Danish scientists discover the earliest life form on earth: Minnie Rosen, geological museum of Copenhagen, Denmark, discovered traces left by plankton 3.7 billion years ago in western Greenland. This discovery shows that the earliest life form on the earth may have originated 3.7 billion years ago, thus making the origin of life a step forward.
Rosen studied two isotopes of carbon in rocks 3.7 billion years ago. They found that the contents of two isotopes of carbon in ancient rocks were similar to those in modern rocks. This shows that the rock contains waste discharged by plankton and its own remains. Beijing Economic News 99.2.4
Scientists found life on earth 3.85 billion years ago by analyzing Greenland rocks. AFP, Los Angeles 1 1 4th, the rocks found in Greenland show that life existed on earth at least 3.85 billion years ago, which is 400 million years earlier than previously thought.
According to Nature in the l 1 month issue, the rocks found on Akilia Island in the southwest of Greenland were analyzed at the University of California, Los Angeles, and the results proved the above conclusions.
Scientists participating in the analysis and research are from the Scripps Oceanographic Institute of the University of California, San Diego, the Department of Earth and Space of the University of California, the National Australian University and oxford brookes university, England.
Stephen from Scripps Oceanographic College? Mojzis said: "Our evidence eloquently proves that life existed on the earth at least 3.85 billion years ago, and this is not the final conclusion. We may well find that life existed earlier."
Carbides in rocks were analyzed by ion microprobe at the University of California, Los Angeles. This instrument enables scientists to know the exact composition of samples.
Mojzis said that the discovered life form may be a simple microstructure, but its actual shape and nature are uncertain due to the destruction of high temperature and pressure.
Prior to this, the evidence about the existence of life was William, a paleontologist at the University of California, Los Angeles. The bacteria-like fossils provided by Schoepf show that there was life on the earth 3.46 billion years ago. Reference message 96. 1 1.9
Life on earth may come from an alien planet. Swedish scientists announced the day before yesterday that two kinds of bacteria brought to Mars by astronauts still survive after returning to Earth, which means that life on Mars can come to Earth.
Mileikovski of the Royal Scientific Research Center in Stockholm and other scientists explained at a conference in Atlanta, USA that these two tenacious bacteria can survive the whole process because they can withstand high speed, radiation and high temperature.
Some scientists also said that because Mars cooled before the Earth, it may form life earlier than the Earth. If there are microbes on Mars, when Mars is hit, the microbes attached to the falling surface of Mars can avoid the gravity of Mars and run to the earth or other planets. If microorganisms can withstand the radiation in space, it is possible to land safely on the earth and multiply and develop.
The mystery of the CAMBRIAN explosion of life
Kunming, China News Service, April 17: Recently, according to tens of thousands of animal embryos and adult fossils found in Weng 'an, Guizhou, Chinese scientists suggested that animals had differentiated 40 million to 580 million years before the Cambrian life explosion, and many "animals that didn't grow up" appeared, thus initially solving the mystery of the Cambrian life explosion that has long puzzled the world paleontology community.
Experts pointed out that this discovery pushed the history of animal origin and animal diversity, including human beings, to 580 million years ago. At that time, the Weng 'an fauna was like a prelude to the Cambrian explosion, playing a song of animal diversity.
During the Cambrian period from 540 to 530 million years ago, because of the explosive appearance of many animals, the earth suddenly became lively, which is the Cambrian explosion. There are very few animal fossils before CAMBRIAN. Due to the lack of fossil records, the cause of the explosion of life is still a mystery. What was the world like before the Big Bang? What happened at that time ... A series of doubts touched the hearts of countless paleontologists.
According to Xinhua News Agency, 1998, researcher Chen Junyuan of Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology of China Academy of Sciences and others discovered the earliest known multicellular sponge and its embryo fossils 580 million years ago in Weng 'an, Guizhou, which shocked the world.
In addition to sponge fossils, scientists have also discovered a large number of embryonic fossils of bipedal animals for the first time. Bilateral symmetry is a leap in the evolutionary history of life. From the original radiation symmetry to bilateral symmetry, animals have head, tail and nerves, so they develop in a complicated direction and may evolve into advanced animals such as humans. These bilaterally symmetrical animals in Weng 'an have become the earliest bilaterally symmetrical animals in the world so far. (End)
Did life spurt from the hot springs? How did life on the earth begin? Did it come from the shallow tide of the ocean current or was it brought by the boiling deep-sea volcanic fountain? This big problem has always puzzled scientists.
Recently, 25 scientists from 9 countries who visited a drilling ship named "Judith's Choice" have stumbled upon important clues that can solve this great mystery. This activity explored the seabed 240 kilometers west of vancouver island, Canada. They took out cores from the seabed by drilling and analyzed the storage of minerals and biological resources. However, this drilling reopened the fissure of underground hydrothermal solution. Hot water as high as 290 degrees Celsius gushed out from the inside as soon as it fell.
The natural hot springs on the seabed attract the interest of scientists, because through this channel, we can study the formation of metal deposits such as iron, copper, zinc and manganese found in the new surface layer of the ocean floor. More importantly, these mineral deposits seem to be related to the formation of geological structures and may even be related to the origin of life itself. In the process of geological structure formation, continental blocks drift and collide in a very long period of time.
The movement of these plates caused cracks in the crust. If these cracks appear at the bottom of the sea, seawater will penetrate into them. When seawater meets hot volcanic rocks, it will become very hot, and then carry some minerals back to the ocean through hydrothermal vents. After hundreds of millions of years of geological structure and sedimentation, these mineral deposits were finally managed below.
If so, the newly discovered cracks can provide some clues to uncover that ancient mystery. Since hydrothermal solution exists for a limited time, how can biological organisms have enough time to evolve in this heat? If there is not enough time, will they change from one crack to another?
Melanie, a microbiologist at Washington University? Samit thinks that those cracks in Vancouver may provide some answers. She said: "We can now start from the beginning and see how these places are occupied by living things. This is the first time to have a chance to observe how a new hydrothermal fissure and the rapidly growing animal community in this environment have developed and changed over time."
Some scientific teams will use an underwater robot to study the geological, chemical and biological conditions of the crack, and they will also install some equipment nearby to monitor the changes of temperature and pressure. These data will be stored in the underwater computer and will be turned on when the next exploration is carried out in a few years. China Ocean News 97.1.1o/English fir
Why are there only two sexes in life on earth? British scientists believe that the reason why life on earth is only male and female is because our ancestors were infected by bacteria about 2 billion years ago.
There are countless life forms on the earth. Why are most species only male and female? For many years, this problem has been puzzling scientists all over the world.
Mushrooms have as many as 36OOO kinds of sex, and a strange creature called Myxomycetes has about 13 kinds of sex, but these creatures are only rare exceptions to the almost universally applicable law that the earth's creatures are divided into males and females. This phenomenon raises a mysterious question of evolution. If the earth creatures have 10O sex and can mate with any one of them, the chances of finding a mate in their surrounding environment will reach 99%.
If it seems that the existence of only two sexes makes the survival of species difficult rather than easier, then why are there only two sexes in life on earth? Hearst believes that this is entirely due to how the earth's creatures get a specific set of genes called mitochondria through heredity.
Unlike the genes carried by the nucleus or the central part of the cell, mitochondrial deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) can replicate itself quickly.
It seems that there used to be some kind of bacteria, and mitochondria originated from these bacteria. The ability of mitochondria to replicate freely is a legacy of their bacterial ancestors.
Because mitochondrial DNA can be replicated quickly, if 99% of the earth's creatures can mate with any species, any mutation in mitochondria may spread rapidly. If this mutation is harmful, the consequences caused by the mutation may be catastrophic. For other species on earth. Finding a mate may be difficult, but from an evolutionary point of view, this kind of reproduction is also beneficial, which can reduce mutations. Popular Science and Technology News 2 ooo.2.17/Fang Liumin
Looking for life at the bottom of Antarctic ice lake, Britain, the United States and Russia are preparing to jointly explore the East Lake, the largest subglacial lake in Antarctica. Scientists plan to spend two years digging through the original 4000-meter ice layer on the surface of "East Lake" to study whether unknown life forms exist in the lake that has been frozen for millions of years.
It is reported that the ice drilling machine used to detect "East Lake" was developed by NASA, and similar devices are likely to be used to find life on Jupiter satellites in the future.
Scientists have found thick ice on Europa and speculated that there may be life under the ice. NASA said that the "East Lake" exploration program provided a good opportunity to test Europa's ice drilling equipment in the future.
Scientists involved in the project said that there is probably a living form of low-level cattle life in the lake of "East Lake". At present, the investigation team has conducted several tens of meters of trial drilling on the huge ice layer covering the surface of "East Lake" and found some unheard-of microorganisms. Scientists point out that the bottom of "East Lake" is the most closed aquatic environment on the earth, which was formed at least 2 million years ago, and the original life forms that may exist in it are completely separated from the evolution of other life on the earth, which will provide new clues for studying the origin of life on the earth.
In addition, if life can be found in the "East Lake", it proves that life may last for millions of years in a completely new closed environment, which will also become an important basis for scientists to judge whether there may be life under the ice of Europa and other planets. China Association for Science and Technology Journal 98.4.26.
The theory of evolution is not trustworthy, Professor Lu Yingzhong. I published in 1977 12 < Why should I believe in evolution? >, firmly believe that evolution is wrong. This view has remained the same for more than 20 years. In my book Cosmic Science and Philosophy of Life, I also made a very scientific criticism of Darwin's theory of evolution.
1On June 6, 998, Lai Huiyun reported that the French biologist Remy Chavin recently published Darwinism: The Disillusionment of a Myth, and proposed that Darwin's theory of evolution had been published for more than 100 years. Scientists not only could not continue to carry forward this theory, but also began to doubt its authenticity. Let me, who has been opposed to evolution for a long time, be greatly encouraged. Xia Wen said that the Genesis theory tells us that everything was created by God, but God never created it again, and we have no way to know whether this theory is correct. The greatest contribution of Darwin's theory is to start the scientific research on the origin of life. For more than a hundred years, we have a deeper understanding of life and the world, but we can't confirm the authenticity of Darwin's theory.
Such as octopus and squid that live in the deep sea. Its living environment is dark, and most of the fish here are blind, but they live very freely; But why are the eye structures of octopus and squid similar to human eyes? What makes people suspicious is, what is the role of having a pair of bright eyes in a dark environment? And the living environment is the same, why are there two completely different adaptation methods? It can be seen that the theory of "survival of the fittest" emphasized in order to adapt to the environment is not necessarily true.
Another example is the liver fluke parasitic in sheep's liver. Every time the female worm lays about15 million eggs, the eggs will be excreted with feces. At this time, a snail must crawl over the eggs, and the eggs will be attached to the snails, which will migrate to the plants, and then the sheep will eat the plants and return to the sheep's liver for reproduction. In this process, about a dozen eggs out of15 million eggs can survive. This breeding process is simply ridiculous and should have been eliminated in natural selection. However, for millions of years, clonorchiasis has been propagated in the same way.
The sloth, which lives in Australian trees, moves very slowly and must climb to the ground when excreting. This move is ridiculous. Although its excretion on the land helps to increase the nutrients of trees, it is easy for predators on the ground to succeed because of its slow movement. It's unreasonable to risk your life in order to excrete. There are still many animals and plants in the process of reproduction and survival, which are very similar to such unreasonable situations. According to natural selection, they have long since disappeared, but they are longer than human beings in the world, and the structures of many animals and plants have not changed significantly in millions of years. The principle of "natural selection, survival of the fittest", like God's creation, is just a myth that we cannot prove.
In addition, according to Darwin's evolution theory, there should be many stages in the process of biological evolution from simple to complex, but according to the study of fossils, the context of this evolution process has not been established so far. Now many physicists and biologists are beginning to think that the universe has a purpose and a direction. He didn't put forward the idea of God. He said the "program" used in computers. A simple program often develops unexpectedly. Especially when the computer has internal logic, it often has unexpected reactions from the designer, and our world may already have such a "program".
I believe that in the next century, the fallacy of evolution will be proved, but at present, many academics who think they are scientific will oppose me, but I want to say, "Time will prove me right"!
New Discovery of Life Science There was life when the earth was born. Australian scientists found evidence of primitive life forms on the earth 2.7 billion years ago. Researchers said that the molecular fossils they found this time were the earliest biomolecules preserved in the world. This discovery pushed the evidence of life forward to the time when the earth was just born.
The world's earliest flower Sun Ge, a researcher at Nanjing Institute of Geology and Paleontology, and other scientists in China recently discovered an angiosperm, Liaoning Guguo, which was145 million years ago in Beipiao, Liaoning Province. It is considered to be the earliest flower in the world with definite evidence so far. Angiosperms are the most prosperous group in the plant kingdom, and the rice and wheat eaten by human beings, the cotton and linen worn by human beings, and the plum and orchid enjoyed by human beings all belong to this category.
Plants have the same ancestor/an international joint research team composed of scientists from Kloc-0/2 countries believes that the same ancestor of all terrestrial plants was a primitive plant with the size of a needle tip in fresh water 450 million years ago, and it is the evolution and evolution of this plant that has produced about 500,000 kinds of green plants on the earth today. The study also pointed out that mushrooms are closer to animals than plants in terms of plant evolution.
Fatigue is a virus. valentina, Ph.D. in Biology, Moscow Institute of Pediatric Medicine? Vasilyevna found through long-term research that human fatigue syndrome is a disease similar to that caused by information virus, which contains negative information that destroys human tissues, is aggressive to human body, can destroy chemical reactions in the body and damage cell walls.
Good cholesterol gene After 40 years of research, scientists finally found the gene ABC 1 that controls "good cholesterol" in the human body. Without "good cholesterol", the contents of "cholesterol" and other fats that attack the human heart and block blood vessels will increase indefinitely. This discovery helps scientists find ways to treat some of the most common heart diseases.
Four New Human Genes Wang Hongyang et al. cloned and identified four new human genes PCP-1,DBP-1,SIRP family and FL6 for the first time in the world, and preliminarily expounded some gene characteristics, signal transduction pathways and basic biological functions, and determined the correlation between the above genes and tumors, especially liver cancer. (Excerpted from Shanghai Science and Technology News)
Scientists found the third kind of creatures in the deep sea.
(This primitive creature may be an early life form) [Washington, AP, August 23] Scientists who have deciphered the code of microorganisms living in water near the boiling point of the ocean floor say that this microorganism is a member of the third largest branch of biology-this kind of organism includes microorganisms living in places where no other organism can survive. In a research report published in today's Science magazine, a group of researchers said that they had solved the 1700 genetic code of a microorganism called Methanococcus Jannaschii, and confirmed that it was a member of the primitive class.
J Craig Venter of the Genome Institute said, "This is a very different biological form from what we know. Two-thirds of the genes in this microorganism are unfamiliar to science and biology. " Venter is a senior scientist who wrote this report. He said that the report shows that this microorganism is a member of a different class from the other two basic branches of life-bacteria and eukaryotic cells including plants, animals and humans.
Cell structure is the main difference between these biological forms. Eukaryotic cells have a nuclear structure, while bacteria do not.
For Venter, primitive creatures have some characteristics of the other two life forms, but they are fundamentally different in function and lifestyle.
As the third branch of life, primitive creatures were first proposed by Karl Voith and Ralph S. Wolff of the University of Illinois in Urbana in 1977.
Their conclusion was doubted by people, and it was only recently that people discovered more and more strange new life forms in places where any kind of life could not survive that their conclusion was accepted by people.
Some scientists once thought that this primitive creature may be the earliest form of life, and they also said that it may be the most likely form of life on other planets. Venter said that its exact position on the evolutionary tree is still uncertain.
Methanococcus Younger lives on the edge of a crater with a water depth of 2623 meters at the bottom of the Pacific Ocean. It requires a temperature of 85 degrees Celsius-slightly below the boiling point. And the required pressure must be 260 kilograms per square centimeter.
This microorganism is different from most bacteria and all plants, animals and humans. Its life is not directly or indirectly affected by sunlight, and it does not use organic carbon as a food source. This microorganism lives on carbon dioxide, nitrogen and hydrogen emitted from the crater, releasing methane (natural gas).
In order to study this microorganism, Voith and his colleagues at the University of Illinois built a steel urn, which kept the microorganism under high pressure and high temperature, and discharged explosive methane.
Venter said, "Just keeping this microorganism alive in the laboratory is a considerable problem." Researchers at the University of Illinois extracted deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) from these microorganisms, and then Venter's team cracked the code of 1700 gene structure. Researchers from Johns Hopkins University also participated in these studies.
About 500 species of primitive creatures have now been identified, Venter said, and there may be another 1 million species. This life form is thought to produce about 30% biomass on the earth, most of which is in Antarctica. (Refer to message 96.8.28)
There are living bacteria 3,000 meters underground, and scientists have discovered new things. Xinhua News Agency reported this morning that scientists at Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee, USA, found living bacteria more than 3,000 meters underground in Virginia and Colorado. These living bacteria were named "Hell Bacillus".
According to the information provided by American researchers, these living organisms survive under the conditions of high temperature of 90 degrees Celsius, great pressure and lack of oxygen. They feed on iron, and the wastes of life activities are tiny magnets. They have lived in the depths of the earth since the extinction of dinosaurs, almost never reproducing and never encountering any other life forms, and their life process is very slow.
The discovery of new living organisms will attract NASA scientists to search for extraterrestrial civilization to a greater extent, because: since there are creatures under the extreme conditions of 3000 meters underground, the possibility of a certain life form cannot be ruled out under the extreme conditions of Mars, Jupiter, Saturn and other planets. (Excerpted from Yangzi Evening News 97.9.8)
Xinhua News Agency, London, February 8 (Xinhua) Scientists have discovered a new species of Pompeii at the bottom of the Pacific Ocean, which lives in an environment with a temperature as high as 80 degrees Celsius all day. Therefore, it has become a new heat-resistant "champion" among the worms discovered so far.
In the latest issue of Nature, Dr. Cary of the University of Delaware in the United States said that Pompeii is usually 6-7 cm long and lives in a tubular channel connected with the ocean floor spring. These springs have been in a high temperature state due to the influence of submarine volcanoes.
Cary and his colleagues went deep into the ocean floor by diving device, and put the thermometer into the passage where Pompeii lived to measure. The results showed that the temperature in the tubular channel where Pompeii was located was 80 degrees Celsius, while the temperature around its head was 20 degrees Celsius when it extended out of the channel.
Researchers are puzzled by how Pompeii can withstand such high temperatures. They found that Pompeii's body was surrounded by a living bacterium, and they speculated that this bacterium might have played a certain role in heat insulation. There are many heat-resistant varieties in bacteria, and some bacteria can tolerate the high temperature of l 13. Huaiyin Daily 98.2. 10
Discover the life phenomenon in the deep stratum. Dr. Liu Shi, a scholar studying in the United States in Hubei Province, is there a life phenomenon in the dark and deep underground? A new discovery just made by Dr. Liu Wen, a scholar studying in the United States in Hubei Province, gave a positive answer to this scientific question. Through a series of scientific experiments, he and his research team found an unknown "thermophilic iron-reducing bacteria" from rock samples thousands of meters deep in the stratum. Liu Shi believes that this kind of bacteria may have appeared in the early days of the origin of life on earth.
American experts believe that Liu's discovery will help human beings to detect the phenomenon of life on Mars.
(Excerpted from March 30' s Hubei Daily)
Scientists explain the mystery of the survival of bacteria at the bottom of the deep sea According to the traditional judgment, there is unlikely to be life in the hot springs at the bottom of the deep sea, but scientists have found a large number of microorganisms there in recent ten years. British and Norwegian scientists have recently explained that they live on dead marine life.
An international research team composed of scientists from the University of Bristol in the UK and the University of Bergen in Norway published a report in the British magazine Nature, saying that they found that marine life will sink to the bottom of the sea after death, forming sediments rich in organic matter on the bottom of the sea, which will decompose to form acetate, and acetate can provide microorganisms with necessary elements such as carbon for bacteria to survive.
Scientists explained that living things need the materials to form life and the energy to maintain their survival. For deep-sea microorganisms, their material basis is provided by dead marine debris, and their energy source is the heat provided by hot springs and the energy contained in marine debris. The researchers said that this kind of life form is very different from the usual life phenomenon, and the life phenomenon is far more tenacious than people originally thought, and the way of life is much richer, so they speculated that the environment on Mars and other planets may produce life-and-death phenomena.
Huaihai Daily 97.8. 10
American scientists discover new marine life. Recently, American scientists discovered a marine worm living on the seabed solid natural gas in the Gulf of Mexico. It is believed that this discovery is very helpful to study how to develop submarine natural gas resources.
Charles Fischer, a marine biologist from Pennsylvania State University, and other four people explored the bottom of the Gulf of Mexico by submarine in July. They found this creature at the bottom of the sea 600 meters south of New Orleans 150 nautical miles. Because this creature is parasitic on frozen natural gas ice mounds, they call it "ice worms". "Ice worm" is flat, pink, 2.5 cm to 5 cm long, with legs about 12 long 1 mm on both sides of the body, and the legs are covered with fine whiskers.
The surface of natural gas accretion mound is similar to ice, and it is a transparent solid formed by water and natural gas under the environment of high pressure and low temperature on the seabed, mainly composed of methane. This transparent solid is flammable, explosive and toxic. Scientists think that there may be microbes on the ice mound that have not been discovered by human beings, but they did not expect that there are still animals like "ice worms" in this highly toxic environment.
The discovery of "ice worm" will have a certain impact on the study of the formation, development and utilization of submarine hydrate. China Patent Newspaper 97.9.15
The newly discovered life on the earth 1980, the exploration scientists found a large number of microorganisms in the hot spring vents deep in the sea. Its remarkable feature is that it depends on the chemical energy carried by the rising hydrothermal solution in the cracks of the ocean floor to maintain life. Later, it was found that these microorganisms were widely distributed. Therefore, scientists have designated them as the third largest life domain on earth.
People are surprised to find that there are also lives hundreds of meters to thousands of meters deep from the land, and the number is huge, thus forming the fourth life domain on earth. 1992, when searching for deep oil and gas in Sweden, several anaerobic and thermophilic fermentative bacteria were found and cultivated in fluid samples from 3900 to 4200m underground. Later, the existence of deep underground microorganisms was confirmed in many places in different parts of the world.
Experts have confirmed that these microorganisms are rich, diverse and metabolic, and some of them cannot be cultivated on the surface. An important feature of this kind of life is that it lives in a high-temperature and high-pressure environment. According to actual observation, its highest temperature is as high as 1 10C. They are anaerobic, do not rely on sunlight and surface energy, but mainly rely on chemical energy carried by deep fluids.
Some cosmologists in the United States believe that this life form may exist in many stars in the universe, and these life forms on the earth are just a branch of the whole life form. Therefore, people can imagine that finding "alien life" in other planets can become a reality.