Taxus chinensis is an evergreen tree of Taxus genus in Taxaceae. There are 1 1 species of yew in the world, which are distributed in temperate to tropical regions of the northern hemisphere. From the geographical distribution of Taxus chinensis, the United States, Canada, French, Indian, Myanmar and China all have distribution, but Asia has the largest number, among which China's Taxus chinensis reserves account for more than half of the world. There are 5 species (4 species 1 variety) of Taxus in China, namely, Taxus China, Taxus cuspidata, Taxus yunnanensis, Taxus mairei and Taxus tibetanus, which are distributed in northeast, south and southwest China. There is only 1 species of Taxus cuspidata in Heilongjiang Province, which is mainly distributed in Changbai Mountain and Heilongjiang Province in Jilin Province, and there are also a few in the eastern mountainous areas of Liaoning Province, with little natural distribution.
The height of Taxus chinensis can reach 30 meters and DBH can reach 60- 100 cm. The bark is grayish brown, reddish brown or dark brown, which splits into strips and falls off; Big branches, annual branches are green or yellow-green, turn green or reddish brown in autumn, and second-and third-year branches are yellow-brown, reddish brown or grayish brown; Winter buds are yellow-brown, light-brown or reddish-brown, shiny, with triangular-ovate bud scales, no ridges or longitudinal ridges on the back, falling off or a few remaining at the base of branchlets. Leaves are arranged in two rows, strip-shaped, slightly curved or straight, with a length of 1-3 (mostly 1.5-2.2) cm and a width of 2-4 (mostly 3) mm. The upper part is slightly narrow, the apex is often slightly pointed, sparse and sharp or gradually pointed, the upper part is dark green and shiny, and the lower part is yellow-green with two pores. Male cones are light yellow, with 8- 14 stamens and 4-8 anthers (mostly 5-6). Seeds are born on cup-shaped red fleshy aril, or occasionally on disk-shaped receptacle near membrane, often oval and red when mature.
Taxus chinensis has a beautiful tree shape and evergreen seasons. The brown mottled branches contrast with the green leaves. When the fruit is ripe, the color matching of red and green is intoxicating and very ornamental. It can be widely used in soil and water conservation, forestry and horticultural ornamental forests, and is an excellent tree species to improve the ecological environment and build beautiful mountains and rivers in the new century. There are also very broad development prospects in landscaping and indoor bonsai, such as high-grade bonsai made of rare yew trees, which has become a upstart in urban greening and home beautification.
Generally speaking, the maintenance of Taxus chinensis is relatively simple, but we should also pay attention to the soil pH and watering, otherwise the leaves will die. Here, Huamujun will specifically introduce the maintenance precautions.
Taxus likes acidic soil, which is loose, rich in humus, fertile and slightly acidic (pH = 5.5 ~ 7), and can be mixed with humus and sand as culture soil.
The flowerpot Taxus chinensis belongs to shallow-rooted plants. It is recommended to use shallow purple sand pots, pottery pots and earthen pots with good air permeability, and it is best not to use porcelain pots. It is suggested to use plain colors to set off each other, which can better show the beauty of yew. Don't use red and green to avoid usurping the role of master.
Location Taxus chinensis likes a ventilated and cool environment, so we should choose a place with good air circulation to let the branches and leaves of Taxus chinensis "breathe" smoothly. Taxus chinensis is not easy to put in the air outlet of air conditioner, and it is often blown by strong wind, so the branches and leaves will be dehydrated quickly and the leaves will be curly and dry. Put it in an air-conditioned room and spray it on the leaves every day to keep them moist. Put a pot of clean water indoors. In the room with heating in winter in the north, stay away from the radiator and put a basin of water on the radiator to increase the indoor air humidity.
Modeling Taxus belongs to trees. Generally, the shape of bonsai is suitable for jungle and straight stem, but there are also varieties suitable for other shapes, which should be determined according to the specific pile shape of Taxus chinensis.
Taxus likes cool and humid climate, can tolerate low temperature below -30℃ and has strong cold resistance, and the optimum temperature is 20 ~ 25℃, so it belongs to negative tree species. Habitat is shade-tolerant, and it can also grow under dense forests, and it is not a forest all the year round. The suitable humidity for the growth of Taxus chinensis is 40-80, which is easily caused by the too dry climate.
China Taxus var. Guangming Flower is an excellent potted foliage plant, which likes humidity, avoids light and is drought-tolerant. Therefore, it is not suitable for full light, and it should be shaded properly in summer, especially in July and August every year, under full light and strong light, chlorophyll in leaves is destroyed and young trees die. The best illumination time of Taxus chinensis is 7:00- 1 1:00 every morning, and the illumination time is about 4 hours, which is shorter in summer and longer in autumn and spring. However, insufficient light also affects the photosynthesis and growth of Taxus chinensis.
Proper control of water content during watering is the most critical point to maintain Hongdou brand yew. The principle is "don't water it, water it thoroughly". It is better to dry yew properly. When the surface color of the basin soil becomes light and dry, and the upper leaves of plants are dim and soft, it means that water needs to be replenished. The water temperature for watering plants should not be too different from the soil temperature. If you use tap water, you'd better leave it for two hours. The water quality in the north is alkaline, so it can be watered after mediation with ferrous sulfate and vinegar. When watering, move slowly. If the drainage hole at the bottom of the basin flows out quickly, it will take half an hour to water it until the basin soil is wet. In addition, if the indoor air is dry, you can spray some foggy water on the leaves of plants. In addition, it should be noted that tea can not be poured into Taxus bonsai. If you often pour the remaining tea, because tea contains theophylline, it will change the soil pH and affect the growth.
Taxus likes fertilizer, and the principle of fertilization in spring and autumn is "thin fertilizer and diligent application", and it grows vigorously. The roots can be watered with diluted cake fertilizer and potassium dihydrogen phosphate every half month, alternately, and fertilization is not needed in Xia Dong in two seasons. Slow-release fertilizer can also be buried in the soil as a long-term base fertilizer.
Pruning in March and April every year will sprout a large number of buds and consume a lot of nutrients. At this time, you can remove the inward growing buds to prevent the leaves from turning yellow or falling off because the branches are too dense. For transverse branches and inner branches, thinning branches can improve ventilation and light transmission, and can save excessive consumption of water and nutrients. It is best not to spray liquid fertilizer on the leaves when the buds are just sprouting, nor to pour thick fertilizer on the roots.
Pests and Diseases There are few pests and diseases in Taxus chinensis planting, and there are yellow pests and diseases. You can water or spray thiophanate methyl and potassium dihydrogen phosphate. It should be noted that root rot, stem rot and root rot will occur in rainy season, and seedlings are more likely to occur, so Dixon can be sprayed; In the high temperature and drought period (July-August), yew is prone to bacterial leaf blight and bacterial leaf blight, which can be prevented by spraying Bordeaux mixture.
The propagation of Taxus chinensis generally adopts sowing propagation and cutting propagation. Cuttings should choose the same-year-old branches of the mother plant that is more than 4 years old, with tender branches in spring and hard branches in autumn. Shade when cutting, and apply rooting powder to the cutting roots to avoid strong wind or too dry.
As a national first-class protected plant, Taxus chinensis is known as a "national treasure". There are many artificially cultivated seedlings and bonsai of Taxus chinensis in the market, and the prices are low, ranging from several yuan to 20 yuan. Interested pot friends can buy it themselves. In addition, we should pay attention to the toxicity of yew to prevent children or pets from climbing and swallowing leaves.