Hockey is derived from the French word meaning shepherd's stick. Field hockey predates the original Olympic Games by 1,200 years or more. Historians believe that the game of field hockey has been around since the time of ancient civilizations in many countries. There are also historical records in China, India and Persia.

Hockey was one of the earlier sports to enter the Olympic Games. men's field hockey was included in the program of the Fourth London Olympic Games in 1908, and became a permanent event from the Ninth Olympic Games in Amsterdam in 1928. Women's field hockey was only added at the 22nd Moscow Olympics in 1980.

Olympic field hockey is played by both men and women. The field is a green artificial turf field, 100 yards long and 60 yards wide. The weight of the ball is 156 grams to 163 grams. The sticks are made of high-strength engineering plastics or wood. The head part of the stick is hard and has a certain degree of elasticity. One side of the stick is flat and the other side is convex, and the rules state that only the flat side can contact the ball. The length of the stick is usually no more than 1 meter.

The player holds the handle of the stick in his left hand and the upper middle part of the stick in his right hand. Players on the field must not wear shoes with spikes or items that may pose a danger to other players, and must wear leg guards. Goalies shall wear helmets, foot guards, leg guards, body guards, hand guards, and protective gear for the upper arms and elbows.?

Highlights of the competition rules:

1. Match: the match is played between two teams, with no more than 11 players from each team on the field at any one time. Each team must have a goalkeeper on the field at all times during the entire game; each team may substitute up to 16 players. The game is played in two halves of 35 minutes each, with a 10-minute break. One point will be awarded for each goal scored, and the winner will be determined by the final score of each team.

2. Short Corner: A short corner is a penalty kick awarded by the referee for an intentional foul committed by a defending player within the 22.9-meter line or an unintentional foul committed within the arc of the goal. The defending team is only allowed 5 players (including the goalkeeper) to stand behind the end lines inside and outside the goal to defend against a short corner kick. The attacking team has no restriction on the number of players, except for the player who serves the ball, all the other players stand outside the goal arc, when the ball is sent out both players can only enter the goal arc. Short corner is a technical and tactical confrontation between attackers and defenders in the shooting arc. In the world-class games, the number of short-corner goals accounted for about 50% of the total number of goals, and the world's strongest teams short-corner success rate of more than 20%. To some extent, the success rate of short corners is the key to winning the game.

3. Penalty kicks: A foul by a defending player that prevents a possible goal from being scored in the arc of a shot, or an intentional foul in the arc of a shot on an opponent who has the ball and a chance to score will be penalized as a penalty kick. The ball may not be intentionally knocked up except in a shot. When a high ball causes a player to reasonably dodge, it is considered dangerous, at which point a penalty kick is awarded to the opposing team in causing the dangerous action to occur.

A high ball may be played with a push-pick or pick-and-roll action as long as it does not create a hazard. A player shall not raise a stick above another player's head; touch, control or interfere with an opponent's body, stick or clothing; hit the ball with the back of the stick; or use any part of the body to stop, kick, push, pick, throw or hold the ball.

Individual tactics are the targeted strategic actions adopted by the players according to the tactical requirements of the team, the characteristics of the opponent's offense and defense, and the changes in the situation on the field, as well as the players' ability to comprehensively utilize their skills and fight independently, and are the comprehensive manifestation of the players' ideology, body, skills, and tactical awareness.

(1) false action

False action requirements: before doing the real action, first do the opposite of the real action, that is, false action. False action should be realistic, image, body parts and stick coordination, reflecting the action of the "real". Requirements of the real action: the fake action must be based on the corresponding real action, and the articulation time between the real action and the fake action should be appropriate, according to the opponent's misjudgment, quickly and accurately articulating the real action, so that the opponent can't have time to make a second reaction. If, in the process of making false movements, you find that your opponent is slow to react, you should take the opportunity to take the false as true.

When using the fake action, we must have a clear purpose, not blindly abuse, not to mention the flashy, we must be adaptable, master the timing.

①Yuan ball fake

No ball fake including speed, change direction and grab three methods.

Speed fake: the action from slow to fast. You can first jog to induce the opponent to slow down the running speed, and then suddenly accelerate fast running, get rid of the opponent.

Movement from fast to slow or sudden stop: you can first run fast to induce the opponent to speed up, and then suddenly jogging or stop, so that the opponent produces inertia impulse, can not immediately stop.

The change of direction false action: the use of change of direction, folding and other methods, such as the first left after the right, the first withdrawal after the cut and so on. Generally, when running in the false direction, the speed is a little slow, and when changing direction, the speed is suddenly accelerated, in fact, it is both changing direction and changing speed.

False interception: when you intercept the ball, you can first make an interception to the left (right) side to lure the opponent to take the false as true, when the opponent tries to change the direction from the right (left) side of the dribble or pass the ball, and then suddenly to the right (left) side to intercept the ball.

2 ball fake

Pre-pass fake: ready to pass the ball, such as opponents running to the face to intercept the ball, you can first do the companion pass action, entice opponents to choose the wrong blocking route, and then change direction to pass the ball.

False action before receiving the ball: when preparing to receive the ball, if the opponent runs up to grab the ball from the front or side, you can first do the accompanying pass action, forcing the opponent to stop and stretch the stick to block the ball, and then change the false pass into a real stop, and then carry the ball away or pass it out; you can also do the accompanying stop the ball to the left (right), and then suddenly change the ball to stop the ball to the right (left). If the opponent runs up from behind and passes tightly, you can first make a false pass to the left (right) side to induce the opponent to move to the same side and stretch the stick, and then suddenly stop the ball after getting rid of it to the other side.

Dribbling fake: when the opponent steals the ball from the face, you can use the stick to push the ball to the left (right) or the body and the stick to shake, when the opponent moves to the same side and extends the stick to block, then suddenly pull the ball to the other side to dribble. When the opponent steals the ball in the side, you can first dribble the ball quickly to induce the opponent to catch up quickly, the dribbler suddenly reduces the speed or stops the ball sharply to induce the opponent to slow down or overtake himself, and then suddenly accelerates or dribbles in a different direction to get rid of the opponent.

(2) Getting rid of, running, receiving and passing

When the team is doing the offense, every player is always facing either getting rid of, running, receiving or passing and receiving the ball, and constantly repeating the alternating passing and receiving and running until the end of the offense. This kind of personal running and passing is the important foundation of the offense process. The choice of space, the mastery of the passing and running time, the strength of consciousness, directly affects the level of cooperation.

①Get rid of

Requirements and methods of getting rid of:

Observe the situation around the two sides, in the moment before the passer looks up to observe, suddenly start to get rid of the opponent. The key is to insert yourself into the opening, to estimate that the passer can see this opening, and to be in a position to pass the ball into this opening.

When using a dummy to get rid of an opponent, it is important to complete the dummy before the passer looks up. Getting rid of it is not a one-time success, you must continuously and repeatedly receive the penetration, never stop. Before it is possible to receive the ball after getting rid of the ball, the next step of the ball should be handled whether it is a pass or dribble through the person, it should be done in mind.

②Passing

The good or bad of passing is preceded by the awareness of passing. Such as with the formation of a gap is not, get rid of the opponent did not, the other side has no complementary and so on. When the gap has been formed, the time to pass the ball should be timely. Pass early or late will cause errors. The passing point should be able to make the players inserted into the open space to play speed, easy to receive the player to connect the next action. So the good or bad passing depends on the passing awareness and passing technology.

These two must be both, one without the other. The purpose of the pass is to advance, it is best to quickly pass into the gap to form a breakthrough. When you can't advance, you have to have the necessary cross passes and transfers, the purpose of which is to wait for the opportunity to advance.

Passing Requirements and Methods:

When a partner gets rid of an opponent and moves into the open space, the ball carrier must pass the ball. You can't show off your individual dribbling skills, which will greatly affect the motivation of the whole team to move without the ball. When encountering the opponent tight and back to receive the ball, the receiver must suddenly get rid of the opponent, cross or pass back to the nearby players to receive.

When several passing opportunities exist at the same time, the principle is to pass forward. In the back of the ball from defense to attack, because the opponent is in the position of attack to defense, can be used in the middle of the pass or long pass to start the attack, quickly pass the ball to the front guards or directly to the striker, this move is the most advantageous.

Organizing an attack after getting the ball in the midfield is the beginning of penetration advancement, fast and flexible tactics. The means of passing should be a combination of short and medium passes, and a cross pass is more effective. When you get the ball in front of the field, because the opponent shrinks the defense area, the degree of tightening the degree of concentration, so we should use more direct passes with the cooperation, breaking into the goal area, while combining the middle passes.

All in all, the short passes are mainly combined with long passes. After passing the ball, you should quickly choose a position to follow the receiver. The intention of running and passing should be the same, the time should match, and the pass should be just right.

Tactics is a good means to win the game, but the use of tactics, according to the specific circumstances of the game and change, flexibility and change. Because any kind of tactics are not everything. Not to mention the individual tactics, individual tactics is a player according to the team's tactical requirements, the characteristics of the opponent's offense and defense and changes in the situation on the field and the use of targeted strategic action, today Cooling Coach will first teach you individual tactics, be sure to practice diligently before you do!