Dairy industry is the most modern and multifunctional industry in agriculture, and it needs a high degree of coordination. Foreign development experience shows that the most important manifestation of agricultural industrialization is the industrialization of animal husbandry, and the industrialization of animal husbandry is the industrialization of dairy industry. In agricultural industrialization, dairy industrialization is the most representative.

2.1international dairy industry

Developed countries regard the development level of dairy industry as an important symbol of the development level of modern agriculture, especially animal husbandry. All countries with developed animal husbandry have developed dairy industry. In 2000, the average proportion of world dairy industry in total agricultural output value was about 20%, while China only had 3%. The dairy industry in Europe, America and Oceania has a long history of development and a high level of productivity, which plays an important role in the national economy.

The production and consumption of milk in the world are mainly concentrated in developed countries in Europe, North America and Oceania. As a raw material of food and food processing industry, milk is of great significance to people's life and economic development in many countries. More than half of the world's milk production is produced in developed countries in Europe and America. From the perspective of per capita possession, there are great differences among regions in the world. The country with the highest per capita output is New Zealand (the per capita milk possession in 2000 was 3 180kg), followed by Australia (584kg), North America (3 12kg) and Europe (284kg), with the lowest. In recent years, dairy industry in Asian countries has developed rapidly.

In recent years, developing countries, especially Asian countries, have also taken the development of dairy industry as an important measure to improve the national nutrition level and national quality and promote economic development, among which India's dairy industry has developed particularly rapidly. At present, India has become a major milk producer in the world, with per capita milk consumption reaching 100 kg. China also put forward the slogan "A glass of milk makes a nation strong".

With the development of dairy industry, dairy production has gradually changed from increasing the number of cows to improving the quality of cows. Since 1970s, developed countries have implemented the strategy of reducing the number of dairy cows and improving the unit yield of dairy cows to keep the steady growth of milk production. Due to the low level of dairy productivity in developing countries, the dairy industry has been mainly engaged in extensive management for many years, and the growth of milk production depends on the increase of the number of cows. Asian dairy countries, such as India and China, have gradually attached importance to the intensive management of dairy industry. While the number of dairy cows has increased, they have emphasized the continuous improvement of the unit yield of dairy cows.

With the development of dairy industry, the integration of dairy products is getting higher and higher. In the Netherlands, 13 of the existing 22 dairy plants are integrated cooperatives of production, processing and marketing, including the three largest processing plants that supply 80% of the country's milk and its products. In addition, the United States, Japan, India and other countries with rapid development of dairy industry have a very high degree of integration of production, processing and sales.

2.2 Domestic dairy industry situation

Geographically, the main dairy farming bases in the world are concentrated between 45 degrees north latitude and 45 degrees south latitude. Between this latitude, due to its natural climatic advantages, grassland resources are rich, suitable for the feeding of dairy cows. 45 degrees north latitude, Europe and Canada where dairy farming is concentrated. At 45 degrees south latitude, there are New Zealand and Australia, all of which are big dairy farming countries. In China, Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang, Xinjiang and Gansu are all located between 45 degrees north latitude, which are all advantageous regional industrial belts of China's dairy industry.

The production of dairy products in China has grown rapidly. Since 1999, the growth rate of milk in China has been increasing year by year, which is still far from meeting the demand. It is necessary to increase the import volume to supplement it. According to statistics, in 2003, there were 8.932 million improved and improved dairy cows in China, an increase of 102% compared with 1999, and the total milk output was18.486 million tons (including milk17.463 million tons), an increase of 34% over the previous year. In terms of dairy processing, the national dairy production in 2003 was1404,500 tons, with an average annual growth rate of 15.2%. The per capita share of dairy products rose to 14.4 kg.

While domestic production has increased substantially, the number of dairy products imported from abroad has also increased substantially. In May 2003, the amount of dairy products imported was173.99 million US dollars, up 58.8% year-on-year. Dairy imports 153 152 tons, up 42.6% year-on-year. The largest import volume is all kinds of solid milk and cream, accounting for 67.3% of the total import value, followed by whey and modified whey, accounting for 25. 1% of the total import value.

In terms of consumer demand, it shows a sharp upward trend year by year. At present, the consumption of dairy products in China is still concentrated in large and medium-sized cities, with an increase rate of 20%-30%, and gradually expands to small cities and towns. According to the statistics of the National Bureau of Statistics, in 20041-1month, the average monthly equivalent dairy consumption (including fresh dairy products, yogurt and milk powder) of urban residents in China was 2.09 kg, and the estimated annual dairy consumption was 25.3 kg, with an average annual increase of 18.8%.

From the production and consumption trend of dairy products, China's dairy industry has developed rapidly, but there is still a great gap compared with developed countries. At present, the per capita consumption of dairy products in the world is 105 kg, which is as high as 220 kg in developed countries such as Europe and America, and 40 kg in Asia. At present, the per capita consumption in large and medium-sized cities in China is only about 25.3 kg. Although it is growing steadily, the market development potential is still huge.

According to the prediction of dairy experts, in the next 5- 10 years, China's dairy industry will still maintain the momentum of rapid development, the number of dairy cows and the output of raw milk will continue to increase, and the layout will be concentrated in advantageous areas (mainly Inner Mongolia, Heilongjiang and northern North China). The scale of processing enterprises will be further expanded, the degree of industrialization and the concentration of industries will be further improved, and the proportion of dairy industry in the national economy will increase.

2.3 Background of this project

The construction site of this project is Hulunbeier City, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, which has hulun buir grassland, one of the four grasslands in the world. It is rich in water and grass resources, diverse in biological species, with remarkable regional advantages and superior ecological conditions. It is a rare green pure land, northern jasper, pasture kingdom and grassland pearl that is relatively well protected in China. It has unique advantages and great potential for the development of grassland ecological green industry, and has become an important ecological barrier in northern China with the natural forest in Daxing' anling.

The city is located in the dominant area of milk source, rich in grass resources and grain resources, and is a traditional dairy farming area. But at present, there are the following problems in the development of dairy industry, which limit the development of dairy industry.

2.3. 1 milk source problem

Milk source is the foundation of the development of dairy products, and the development of milk source restricts and determines the production, consumption and quality of dairy products. At present, the milk source in Hulunbeier area has the following problems.

1, the variety of dairy cows is mixed, the yield is low, and the stock of improved varieties is insufficient.

In recent three years, in the development of dairy farming, all localities have begun to change from increasing the number of dairy cows to increasing the single yield of dairy cows, but although the number of dairy cows in China has increased by double digits. However, the proportion of Holstein thoroughbred cattle is still less than 1/3, with about 2.4 million cattle. In 2004, the number of dairy cows in Hulunbeier was only 2 1.3, and the milk yield was 336,000 tons. The average yield per cow was only 1570 kg/year, which was much lower than the national average of 2,800-3,000 kg.

China imports a large number of dairy cows from Australia, New Zealand and other countries every year, but due to the limited number of dairy cows in importing countries, the demand for high-yield dairy cows in various regions of China is still strong. The feeding of low-yield dairy cows has caused great waste of food, feed and human resources. Improving the yield quality of dairy cows has become an urgent problem to be solved in the development of Hulunbeier dairy cows.

2. The feeding methods are backward and lack of scientific feed ratio.

There are different economic states in the agricultural area, pastoral area and forest area in Hulunbeier City. For a long time, the herdsman's dairy farming in pastoral area is mainly free-range, and the food and feed intake is insufficient, resulting in low milk production of dairy cows. Dairy cattle breeding in agricultural areas is mainly based on coarse food such as silage, and the milk fat content is low. The utilization rate of concentrated feed is low, and there is no 1 enterprise specializing in producing concentrated feed for dairy cows in the whole city. Farmers don't have the consciousness of scientific feed proportion, and lack scientific guidance and drive in breeding methods, which also causes the milk yield of imported fine dairy cows to decline, in order to achieve the expected high-yield effect.

3. The backward mode of raw milk production and transportation has affected the price and quality of raw milk.

The decentralized management of one household in Hulunbeier area is a common breeding form at present. The number of dairy cows is mostly 2- 10. Because of the large investment, mechanical milking equipment and frozen milk storage tanks are not suitable for individual farmers and herdsmen to invest. Most dairy farmers still adopt manual milking, which is very easy to cause secondary pollution and deterioration of milk, which reduces the milk grade, artificially reduces the milk price and causes hidden dangers of food safety. At the same time, manual milking also limits the number of dairy cows raised by farmers.

As a special fresh food, fresh milk must be stored at low temperature. Under normal temperature transportation, the normal temperature transportation radius is only 50 kilometers. Hulunbeier has a large geographical area, farmers and herdsmen live in scattered areas, and the transportation distance of fresh milk is long. Most farmers do not have special transportation tools for fresh milk, and the transportation problems limit the improvement of the quantity and quality of raw milk. The difficulty of transportation also makes middlemen profitable. Due to the easy deterioration of fresh milk, many farmers have to sell it to middlemen at low prices, which causes middlemen to make huge profits in it, and at the same time, the interests drive the middlemen to adulterate seriously.

Dairy products are recognized as the most nutritious healthy food. The consumption of dairy products in China lags far behind that in developed countries. In recent years, the consumption of dairy products is on the rise. However, due to repeated quality problems, the consumption has declined. At present, some people think that the supply exceeds demand in the dairy market, in fact, it is the shrinking consumption and the unreliable quality of dairy products, which has become an important reason to curb the desire for consumption. From the perspective of food safety, only by ensuring the safety of milk sources can the food safety of dairy products be guaranteed and the consumption of dairy products be guaranteed.

2.3.2 Low processing level of dairy products

China's dairy production and brand have a strong regional color, low-level repeated construction is serious, production is not standardized, and competition is disorderly. Small dairy production enterprises with a processing capacity of about 20 tons generally exist in Hulunbeier area, and their products are of low grade and the quality is difficult to guarantee, which leads to disorderly competition of raw milk. At the same time, low-quality products cause waste of raw milk. At present, domestic dairy manufacturers have set up factories in Hulunbeier area, but most of them only pay attention to the competition for milk sources, and do not invest in the construction of milk sources, which has caused confusion in the competition for milk sources in this area. The lack of dairy processing capacity has also caused farmers and herdsmen's cows to dare not develop cattle on a large scale and hold a wait-and-see attitude.

Some experts predict that most dairy enterprises in China will face a crisis of survival within five years after China's entry into WTO. At present, there are more than 1500 dairy enterprises in China, with an annual output of 8 million tons, but 90% of them are small enterprises, with a daily output of less than 100 tons. There are few types of products, and the products are either single or "small and complete", with no fist products. Most of them are stuck in new products, unable to reduce costs, and lack of funds for technological transformation and scale expansion. Even at present, the annual sales of the well-known bright dairy industry in China only accounts for110 of the annual sales of New Zealand Dairy Group, which ranks 25th in the world. The total sales of domestic dairy enterprises add up, and it is difficult to compare with the annual sales of Swiss Nestle 133 billion yuan, and the strength is very different.

I deducted it from the project proposal. If it is good, give more points.