The year 2022 is the second year of the full implementation of the ten-year ban on fishing in the Yangtze River, and remarkable results have been achieved in just two years.
According to the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, after two years of comprehensive fishing ban, the number of Yangtze finless porpoises has rebounded, from10/2 in 20 17 years to 1249 in 2022, with an increase of 20%.
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On the afternoon of February 26th, the finless porpoise observer of Yangzhou finless porpoise protection association observed the finless porpoise in Sanjiangying waters of Yangzhou section of the Yangtze River, and photographed the finless porpoise spitting water, which is considered as a way for the finless porpoise to entertain itself. The appearance of this scene can also show that the living condition of finless porpoises is enjoyable now.
Not only the finless porpoise, but also the fish species detected in the key waters of the Yangtze River Basin increased from 168 in 2020 to 193 in 2022.
The number of representative fish in the upper, middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River has also increased significantly.
In recent two years, there have been frequent reports of fish schools, such as large-scale wild fish schools in Chizhou, Wanzhou, Chongqing and other places in Anhui Province. The number is so large that rivers that are not particularly clarified can be "blacked out".
In the middle of June in May, 5438+ 10 this year, a rare fish, Tongyu Fish Swarm, appeared in Nanjing.
In addition, the distribution area of species has obviously expanded.
Swordfish, one of the three great delicacies in the Yangtze River, has migrated back to Dongting Lake, the farthest water area in history.
Moreover, the sampling amount of saury is increasing gradually, the catch ratio is increased from 3. 1 1% to 9.66%, and the frequency of occurrence is also increased from 25% to 100%.
The level of aquatic biodiversity in the Yangtze River has improved.
The biological integrity indexes of the main stream of the Yangtze River, Poyang Lake and Dongting Lake all rose by two grades from the "no fish" grade estimated by 20 18 simulation, reaching the "poor" grade and reaching the middle position of six evaluation grades.
Chishui River, a tributary of the Yangtze River, scored 80 points, with a grade of "good".
"When the Woods are big, there are all kinds of birds." We want more biodiversity, and we don't want more diversity.
According to the detection data of aquatic biological resources monitoring center in the Yangtze River basin, 28 species of fish found in the Three Gorges reservoir area are exotic fish, accounting for 19% of the total number of fish in the Three Gorges reservoir area.
In addition, alien species have been found in all reaches of the Yangtze River Basin.
The investigation of aquatic biological resources and environmental background in the Yangtze River (20 17-202 1) shows that 323 species of fish were collected in the Yangtze River basin during 20 17-202 1, including 30 alien species.
The introduction of alien fish into the surface of the Yangtze River basin seems to increase the biodiversity and fishery resources of the Yangtze River. For example, among these 30 exotic fish, there are bass, a national second-class protected wild animal, sturgeon schrenckii, a high-quality rare fish with the most economic value among Chinese sturgeons, Laszlo's parent fish, and Sparus macrocephalus with high nutritional value and broad prospects for development and utilization.
In fact, a crisis is brewing.
The harm of exotic fish to local fish in the Yangtze River basin can not be ignored.
For example, the notorious "scavenger" (Japanese catfish) has no natural enemies in China. It will suck the eggs of other fish, making other fish infertile, leading to the near extinction of "indigenous" fish in some areas.
There is also tilapia, although it is a high-quality aquaculture species recommended by the United Nations, but its rapid propagation will occupy the living space of other fish, eat aquatic plants to build nests, destroy the habitat of local fish and eat the eggs of local fish.
Even if the individual is very small, it will quickly enter the feeding and growth stage because it is a young fish at birth, thus crowding out the living space of local small fish.
Moreover, these exotic fish are likely to carry some pathogens, which may cause infection and even death of local fish.
Some exotic species are close relatives of local species, and hybridization with local species will cause genetic pollution.
There are so many exotic fish in the Yangtze River, which may be the escape of cultured species.
For example, some fish are farmed fish, and some fry will enter natural waters with the discharge of tail water during the farming process.
During the rainstorm, some fish escaped from the culture pond to the natural water body.
The more important reason is the release behavior of people, especially "foreign fish".
With the improvement of people's living standards, more and more people begin to pursue spiritual life. Some Buddhists will help those caught or about to be slaughtered to return to their original lives. This kind of behavior is regarded as a matter of infinite merit.
The release itself is harmless, but some folk release behaviors are very random, and the people simply don't realize the harm of release.
Although the number of released fish is small compared with the total number of wild fish, fish are oviparous creatures, and the amount of ovulation is particularly large every time. Many released fish have no natural enemies in the Yangtze River basin. When the conditions are suitable, the released fish will increase geometrically, which will cause harm to local species.
For example, snakehead, which is popular in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, has a very strong vitality because of its aliases such as wealth fish and longevity fish, so its meaning is very good.
At the initial stage of releasing snakehead, it will concentrate in shallow water because it can't adapt to new waters for a short time. This behavior is also interpreted as a "thank you" for the released snakehead, and there will be more supporters for releasing snakehead.
The man who released snakehead thought he was a "living Buddha" and saved the life of the released fish, but to the small fish and shrimp in the river, he was a "living king of death".
In order to protect wild native species, the release behavior is also regulated. On September 26th, 2022, the china society of fisheries Expert Group published a list of aquatic species unsuitable for proliferation and release, including all 30 alien species in the Yangtze River.
At present, the police and fishery administration will not only inspect illegal fishing and fishing, but also increase the inspection of release behavior.
Once found in violation of the "Regulations on the Management of Aquatic Life Proliferation and Release", it will be punished according to relevant laws and regulations.
The restoration of fish resources in the Yangtze River is the result of the country's great efforts and a lot of manpower, material resources and financial resources.
In order to ensure the livelihood of fishermen who have retired from fishing, up to 202 1, 1, 3 1 and 2,565,438+67 million yuan of compensation funds have been paid, and 17 1626 people's social security has been implemented.
Ten-year fishing ban has achieved initial results. I hope this state of gradual recovery can be maintained all the time, and I hope that the baiji, which has not appeared for more than ten years, can play in the Yangtze River like a finless porpoise one day.
This requires not only the efforts of the country, but also the active cooperation of the whole people, especially those who have a hobby of fishing. Don't ruin the results of the Yangtze River fishing ban because of their hobbies.