1) Respiratory symptoms: Chest tightness and chest pain usually occur behind the sternum or in the diseased chest. When most malignant tumors invade bones or nerves, the pain is severe. Cough is often caused by compression of trachea or lung tissue, and hemoptysis is rare.

(2) Symptoms of nervous system: tumor compression or nerve erosion causes various symptoms: for example, tumor invading phrenic nerve can cause hiccups and diaphragmatic motor paralysis; If the tumor invades the recurrent laryngeal nerve, it can cause hoarseness; If sympathetic nerve is involved, Horner syndrome can be produced; When intercostal nerve is eroded, chest pain or paresthesia may occur. For example, compression of spinal nerves leads to limb paralysis.

(3) Symptoms of infection: If the cyst ruptures or the tumor infection affects the bronchial or lung tissues, a series of symptoms of infection will appear.

(4) Compression symptoms: superior vena cava compression, which is common in upper mediastinal tumors, and more common in malignant thymomas and lymphoid malignant tumors. When the esophagus and trachea are compressed, symptoms such as shortness of breath or hypopharyngeal obstruction may occur.

(5) Special symptoms: Teratoma breaks into bronchus, and the patient coughs up sebum and hair. The rupture of bronchial cyst communicates with bronchus, showing symptoms of bronchopleural fistula. Very few patients with intrathoracic thyroid tumors have hyperthyroidism symptoms. Patients with thymoma sometimes have symptoms of myasthenia gravis.

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