Generally speaking, historians believe that the civilization of ancient India began in the Vedic era in the late period of 1000 BC. However, according to the latest archaeological data, people lived in ancient India from prehistoric times to the emergence of modern human civilization, and once had a splendid and brilliant culture.

/kloc-In the early 9th century, many ancient cultural relics were unearthed in Harappa, Punjab, India, together with two seals, which attracted archaeologists' attention to ancient Indian civilization. 1922, Indian archaeologists discovered Mohenzo Darrow, an ancient city site that had been covered by dust for thousands of years, under an ancient stupa in Sindh. At the same time, seals and antiques similar to those in Harappa were unearthed.

1In the 1920s, a group of British archaeologists discovered a new ancient civilization, the Harappa civilization, in the Indus Valley. This civilization once flourished here for centuries, but suddenly declined.

Among the ruins of these ancient cities unearthed in the Indus Valley, the design is extremely complicated and the cultural relics are colorful and exquisite, which makes people see the highly developed culture of ancient India as one of the cradles of world civilization. Later, a number of cultural sites were unearthed one after another, and people called them "Harappa culture". In all kinds of existing documents, there is no record of Harappa culture at all, which has long been forgotten by people. According to the unearthed seals, it is speculated that between 2350 BC and 1770 BC, people between the Indus River Basin and the Lianghe River Basin had close business contacts. From this, it is further inferred that the time of the emergence of Harappa civilization should be between 2300 BC and 1750 BC.

The excavation of these seals with various characters and symbols on them shows to some extent that the Harappa civilization at that time has entered a civilized period. After further studying the Harappa civilization, archaeologists found that agriculture, commerce and handicrafts had developed to a considerable extent during this period.

After further investigation of Mohenjo Darrow city site, archaeologists found that this city has an extremely orderly transportation network and a relatively complete pipeline network, with a total urban area of about 850,000 square meters and a population of about 35,000. The rich cultural heritage of Harappa and Mohenjo Darrow shows that the Indus Valley was already highly civilized at that time.