Current location - Recipe Complete Network - Dinner recipes - Can someone explain the structure of the human body and the organs, organs, etc. 、、、、
Can someone explain the structure of the human body and the organs, organs, etc. 、、、、
Characters are usually the main part of a comic story. If you want to draw characters vividly, you should first understand the structure of the human body.

Children:

A child's head is larger, usually proportioned three to four heads high.

Adults:

The human body standing for seven head high (standing seven), sitting for five head high (sitting five), squatting for three and a half head high (squatting three and a half), standing arm down, fingertip position in the thighs of the two minutes a place.

Elderly:

Due to the contraction of bones, the proportion of the elderly is slightly smaller than that of adults, when drawing the elderly, attention should be paid to the head and shoulders a little closer to some of the legs are slightly bent.

Basic features of human gender:

Male: men's shoulders are broader, the clavicle is flat and wide and powerful, the limbs are thick and sturdy, and the muscles are firm and full.

Female: Female shoulders are narrow, shoulder slope is larger, neck is thinner, limbs are slightly smaller in proportion, waist is thin, crotch is wide, chest is full.

Proportions and performance of the human body in comics:

In order to show the beauty of the human body in comics, some exaggerated drawing methods are often used, that is, in the appropriate parts of the deformation of some processing, often using some exaggerated techniques to lengthen the figure of the characters, but the deformation is based on the human body on the basis of the basic structure. Usually the female protagonist is seven heads high, while the male protagonist is eight heads high. It is very important to have a good understanding of the proportions of the characters in order to draw good comics.

Male:

Because men don't have as pronounced breasts as women, it's easy to draw them as a flat body type. Therefore, when drawing men, in order to maximize male features, you should draw the shoulders wide and thick, and if you draw the collarbone, the person will look very stout. In addition, should also pay attention to the sense of undulation of the male joints, hands, arms and legs to be thicker, the wrist than the female wrist part of the painting to be down (that is, the arm painting longer). Drawing the male side portrait, the clavicle and shoulder lines should be linked together, the chest, back do not draw a straight line, to show the undulation of the muscles, from the neck to the back of the line should be drawn slightly curved, so that you can show the thickness of the male body.

Female:

Girls are characterized by rounded and soft curves all over the body, pay attention to the carving of the chest and hips. Hands, arms and legs should be slender, wrist and thigh root in the same position, the position of the elbow near the waist, painting side portrait, pay attention to the relationship between the joint parts, hips and thighs at the root of the shoulder to draw the exact position of the arm will look natural.

Two,

Body perspective:

Front:

First of all, the human body can be seen as a rectangle, that is to say, the human body of different angles of perspective is also a different rectangular angle of perspective. Then divide the rectangle into eight segments with perspective according to segmentation, first draw the diagonal lines of the rectangle, then draw a parallel line where the diagonal lines intersect according to the geometric division, and so on a **** draw eight segments, since the characters in the manga are usually eight-headed, so each segment of the rectangle is a head height, and the length of the chest, the elbows to the tips of the fingers and the length of the knees to the soles of the feet are all two head heights.

Top view:

Drawing from the front or from an angle directly above the back requires consideration of its perspective. That is, the head is the largest, getting smaller to the toes, the head is large, the shoulders are large, and the hands are slightly longer and larger compared to the feet.

Slanting up:

Slanting up angles have the most depth. Shoulders bulging, shoulders and feet parallel slightly oblique, face down, head is very large, can not see the neck, the further down the smaller, giving the impression that the feet are short and long, if then painted on the ground the effect of the shadow will be more prominent, can be particularly clear expression of the legs perpendicular to the ground feeling.

Looking up:

The following looking up, draw the shoulders with the feeling of neck. Face upward, smaller, legs longer than the upper body, slightly thicker, the feet are the largest, the higher up the smaller, giving the impression that the feet are long and the body is short, looking down and looking up is the opposite. When drawing a human body, you must do "the intention of the pen first". You should first consider what you want to draw the character in what, what specific action, and then should consider what kind of perspective to show the character's dynamics and personality, in the mind gradually construct a movement, perspective, clear picture of the character.

The basic laws of human movement:

The head, chest and pelvis are the three largest body parts in the human body, these three parts are fixed, will not move, the body's activities in addition to the limbs are mainly by the neck and waist activities and produce movement. If these blocks are in parallel and symmetrical with each other, the human body is static; on the contrary, when these blocks are flexed, rotated and twisted to the front and back, their change produces the movement of the human body.

No matter what position these three blocks are in, no matter how violent or concentrated their movements are on one side, and on the other inactive side, there is always a relatively soft line to maintain the balance of the body, and the whole human body has a subtle, vivid sense of coordination, so that all the movements of the human body will embody the balance of gravity of the law of motion.

Taking the side of the supporting weight as a guide, draw the line of the tendency of the figure's movement to indicate the general tendency of the body, and then, draw the line of the movement of the limbs. Understand the inclination and perspective changes of the three main body parts of the head, chest and pelvis, to catch the essentials in the complex changes of movement. The relationship between the shoulders and the pelvis can be simplified as two horizontal lines, the spine of the greatest mobility is simplified as a vertical line, that is, the abbreviation of the "vertical, two horizontal, three volume", through the law of change between them to grasp the basic laws of human movement, such as: walking, running, jumping, standing, sitting.

The basic structure of the head:

The head is generally divided into two large pieces. The upper part of the head, categorized as an oval, and the lower part of the head categorized as a trapezoid; the fine structure is located in the center of the oval of the head; the arch of the eyebrow is drawn as a rectangle, and the zygomatic bone is also viewed as a rectangle, which is located in the upper half of the trapezoid of the head; the interposed structure is to be a little more inward than the arch of the eyebrow portion of the rectangle, in the zygomatic bone underneath the mouth; the mouth is categorized as a cylinder, which inserted in the zygomatic bone in the lower part of the rectangular side of the face; the lowest part of the bottom is the palate, which is seen as a rectangle interposed with the trapezium; the nose begins at the upper half of the cylinder and terminates at the root of the rectangle of the arch of the brow, which is also a rectangle; the eyes are also situated at the root of the rectangle of the arch of the brow; and the mouth is a little upward of the cylindrical half. Through the understanding of the basic structure of the head, you can draw the basic shape of the head, which will make its physical structure more accurate, and then on this basis through slight changes can be drawn different human head.

Third,

Position:

Because the human head is a sphere, that is to say, three-dimensional. It is simple to represent it with a cross and a circle, on the basis of a circle, draw the human face crosshairs, and according to the position of the crosshairs draw the character's eyes, nose and mouth .

Front view:

Eyes should be symmetrical on the left and right, mouth should be drawn on the center crosshairs, nose should be bulging so it can be drawn asymmetrically, and ears should be symmetrical on the left and right on the two sides, and the position should be between the arch of the eyebrow and the bottom line of the nose .

Three-quarter side:

The line remains the same, the vertical line should be to an arc, the position of the ear between the arch of the eyebrow to the bottom line of the nose.

Front Side:

The nose is protruding and the ears are positioned one-half of the figure's head.

Frontal tilt up:

With the nose at the center, the eyes and ears are deflected downward like the feel of a sphere, the distance from the arch of the eyebrow to the nose should be shortened, and the distance from the bottom of the nose to the jaw should be long.

Slanted lateral elevation:

The most important feature is that the eyes and nose are positioned very close together, and the ears are positioned slightly downward.

Frontal downward view:

The top of the head becomes larger, the jaw smaller, the nose downward, and the eyes and eyebrows slightly upward to the outside.

Diagonal side view:

Ear position rises and the jaw leans down to the side.

Four.

Face perspective:

Front view of the head:

In the middle of the basic shape of the face to set a center line, and then the position of the eyes, this line is the upper edge of the arch of the eyebrow line, the line also has a role to play, that is, the front of the figure of the ear of the upper edge of the beginning of the line, exactly with the eyebrow line, the bottom of the nose nose line exactly with the lower edge of the ear, eyes in the eyebrow arch line, the bottom edge of the ear, and the nose is the bottom edge of the ear, and the bottom edge of the eye in the eyebrow arch, and the nose is the bottom edge of the ear. The bottom line of the nose is exactly the lower edge of the ear, the eyes are below the eyebrow line, and the eyebrows are a little above the eyebrow line. One thing to be careful of is not to set the character's hairline too far down, and the position of the hairline is at the upper edge of the head's eyebrow arch rectangle.

Side perspective:

Face perspective:

The basic shape of the face is a square, the ear is in the middle one-half of the square, the eyebrow line is set down, the upper edge of the ear is aligned with it, the bottom of the nose line can be set out of the lower edge of the ear, the eye is located in the inside of the eye frame, it will be drawn inward.

Perspective view of the head in elevation:

Because it is an elevation view, the arch line will be moved upwards to set the center line of the picture, and the bottom line of the nose will be raised upwards a little, and then the ears will be positioned according to the arch line and the bottom line of the nose, and the eyebrows will be positioned according to the arch line. The perspective of the nose and eyes will also change because of the angle, again taking care that the hairline is raised upwards accordingly.

Perspective view of the head from the top:

After the general shape of the head is set, the brow line is set according to the perspective of the top view, the ears are set according to the brow line and the bottom line of the nose, and the eyebrows are drawn according to the brow line. One thing to note is that the shape of the eyes is the opposite of the upward view, and the relationship between the neck and the head interspersed is also important, move the hair bow line slightly downward according to the perspective relationship, and add hair.