Southern Kyoho grape planting technology 1, garden clearing: before excavation, thoroughly clean dry leaves, weeds, grape stalks, etc. In vineyards, peel off the old skins from trunks and branches and burn or bury them in a centralized way.
2. Unearthed in time, delayed on shelves: In Dalian, it is generally appropriate to unearth from the end of March to the beginning of April when the daily average temperature reaches 10℃. After moving the soil, the branches and vines should be kept in a cold-proof state, and then tied to the shelf after the lower buds germinate and swell and the branches and vines grow obliquely.
3. Spraying disinfectant: When the buds swell into fluffy balls, spray Bomei 5-degree stone sulfur mixture or 200 times sodium pentachlorophenol to ensure that branches and vines are sprayed up and down and on the ground.
4. Fertilizing water: If conditions permit, try to apply enough organic fertilizer after fruit picking in autumn. Before flowering in spring, if it is not too dry, try not to water it with topdressing, especially nitrogen fertilizer, so as to avoid excessive growth in the early stage and unfavorable fruit setting. When the seeds grow to the size of soybeans, topdressing and watering once, and then watering frequently according to the drought and small amount of water.
5. Bud, prune and pit in time: the early growth of grapes mainly depends on the storage nutrition of the previous year. Therefore, it is necessary to make a decision on the budding buds in time, leaving the plump buds and erasing other buds; After you can distinguish the inflorescence, you should pay close attention to the branches. 3 ~ 5 days before flowering, leave 4 ~ 6 leaves on the inflorescence for coring, and leave 1 secondary branch at the top. Leave 2 leaves on the secondary tip and core repeatedly until 17 leaves remain. When pruning inflorescences, secondary inflorescences and weak inflorescences should be pruned first, and the inflorescence tip should be pinched off 1/5- 1/4. Small grains should be removed from the ear with too dense fruit grains, and each ear should not exceed 60 grains at most.
6. Pest control: The main diseases are downy mildew, white rot and anthracnose. 75% chlorothalonil can be used to control anthracnose 600 times, 50% carbendazim 800 times and 64% antiviral alum 500-750 times to control downy mildew. Insect pests are mainly leafhoppers, which can be controlled by 50%DDV 1000 times.
Kyoho grape 1 cultivation points. Choose a suitable trellis: Kyoho grape is a variety with moderate tree potential and easy fruit setting. The tree is too strong to bear fruit easily, and it will also form large and small grains. Therefore, when selecting grids, the influence of grids on tree potential should be considered. In the north, it is advisable to adopt a single-dragon-pole high fence frame or a small shed frame, trim short branches and only tie them to the trunk, so that the new shoots can grow parallel to the ground without being tied, weakening the top advantage of the new shoots, making the growth of the new shoots tend to be moderate, which is beneficial to fruit setting. At the same time, the single-dragon-pole frame structure is also beneficial to burying the soil under the frame in winter and reducing labor consumption. Because there is a lot of rain in the south, high Y-shaped frames are often used to shelter from the rain, pruning long branches and binding main branches along the line, which is beneficial to more germination and binding new shoots vertically and horizontally. This method of binding frame and new shoots is beneficial to the growth and fruit setting of new shoots.
2. Reasonable pruning: The principle of pruning in winter is to remove excessive branches (1.2 cm or more) and weak branches (below 0.6 cm) first, and then keep moderate branches (0.8? 1.0 cm). Before flowering, it is not appropriate to cut off the shoots and break the vines in summer, and it is appropriate to cut off the shoots 3-5 days before flowering. The shoots with two buds should be kept long, with 6-8 short branches and 8- 10 long branches. The panicle length below 10 cm should not be pinched or pinched less, and 65438+ should be pinched off by about 20 cm. 3 ~ 4 days before flowering, wring out the branches that are too strong on the upper part of the ear. Bending or flattening is beneficial to fruit setting.
3. Reasonably adjust the load: it is appropriate to control the yield per mu of vineyards over 4 years old at about 2000-2500 kg. Generally, weak branches leave no ear, medium branches leave one ear fruit, and strong branches can leave two ears fruit at the corner of the shed, and the branches are crushed by fruit.
4. Rational fertilization and watering: Generally, Kyoho grapes do not need nitrogen fertilizer before flowering, but can be topdressing with water-soluble fertilizer for promoting roots, such as the real roots of Longdeng Company. After fruit setting, topdressing available nitrogen fertilizer and water in time, such as the intensity of Longdeng Company. Pay attention to the balanced use of nitrogen and potassium fertilizer during the young fruit expansion period, and pay more attention to supplementing potassium fertilizer and medium and trace element fertilizer from the color change period to the maturity period. Pay attention to ditching and applying organic fertilizer after fruit picking, improve soil organic matter content and ensure soil activity, which is conducive to healthy root growth and balanced and comprehensive supply of nutrients. Reasonable water control before flowering is beneficial to fruit setting. Generally, a small amount of water is poured about 10 days before flowering to ensure soil moisture and vineyard microclimate, which is beneficial to grape flowering and fruit setting. It is not easy to water too late and too much, otherwise it is not conducive to fruit setting.
5. Root cutting treatment: For Kyoho grapes over 4 years old, root cutting treatment can be used to weaken the tree vigor and promote fruit setting. Southern Kyoho grapes are generally treated by root cutting. The method is to cut off the surface roots with a shovel before winter cutting, and the distance between the cut roots and the plant base should not exceed 10 cm, otherwise the effect will not be achieved. After root cutting, the growth is slightly slower in spring and the leaves turn yellow. After fruit setting, it is necessary to strengthen fertilizer and water management and quickly restore tree vigor.
6. Using secondary branches: When grapes and soybeans are large, the phenomenon of large and small grains has been clearly seen. The above branches and leaves can be cut off at the time of 5 ~ 6 leaves, and it is suitable to bear fruit with secondary branches before June 20, with high fruit-setting rate and neat ear, but the maturity is after 7 ~ 10 days.
7. Use length control regulators, such as ethephon+Bijiu, PBO, etc. , the specific dosage depends on the situation of trees.
Pruning Techniques of Southern Kyoho Grape 1
Fuan City is located in the subtropical zone and has a maritime monsoon climate. The weather is hot and rainy, the branches of Kyoho grape grow vigorously, and the contradiction between branches and fruits on nutrients is prominent, which is the main reason for falling flowers and fruits. In order to alleviate the tree potential, middle pruning is the main method, supplemented by long and short pruning. Winter pruning usually begins within 2-3 weeks after defoliation and ends before bleeding. The best time is January. At this time, the organic nutrients in the annual branches have been transported to the perennial branches and roots of plants, which will not cause nutrient loss. Young trees grow vigorously, mainly by pruning the middle tips (cutting off 4-8 buds); Combined with long branch pruning (cutting 9- 13 buds). Trees over 5 years old shall be pruned with middle tips; For trees over 65,438+00 years old, pruning in the middle tip is the main method; Combined with short shoot pruning (cutting 65,438+0-3 buds), strong trees stay long and weak trees stay short. When pruning, according to the size, maturity and fullness of the bud eye of the branch, 5-7 buds are reserved for the robust branch, with a maximum of 10 buds.
2. Wipe the flower buds in time and select robust flower buds.
After the grapes germinate in spring, unnecessary buds such as heavy buds and weak buds should be erased as soon as possible, and strong buds should be kept, and redundant branches and weak branches should be removed 2-3 times before flowering. For the medium-tip pruning with 5-7 buds, when the buds are smeared and fixed, depending on the quality of the buds, choose to leave at most 3 buds every 1 leave 1. The newly developed new shoot spacing is 15-20cm to strictly control the number of new shoots, ensure the quality of new shoots, avoid nutrient competition and shade each other. After sparse buds are orderly, about 6-8 new buds develop per square meter. Moreover, each bearing branch is required to have 1-2 full ears.
3. Repeated coring to control the growth.
Kyoho grape has low seed setting rate and serious natural growth. Results Pre-core removal can control the vegetative growth and improve the fruit setting rate of grapes. The method is that after the inflorescence appears, when more than 6 leaves grow in front of the inflorescence, 5-6 leaves are left for coring, which starts 3 days before flowering and is completed 2-3 days. At the same time, all the secondary branches under the ear are removed, and there can be 1-2 secondary branches on the ear, and each secondary branch can have 1-3 leaves, and the core is cored once every 10d for 2-3 times, so as to control the growth of nutrients and ensure that enough nutrients can be transported to the inflorescence for its growth and development.
4, sparse flowers and whole ears, leaving some fruits.
Sparing flowers and cutting ears can improve the fruit setting rate, make the ear shape compact, the fruit grains are large and tidy, the appearance is beautiful, and the commodity value is improved. The method is to remove the weak, dense and irregular spikes in time after the new shoots are pulled out, and leave 1-2 inflorescences for each new shoot, mainly the inflorescences at the lower part of the branches. Cut off about 10d of the secondary spike before flowering, then pinch off the spike tip 1/4- 1/3, and then set fruit.
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