toxarine is "(S)-2- propylpiperidine", which is a liquid alkaloid without oxygen. The naturally occurring toxarine is dextrorotatory. The molecular formula is C8H17N and the molecular weight is 127.23. It exists in the form of salt in plants such as hemlock. Colorless alkaline liquid, rat-odor, highly toxic! Eating by mistake can cause fatigue, dizziness, vomiting, lethargy, paralysis, suffocation, and even death in severe cases. Exposure to light and air blackens and polymerizes. Specific gravity is .844-.848. Cured at -2℃, boiling point 166℃. The refractive index is 1.455(23℃). Specific rotation+16. Slightly soluble in water, soluble in ethanol, ether, acetone, amyl alcohol, slightly soluble in chloroform.

its hydrochloride: crystal, melting point 221℃, easily soluble in water, ethanol and chloroform. Hydrobromide: crystalline, melting point 211℃, soluble in water and ethanol, soluble in chloroform and ether.

hemlock is the first alkaloid synthesized artificially, and its racemic mixture is synthesized, which can be separated into optically active compounds by (D)- tartaric acid.