The root contains triterpenoid saponins: gipsogenic acid, gpsogenin, epigypsogenin, 16-epiquillaic acid

16-epiquillate, methyl ester, 35-hydroxy-28-nor-olean-12,17-diene-23-aldehyde, 3β-hydroxy-28-nor-olean-12,17-diene-23-aldehyde, 3β-hydroxy-28-nor-olean-12,17-diene-23-aldehyde, 3β-hydroxy-28-nor-olean-12,17-diene-23-aldehyde. methyl ester (methyl-16-epiquillate), 35-hydroxy-28-nor-olea-12,17-dien-23-al (3β-hydroxy-28-nor-olea-12,17-dien-23-al)[1], 3β-hydroxy-something-27-nor-olea-12. 14-dien-28-oic acid (3β-hydroxy-27-norlean-12,14-dien-28-oicacid)[2]; triterpenoid saponins: 3α,16α-dihydroxy-12-olean-23,28-dioic acid-28 -O-β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→3) β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→6) -β-D-glucopyranoside 3α

16α-dihydroxy-12-oleanen-23,28-dioicacid-D-glucopyranosyl (1→3) -β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopy-ranoside, 3α,16α-dihydroxy-12-oleanen-23. 28-dioic acid-28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→6)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl (1→3)]-β-D-glucopyranoside {3α,16α-dihydroxy-12-olean-23,28-dioicacid -28-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→6)-[β-D-glucopyranosyl(1→3)]-β-D-glucopyra-noside}[3].

Effects: "Dispersing blood stasis and fixing pain; stopping bleeding; eliminating carbuncles and draining pus"

Ecology: Born in sunny rocky slopes or rock crevices at an altitude of 2000-3100m.