Know Japanese and cattle
Japanese beef cattle is a kind of beef cattle which was bred and improved from Meiji era in Japan and European and American countries. * * * There are four different breeds: black hair and Japanese Black, brown hair and Japanese Brown, Japanese Shorthorn and Japanese poll, and Japanese cattle are the general names of these four breeds, among which black hair and cattle are the main ones (accounting for 90%).
Japanese black hair and cattle
Because of its unique pedigree, and the Japanese attach great importance to the way cattle are raised, the cultivated buttercup flowers are densely and evenly distributed, with unique flavor and texture, and the delicacy is superior to other varieties of beef in the world, making Heniu the king of beef. However, in recent years, there have also been artificially bred "Harmony Cattle" in Australia and the United States, which are slightly inferior in flavor and meat quality to Japanese and cattle. Therefore, when dining in restaurants, it is important to pay attention to whether the "Harmony Cattle" on the menu is beef native to Japan.
And cattle are famous all over the world for their delicate oil flowers.
Evaluation of the grade of cattle
The Japanese Carnivorous Association JMGA rated the "branch meat" of cattle with the skin, bones and viscera removed after slaughter as A5 ~ C1* * *15. From the rating, we can see two indicators from English letters and numbers respectively.
Japanese and cattle have 15 grades, of which A3 ~ A4 grades are more common, and A5 is the highest grade.
Yield Grade
Represented by letters a ~ C. Also known as yield grade, the "percentage of meat" that can be taken out from a specific part is calculated by a set of specific formulas, and then the thickness of meat and subcutaneous fat are included. A is good (above 72%), B is general standard (69-72%), and C is poor (below 69%). The higher the grade, the more complete the development of this meat is.
Meat Quality grade
Represented by the number1~ 5, it was identified from four items: oil flower ratio and texture distribution, meat color, muscle texture and firmness, and fat quality and color. The four items will be divided into1~ 5, and the higher the number, the better the quality. The final score is the lowest. For example, if the first three items of a grade A meat are all 5 (excellent) and the last item is 3 (standard), then the meat can only get the grade of A3, and the standard can be said to be quite strict.
1. Oil flower ratio and texture distribution: In addition to letters and numbers, you may also see the grade mark ofNo. 10 on the menu, which is to divide the density of beef oil flower distribution into 12 according to the standards of BMS, and correspond to1.
The meat quality grade corresponds to the comparison table of BMS.
BMS Oil Flower Grading Table (PIC: Japan Meat Eating Association)
The Japanese use "first frost" to describe the dense oil flower, while BMS mainly grades it according to the grain of first frost.
Therefore, although they are all A5 beef, there will still be a difference between No.8 andNo.12 (the Japanese are really careful! )。 However,No. 12 and cattle are quite rare even in Japan, and the sky-high price may be hundreds of thousands of yen! Therefore, don't be greedy and cheap, and buy cattle that claim to be of high quality but unexpectedly cheap.
2. Judgment of meat color: According to BCS, it is divided into seven spectral grades, among which No.3～No.5 is the best.
3. Fat quality and color: According to BFS, it is also divided into 7 grades,No.1~ 4 is better, milky fat is the best color, and the more yellowish it is, the worse it is.
4. Muscle firmness: the meat quality is rated as1~ 5 from rough to soft, but even the most tender grade 5 meat will have different tastes due to different parts! If you want to eat the most tender beef, it is recommended to choose the part where the cattle exercise less.
Look at the brand besides the grade.
Generally, in restaurants, most of them will see A3 ~ A4 grade beef, and the top beef shops will also sell the highest grade A5 with the highest price. If you are greedy and want some steak, actually A3 is enough, and you can try A4 once in a while when you get together with friends. As for A5…… ... you can tighten your belt first, and then choose an auspicious day (such as a salary increase day) to splurge.
In addition to the above classification, you must have heard of the famous brand beef called "Big Three" (さんだぃわぎゅぅ): Matsusaka Beef, Kobe Beef, and Mize beef (or Jinjiang beef, the third place is. Take Kobe cattle as an example. In addition to the standard of feeding mode, variety and place of origin, it must reach A4 ~ A5 before it can be called Kobe cattle, while BMS must exceed Grade 6, and even the oily flowers on raw meat can be melted by mouth, which can only be described by entrance polarization, and it has also created its extraordinary value.
Cattle near the river in Shiga county.
After the top three, there are also Sendai Cattle in Miyagi, Feiqing Cattle in Gifu, Xinzhou Cattle in Nagano and Ishigaki Cattle in Okinawa, which are well-known brands in various regions. Wild cattle are a good choice for you to taste and taste. However, even if the three big cows are rated the same as other cows, the price and meat quality will be much higher! To put it simply, the A4 level of the three major cattle will be better than that of Feiqing cattle and Sendai cattle, and the A4 level of Feiqing cattle and Sendai cattle will be better than that of ordinary cattle ... and so on; Next time you want to taste beef, be sure to pay attention to the label on the menu when ordering, so as not to make a mistake.
The fat of A5-grade flying horses will melt at room temperature.
Introduction to Australian and Cattle Grades
Australian beef is classified into m1~ M9 grades according to MSA(Meat Standards Australia) standards formulated by MLA, and the distribution ratio of Marbling is emphasized. There are two numerical indicators to determine the grade of oil flower: AUS-MEAT and MSA, and AUS-MEAT is/kl from low to high.
Grade comparison between MSA and AUS-MEAT.
Next time you go to a restaurant to enjoy Australia and cattle, you will know who is more advanced when you see Grade 500 or Grade 5 on the menu, right? It is by no means better to have a large number! However, since Japan was introduced to breed with cattle and bred into "Australia and Cattle" by artificial breeding, it is far more delicious than M9, and some restaurants will write M9+ on the menu, so private manufacturers have increased the level of M10 ~ M12 by themselves.
The highest level of M 12 of Australia and cattle is close to A5 of Japan and cattle, while most of the restaurants in the market sell M9 and M 10 (close to A3 of Japan and cattle), and the price is about twice that of USDA Prime of American cattle. However, the rating methods of Australia and Niu are slightly different from those of Japan (you have seen how picky Japanese people are about ratings). Even if the ratings are the same, there are still gourmets who think that Japan and Niu are much better than Australia and Niu.
Introduction of American and cattle
American black bull is usually called American Style Kobe Beef or American Kobe in English. It was also introduced from Japan in 199 1 year, and was bred by artificial mating, reproduction and feeding according to Japanese breeders. Although the tenderness of meat is slightly lower than that of Japan, Australia and cattle, it has a unique flavor and its quality is better than that of American cattle rated by USDA. Because of the low price, most of the black cows in hot pot or butcher shop refer to American black cows.
American Cattle Club is marked with American Wagyu and American style kobe beef.
American Black cattle are divided into three grades: Silver, black and Gold from low to high. Generally speaking, the Marbling grade of Gold of Black Cattle is similar to M9 ~ M9～M 10/0 of Australian Cattle (about A3 of Japanese Cattle). Black is in Australia and cattle M6 ~ M8 level (roughly equal to Japan and cattle A2).
Comparison table of beef grades in different countries
After getting to know Japan, Australia, the United States and cattle, let's take a look at how to compare the three grades, and add the USDA grade of the most common American cattle in the market for your reference!
Grade comparison table of American beef, American black beef, Australian beef and Japanese beef.