famous ear), also known as Zhao Rui, Yan Duan andNo. Nai 'an. Native place: White Pony Farm in Xinghua (now Jiangsu). . Originally from Hailing County, Taizhou, he lived in Shijiaxiang, outside Changmen, Suzhou, and then moved to Baijuchang, Xinghua County (now Baiju Town, Dafeng City, Jiangsu Province).
Outside the gate of Suzhou city, there is a family named Shi in Shijiaxiang, north of Huaixu Bridge, which is a descendant of Shi Zhichang, one of the seventy-two disciples of Confucius. The father who spread this branch to Shi Naian is the 14th. In the second year of Yuan Chengzong Yuanzhen (AD 1296), a male was added to the family. An old scholar named the baby Yan Duan, which means that when the child grows up, he must be a well-behaved genius. This swaddling Yan Duan is Shi Naian, who later wrote the historic masterpiece Water Margin. When Shi Naian was seven years old, his family was poor and he couldn't go to school. But he is smart and eager to learn, often borrows books, asks his neighbors to teach him, and sometimes goes to the university to attend. In this way, he read many books, such as The University, The Analects of Confucius, Poems and Rites. /kloc-when he was 0/3 years old, he was able to answer questions in public and write beautifully. Once, an old neighbor died of illness, and Ji Xiucai, who taught private school in Xushuguan, was invited to write a eulogy. When Ji Xiucai failed to arrive in time, others suggested that Yanduan try. Nai-an's youthful spirit, wanting to show his talents, did not give in, and came over and waved his hand. Later, Ji Xiucai read this eulogy, which is both childish and brilliant, and praised it. Offered to take Shi Naian to study at Hushuguan without tuition. Later, he betrothed his daughter to Shi Naian. Shi Naian studied hard in Hushuguan. He not only familiarized himself with hundred schools of thought, but also browsed all kinds of books. At that time, The Legacy of Xuanhe in the Great Song Dynasty, which told stories such as "Classical outsmarted Yan Poxi", "Song Jiang killed" and "Yang Zhi sold knives", aroused Shi Naian's interest, and he often read in his spare time. I also danced knives and sticks with my friends and practiced martial arts. At that time, the city of Suzhou often rapped some scripts and zaju such as Stone Sun Li, Green-faced Beast, Flower Monk, Warrior, Yan Qing's Fish Fighting in Tongleyuan, likui jy's Negative Jing, etc. Shi Naian sometimes went to amuse himself and showed admiration for these "heroic heroes" and "lofty heroes".
[Edit this paragraph] The Journey to the West
Author: (Ming) Wu Cheng'en
Also known as Monkey King
Count: * * * one hundred times
Introduction: Journey to the West is based on the story of Tang Priest's Buddhist scriptures, related scripts and zaju (written by Yang Ne at the end of Yuan Dynasty and the beginning of Ming Dynasty). Seven times before the Journey to the West, the Monkey King was born, and there were stories about making a scene in Heaven. After that, he wrote the story of the Monkey King following the Tang Priest to learn from the West, exorcising demons and conquering difficulties along the way. The images of Tang Priest, the Monkey King, Pig Bajie and Friar Sand in the book are vivid, large in scale and complete in structure.
Wu Cheng'en (about 1504-about 1582) was born in Huai 'an, Jiangsu. Wu Cheng'en didn't get a one-year-old tribute student until he was about 40 years old. He went to Beijing to wait for the allocation of official positions, but he was not selected. Because his mother was poor, he went to work as a county magistrate in Changxing. Eventually, he was falsely accused and "left home" two years later. In his later years, he made a living by selling essays and lived for nearly 80 years.
[Edit this paragraph] A Dream of Red Mansions
Also known as: The Story of the Stone, A Treasure Mirror of the Moon, Twelve Women in Jinling, Records of Love Monks, Records of the Grand View, Jinyuyuan, and Love Court.
Author: (Qing) Cao Xueqin
A dream of red mansions * * * back to one hundred and twenty, the first eighty times by cao xueqin, after forty times is generally thought to be made by Gao E. Cao Zuo's Eighty Chapters were circulated in the form of manuscripts in the process of writing and revising. In the fifty years of Qianlong (179 1 year), Cheng Weiyuan printed the first eighty chapters and the last forty chapters in movable type, and it has been popular since then. But the words in the first eighty chapters have been changed.
Introduction: A Dream of Red Mansions was written in the Qianlong period in the middle of the 18th century, with the four families of Jia, Wang, Shi and Xue as the background and the love tragedy of Jia Baoyu and Lin Daiyu as the main line. It describes the decline process of the four families of feudal bureaucrats Jia, Wang, Shi and Xue, especially the Jia family, exposes the evils of feudal rulers and explains the historical fate of the inevitable decline of feudal dynasties. The language of the works is beautiful and vivid, and he is good at portraying characters, and has created such distinctive characters as Jia Baoyu, Lin Daiyu, Wang Xifeng, Xue Baochai and You Sanjie. This book has a large scale, rigorous structure and high artistic achievements.
Cao Xueqin, a novelist of Qing Dynasty in China, was born in 17 15 and died in 1763. Its predecessor was the Han nationality, and later it was Manchu Zhengcao Xueqin's white flag coating (domestic slave). Cao Xueqin's great-grandfather Cao Xi, his grandfather Cao Yin, and his parents' Cao Qing and Cao Fu successively served as Jiangning weavers for more than 60 years, which was highly prized by Emperor Kangxi. Cao Xueqin grew up in splendor. In the early years of Yongzheng, because of the internal struggle of the feudal ruling class, the Cao family suffered many blows, Cao Fu was dismissed and imprisoned, his family property was confiscated, and his family moved back to Beijing. Since then, his family has been declining. This turning point made Cao Xueqin deeply feel the coldness of the world and more clearly understood the essence of the feudal social system. From then on, he lived a poor life. He was good at writing, and he devoted himself to writing and revising the novel A Dream of Red Mansions with perseverance. He read it for 10 years, added and deleted it five times, and wrote this literary masterpiece that pushed China's classical novel creation to the peak. A Dream of Red Mansions has become a great realistic work in China's classical novels with its rich content, tortuous plot, profound ideological understanding and exquisite artistic techniques. In the twenty-seventh year of Qianlong (1762), the youngest son died prematurely, and Cao Xueqin fell into excessive sadness and grief. On the New Year's Eve of this year (1764 February 1 day), he died of poverty and illness (there are two versions about the year of Cao Xueqin's death) and was buried.
[Edit this paragraph] Opening words
Romance of the Three Kingdoms: The Yangtze River flows eastward, and the waves wash away the heroes. Whether it is with the non -, or the failure, to now is an empty, has been with the passage of time has disappeared. The castle peak still exists, the sun still rises and sets the sunset.
The white-haired hermit at the river has long been accustomed to the changes of the years. Met with an old friend and drank a glass of wine. How many things have been in the past and the ages have been put into the conversation.
A Dream of Red Mansions: Full of absurd words and a handful of bitter tears. Dou Yun's author is crazy, who can understand the taste?
Outlaws of the Marsh: Look at the hidden place of the book forest, and see how many handsome and elegant Confucianism flow. Small profits in name only don't worry, cut ice and snow, and laugh and watch Wu Gou. Comment on the former king, merge with the later emperor, divide the truth and falsehood, occupy Zhongzhou, and the seven males circle around the Spring and Autumn Period. The rise and fall is like a crisp willow, and the life experience is a virtual boat. See countless fame, countless pictures, and countless escapes. Under the new moon, Changchuan, the rivers and lakes mulberry fields become ancient roads. If you are stunned and want to learn from the wood, you will choose the wood for the poor ape. If you are afraid of injury, you might as well cover the cup in your palm and listen to the new sound curvature.
The Journey to the West: Chaos is not divided into heaven and earth, and no one can see it. Since Pangu broke HarmonyOS, it has opened up a clear and turbid distinction from here.
Overwrite the group of people to respect the benevolence, and discover that everything becomes good. If you want to know the yuan gong of Hua hui, you must read the biography of westward journey.
[Edit this paragraph] All kinds of sequels
1, sequels to A Dream of Red Mansions: Later Dream of Red Mansions, Continuation Dream of Red Mansions, Continuation Dream of Red Mansions, Mirage Dream, New Dream of Red Mansions, Dream of Red Mansions, Continuation Dream of Red Mansions, and New Editions of Continuation Dream of Red Mansions. Shadow of a Dream of Red Mansions, Continuation of a Dream of Red Mansions, Fantasy Wonderland, New Stone Story, Remnant Dream of the Red Mansion, True Dream of the Red Mansion, Stone Supplement, Another Book of A Dream of Red Mansions, Mu Shi Yuan, Baodai Cause, Newly Continued Dream of Red Mansions, and The Red Mansion A Dream of Red Mansions, A Dream of Red Mansions, A Dream of Red Mansions, Doubtful Dream of Red Mansions, A Dream of Red Mansions, Romantic Dreams, A Dream of Red Mansions, A Dream of Red Mansions, A Dream of Red Mansions Collected by Duan Fang, A Dream of Red Mansions Collected by Sanliuqiao, and Old Truth Seen by Chen An 'an.
2. The sequels of Water Margin: Yu Wanchun, Chen Chen, the owner of violet room, Leng Buddha, Liu Shengya, Jiang Hongfei and Cheng Shanzhi.
3. The Journey to the West's sequels: Continued Journey to the West, Supplementary Journey to the West, Later Journey to the West, new journey to the west, Journey to the West Sequel ...
4. Sequels to The Romance of The Three Kingdoms: The Romance of The Three Kingdoms, The Romance Against The Three Kingdoms ...