1. General manifestations: mental and physical decline, and superficial arteries such as temporal artery, radial artery and brachial artery can be found to be widened, lengthened, twisted and hardened by palpation.

2. Atherosclerosis of aorta: Thoracic aortic aneurysm can cause chest pain, shortness of breath, dysphagia, hemoptysis, paralysis of vocal cords due to compression of recurrent laryngeal nerve, displacement or obstruction of trachea, compression of superior vena cava and pulmonary artery, etc.

3. Coronary atherosclerosis: It can cause angina pectoris, myocardial infarction and myocardial fibrosis.

4. Cerebral atherosclerosis: Cerebral ischemia can cause symptoms such as dizziness, headache and fainting, including headache, dizziness, vomiting, sudden loss of consciousness, limb paralysis, hemianopia or aphasia.

5. Renal atherosclerosis: Hypertension can cause pain in the renal area, urinary incontinence and fever.

6. Mesenteric atherosclerosis: It may cause dyspepsia, decreased intestinal tension, constipation and abdominal pain. When thrombosis occurs, there are severe abdominal pain, abdominal distension and fever.

7. Atherosclerosis of limbs: cold, numbness and intermittent claudication of lower limbs, that is, numbness, pain and even spasm of gastrocnemius muscle occur when walking.