First, the preparation work before transplanting
Before transplanting, the flowerpot and substrate should be prepared first.
1. Selection of flowerpots
There are plastic pots, pottery pots and porcelain pots on the market. Among the three kinds of pots, porcelain pot is the best choice, and plastic pot is not recommended because of its poor water permeability. Because the roots of strawberries are mostly distributed more than 20 cm above the surface, the depth of flowerpots should not be too deep, and flowerpots with a diameter of 25 cm and a depth of about 30 cm are suitable.
2. Preparation of matrix
If it is planted at home, you can use local soil suitable for strawberry planting or buy ready-made nutrient soil online; If you are specialized in cultivating potted strawberries, you generally need to prepare your own nutrient matrix. Vermiculite, cake fertilizer and microbial bacterial fertilizer can be fully mixed according to the ratio of 20: 1:2. Put the prepared substrate into a basin for later use. When holding the substrate, it should not be too full, and the loaded substrate should be 3~4 cm away from the edge of the basin.
2. Transplanting potted strawberry seedlings
Potted strawberries in northern China are usually planted in pots from early August to late September. Choose strawberry seedlings with good ornamental value, good fruiting ability and strong continuous fruiting ability for transplanting, such as Sweet Charlie, Four Seasons Strawberry, Hongyan and Jill Zhang. The standard of strawberry seedling is that the plant has 3~5 leaves, the stem is more than 0.5 cm thick, the height is about 10~ 15 cm, and the root system is developed.
When planting, make the root system fully spread, and then put it into the pot vertically. The planting depth is? Don't expose your roots under it, don't bury your heart on it? As a standard. Planting is to ensure that the arch back of strawberry plants faces the outside of the container, 5-7 cm away from the outer edge of the container, so that strawberries can be hung outside the pot when they bear fruit, and can also prevent watering rot. Just transplant 2-3 strawberry seedlings in each pot, then gently lift the strawberry seedlings and compact them according to the soil, water them once immediately after planting, put them in the shade for 3-5 days, and then move them to a ventilated and transparent place.
Third, management measures after strawberry planting
According to the growth characteristics of strawberry, we can divide strawberry into four stages after planting: growth period, flowering and fruiting period, fruit expansion period and fruit maturity period.
1, growth period management of potted strawberries
The growing period of strawberry refers to the time from planting to flowering, which takes about 70~80 days. The main work in this period is to promote plant growth and flower bud differentiation, and lay a good foundation for strawberry flowering and fruiting.
Water management: Strawberries are drought-tolerant and moisture-loving, and have strong transpiration. Therefore, it is necessary to observe the soil moisture in the basin at any time and water it 1 time for about 5 days. Fertilization management: the planting space of potted strawberries is limited, and fertilization management should focus on foliar fertilization. From planting to flowering, spraying 0.3% urea solution on the leaves every 7 days or so is enough. Picking old leaves: potted strawberries can return to normal growth in about 10 days after planting. As time goes on, the old leaves on the periphery will gradually die. In order to reduce the consumption of nutrients and the invasion of pests and diseases, the old leaves should be removed in time. Temperature and humidity management: Before the appearance of strawberry buds, the temperature requirement is relatively high, which can be kept at 28℃~30℃ during the day and 15℃~ 18℃ at night, which can ensure the rapid growth and early flowering of strawberry plants. The temperature management after germination can be reduced by 2~3℃ during the day and maintained at 8℃~ 12℃ at night. From planting to harvesting, it is advisable to keep the air at about 40%. Low humidity will affect the normal growth and development of strawberries, and excessive humidity will cause pests and diseases. 2. Management of flowering and fruiting period of potted strawberries
The flowering and fruiting period of strawberries takes about one month. The management of this period mainly includes the following aspects:
Artificial pollination: the flowers of strawberry plants belong to bisexual flowers, but the characteristics of potted plants limit the spread of pollen, and the pollination rate is relatively low. Therefore, artificial pollination has become particularly important. The specific method is to gently touch the stamens with a small brush or brush at the most vigorous time of pollen, usually in the morning10 ~1,and then brush them evenly on the pistil, which can greatly promote the pollination of flower buds.
Temperature management: during strawberry flowering and fruiting, the suitable temperature is 22℃~25℃ in the daytime and 8℃~ 10℃ at night. During the flowering and fruiting of strawberries, if the temperature is lower than 3℃, the petals will turn red; If the temperature is lower than 0℃, the stamen anther will turn brown and the pistil stigma will turn black, which will seriously affect pollination and fertilization and greatly reduce the early yield of strawberry.
Light supplement: Normal transplanted strawberries have weak light intensity in winter. However, strawberry is a light-loving crop, and the daily illumination time should be more than 12 hours. Insufficient light will lead to early differentiation of flower buds, early dormancy and dwarfing of plants, and affect the yield and quality of strawberries. Therefore, attention should be paid to the supplement of light during this period. If strawberries are potted in greenhouses, they can be supplemented by hanging plant fill lights.
Water and fertilizer management: In the flowering and fruiting period, in order to improve the activity of pollen, watering should be reduced as much as possible. At the same time, spraying 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate solution once every 7 days and twice continuously can improve the fruit setting rate. When the fruit is soybean, topdressing should be combined with watering. Fertilizers are mainly low in nitrogen, medium in phosphorus and medium in potassium to promote fruit expansion.
Thinning flowers and fruits: In the flowering and fruiting period of potted strawberries, thinning flowers and fruits can improve the yield and quality of strawberries. When thinning flowers, output abnormal flowers, weak and poorly pollinated flowers, and ensure that 4~5 strong fruits are left in each inflorescence after fruit setting.
3. Management of fruit expansion period of potted strawberry
The strawberry fruit expansion period also takes about one month, and the main management measures during this period are as follows:
Temperature management: Too high temperature during fruit expansion will lead to faster coloring, earlier ripening, smaller fruit and poor quality. The suitable temperature is 20℃~25℃ during the day and 5℃~ 10℃ at night.
Water and fertilizer management: during the fruit expansion period, strawberries need more water and fertilizer. When the strawberry fruit at the top enters the harvest, it should be combined with watering and topdressing once. Top dressing is still dominated by low nitrogen, medium phosphorus and medium potassium fertilizer.
Potted strawberries are easy to cultivate, can save water and maintain nutrition well, and can avoid soil-borne diseases and continuous cropping obstacles, and are not limited by regions and seasons, so they are more and more popular.