Eel is a kind of fish, in order to get the success of artificial culture of eel and high yield and efficiency, the first one is in accordance with the ecological requirements of eel growth Feeding. Below I will share with you the specific feeding methods of eels, I hope to help you!
Eel feeding methods
1 Lotus root pond preparation
Area 666.67 ~ 1 000.00m2, the requirements of the lotus root pond bottom soil is soft, sufficient water, drainage and irrigation is convenient. In the pond around the excavation ditch, ditch width 1.5m, depth 0.5m. ditch on the uniform construction of 6 set of fish pits, each set of fish pits area of 10 ~ 15m2, depth 0.5m. pond in the excavation of longitudinal and transversal ditch, ditch width 0.8m, depth 0.4m, was? The ditch is 0.8m wide and 0.4m deep, and is in the shape of a well. Zigzag, and with the ditch and fish collection pit connected. Inside the ditch and pit, there are bamboo tubes, broken tiles, bricks and other fish nests for eels and loaches to hide. The water inlet and outlet are set up at the opposite corners of the pond. The pond is surrounded by 1m high polyethylene mesh. Before germination of lotus root, use lime 1 200kg/hm2 to disinfect. Cultivation of lotus root is carried out as usual, and the planting is finished before April. 10d before eel and loach seed stocking, apply livestock and poultry manure 3,750kg/hm2 in ditches and pits, inject water to a depth of 30cm, and cultivate bio-feed. The depth of the pool water can be considered mainly for raising loaches. Pool water should be appropriately deep, can give full play to the waters of the production potential. In the mixed pool planting water plants, water plants to support the eel to the surface of the water to breathe, at the same time, lotus root can be for eels and loaches to prevent heat, purify the water quality, to provide an excellent habitat.
2 eel and loach stocking
Breeding varieties and seedlings should be selected fast-growing varieties stocking. As our eel and loach breeding technology has not yet fully reached the level of mass production, many farmers use the acquisition of wild seedlings, these seedlings due to temporary and transportation operations are not scientific, the mortality rate after stocking is very high, to the mixing caused by the proportion of dislocation and insufficient number, affecting the yield. When purchasing seedlings, you should carefully examine and recognize them, and try to use artificially bred seedlings. From the beginning of May to start stocking eel species, loach species, specifications require basic consistency. Eel seed stocking specifications 32 ~ 40 tail/kg, put 1 200kg/hm2; loach seed specifications 80 tail/kg, put 450kg/hm2. In high-density feeding, can reduce eels due to lack of oxygen caused by each other entangled, prevent? Fever disease can be prevented. The eel seed and loach seed should be free from injury and disease, with fat body, and soaked in 3% salt water for 5~8min before stocking.The sources of eel seed and loach seed are field catching, market purchase and artificial breeding. Since there is no productive breakthrough in artificial breeding of eel and loach species, the eel and loach species for adult eel and loach breeding are mainly from wild capture or market purchase, or a combination of wild capture, market purchase and artificial breeding.
3 feed feeding
In the eel, loach mixed farming, not only to meet them **** the same feeding elements, but also based on their biological characteristics, to take appropriate measures to play to the strengths of each other to achieve mutual cooperation, complement each other, coordinated growth. In terms of feeding, you can raise eels as the main consideration. Eel is a carnivorous fish, on the plant-based feed such as wheat, vegetable cake, etc., only in severe hunger and lack of bait, only swallowed some. In order to meet the needs of the eel's life activities, should be fed animal feed and full-price feed, less or no plant feed. At the same time, eels eat feed has a certain degree of fixity, change the type of feed, eels are difficult to adapt to a moment and refuse to eat, will affect its normal growth. Therefore, in mixed feeding, the feed should not be changed frequently, so as not to cause a large amount of feed waste and increase feeding costs. Set up the food table in the fish collection pit and feed in the evening. Feeding amount to the extent that no residual bait is left after eating early the next morning. The bait is mainly artificially cultivated earthworms, and when earthworms are lacking, feed tadpoles, fly maggots, snail meat, and small mixed fish. Loach, eel excreta in the lotus root pond can be absorbed by the lotus root, beneficial to the growth of lotus root, while the lotus root pond water quality has been purified. Eels are extremely tenacious feeders and only eat fresh bait. In general, rotten bait, animal carcasses and phytoplankton in the water eels do not eat, but the loach can eat these baits, there are? Scavenger? The role of the residual bait can reduce the pollution of the water body. Therefore, loach eat eel residual bait, feces and natural bait in the field, not another bait. At the same time, the loach breeding ability is strong, in the lotus root pond eel, loach mixed culture, in the breeding season mature loach breeding loach seedling, loach seed can be used as a high-quality feed for eels.
4 Daily management
Daily inspection of lotus root ponds, found problems in time to solve. The water level of the lotus root pond to meet the growth of lotus root shall prevail, rain attention to timely drainage, to prevent flooding run fish; timely removal of lotus root excessive floating leaves and early leaves, to ensure that the lotus root pond ventilation and light; summer in the field ditch and fish catchment pits to raise water hyacinth and other aquatic plants. During the feeding period, the entire lotus root pond to maintain a micro-flow state; in the lotus root pond stocking toad 450 ~ 600 / hm2, the use of toad secretion toadstool sterilization, prevention and control of eel, loach bacterial diseases, with the splashing of quicklime and pig's blood trapping and control of leeches, to prevent the transmission of disease. Loach like to scurry up and down in the water, can bring the bottom of the pond harmful gases (hydrogen sulfide, etc.) to the surface layer of the water, escaping into the air, reducing the toxic effect; at the same time increase the vertical flow of the upper and lower water layers, so that the lower layer of the water oxygen can be improved. Loach can be used as an indicator organism of dissolved oxygen in the water body. The water body lacks oxygen, loach will frequently surface and suck air. This phenomenon can be based on the water body to determine whether the lack of oxygen.
5 Harvest
July to August is the main harvesting period of green lotus root. From the beginning of October, eels and loaches will be caught one after another, and will be finished by the end of November. The dead lotus root can be harvested until the end of April of the next year, combined with the turning of the soil to collect lotus root will be eel, loach one by one to catch all.
Eel habitats
Ethnicity
Eel (3) eel for the tropical and warm temperate zone fish, the camp benthic life of the fish, adaptability, in the river, lakes, ditches and rice paddies can survive. During the daytime, it likes to burrow in the humus silt or burrow in the stone gap with water on the bank. Rarely active during the day, night out of the cave for food. Gills are not developed, but with the oral cavity and the laryngeal cavity of the inner wall of the epidermis as a respiratory auxiliary organs, can breathe air directly; in the water when the oxygen content is very poor, can also survive. Out of the water, as long as the skin is kept moist, within a few days will not die. The eel is a variety of small animals for food omnivorous fish, sexual greed, summer feeding is the most exuberant, the cold season can be a long time without food, but not to death.
Eels are generally active in spring, summer and fall. Like to live in ponds, rivers, rice paddies ridge side of the mud holes and cracks in the stone. In winter, deep in the hole hibernation.
Season, the eel after a winter of lurking, physical exertion, need to eat a lot, so the spring is a good time to fish eel. In the summer, the climate is hot, eels have been out of the hole drilling in the water grass, cracks, under the dead tree? The first thing you need to do is to get a good deal on your own. The first thing you need to do is to get a good deal on your own. In the fall, eels began to burst holes, not easy to hook. [5]
The body shape of the eel is more special, it is not the usual freshwater fish like the side of the flat, spindle-shaped, but the front of the big after the small long snake-shaped body. Its body can be divided into head, trunk and tail and other three parts
The reproductive season of the eel is about June-August, in its individual development, with the characteristics of male and female sex reversal, that is, from the embryonic period to the first sexual maturity are female (i.e., body length of 35 centimeters below the individual's gonads all ovaries); spawning ovaries gradually become spermathecal ovaries; body length of 36-48 centimeters, part of the sex reversal, the male and female individuals almost equal to the female and female individuals. The male and female individuals are almost equal; those that grow to 53 centimeters or more are mostly spermathecae. When the young fish can only grow to 20 centimeters, 2 winter age of the female to reach maturity, the body length of at least 34 centimeters. The largest individual can reach 70 centimeters and weigh 1.5 kilograms. Eel spawning in its cave near the mouth of the hole, spawning before the mouth spit foam pile into the nest, fertilized eggs in the foam with the help of the buoyancy of the foam, the development of the water surface, both male and female fish have the habit of protecting the nest.
Eel morphology (3) eel body is cylindrical, suitable for cave life, in and out of the cave, reduce friction is very favorable. It is really a bit ? Hermit? Temperament, no special attack skills, no strong defense weapons, the only skill is? The only skill is the "Thirty-Six Stratagems, Escape is the best plan". It has neither cerebral fins nor ventral fins, and its dorsal and anal fins are so degraded that only a little fold of skin is left, and the scales have disappeared to the extent that they are hard to see with the naked eye. However, the whole body can secrete a very oily mucus, not careful, it can be from your hands to slip away. Eel body mucus, the main function is: to prevent bacteria, germs infested body, reduce disease; to prevent parasitic animals and plants of the discipline entanglement, favorable growth; oily and slippery surface, in favor of it in the mud pass unimpeded.
The eel embryo development to the first sexual maturity for female, but from the second sexual maturity when it became male. That is to say, the eel in the life of both mother and father. This yin and yang transformation process, in biology is called sex reversal.
Fish mostly use gills to breathe, but the eel is unique, its gills degraded, by the surface of the larynx microvessels directly absorb air, so we want to make the eel alive, it must be kept moist, stored in a cool place.
Pregnant eels instinctively push their bellies up when threatened with death, such as by steaming, in a last-ditch effort to protect their babies!
Habitat
Distributed in southeastern Asia, China in addition to the western plateau, the country's waters are produced this fish. Overseas, it is found in western Korea, southern Japan, the Philippines, Java and Myanmar.
Eels are widely distributed in lakes, rivers, reservoirs, ponds, ditches and other bodies of water throughout the country. In addition to the Northwest Plateau region, all regions have been recorded, especially the Pearl River Basin and the Yangtze River Basin, but also the abundant production of eels in the region. Eels in foreign countries are mainly distributed in Thailand, Indonesia, the Philippines and other places, India, Japan, North Korea also produces eels.
The requirements of eel feedingFirst, for the pond requirements:
For the pond, the requirements are not high, but not low, the pond should be east-west, sheltered from the wind to the sun, the depth of 1.0 meters to 1.5 meters or so, good lighting conditions, no industrial pollution, the front of the house ponds and the heart of the village ponds can be. Nets are generally set up in the pond sheltered from the wind and the sun, pond water depth of 1.5 meters, it is appropriate to be located near the residence, in order to manage.
Second, about the net box
The net box, in fact, is very simple, there are many ways to make, do not stick to. You can do it yourself, it's cheap. Introduce a:
With nylon thread (polyethylene) knotless mesh woven, the size according to need, generally rectangular net box, specifications 3 meters H2 meters H1 meters or 10 meters H3 meters H1.2 meters, surrounded by fixed with moso bamboo, exposed to the water surface of 30-40 centimeters, the mesh is 10 mesh to 36 mesh, the production of suitable for the small should not be large. Eels have the habit of drilling when they see the hole, if the mesh is large, eels even if they can not drill, will not easily give up, the result is often stuck in the head, affecting the eating. At the same time, live bait is easy to swim away from the mesh. In order to facilitate baiting, the net box cover can be used for larger mesh. Nets above and below the outline of the rope diameter of 0.6 cm to 0.8 cm, in the nets above the mouth of the week inward out 6 cm wide eaves, the box into the water 70 cm, supported by stakes.
Third, the net box placement:
Net box put about 30 cm thick river mud, or net box in the eel species into the box 5 days ~ 7 days before the water, in order to facilitate the eel species into the box before the box of mesh to form a biofilm consisting of filamentous algae, you can avoid friction injury to the eel body. The distribution surface of the net box does not exceed 60% of the total water surface of the pond,. According to the shape of the pond sequential arrangement, net box between the frame with moso bamboo, easy to feed management. The box put revolution grass, accounting for about 95% of the net box area, the head of the water plants can not be higher than the box mouth, to prevent eels from escaping along the water plants.
Fourth, put seedlings
Eel seedlings for artificial breeding seedlings or wild seedlings. To be robust without trauma, body color bright. General specifications in the tail weight of 25-100 grams / tail, per square meter of water to put 100, small can be put 150, weight about 2.5 kg ~ 5 kg.
When stocking, disinfect with 3% salt water for 10 minutes.
The stocking time is April-May or July-August.
According to the specifications of the box to put, each net box eel species require the same specifications, so as not to be too different and kill each other.
V. Daily management
First, water management. Eels like fertile water, dissolved oxygen sufficient environment. Generally, you should maintain a water layer of 10 centimeters to 15 centimeters. Spring 7 days to 10 days to change the water, summer 3 days to 5 days to change the water. Keep the mesh open, mesh blockage, the net box inside and outside the water body can not be exchanged in a timely manner, then the net box water body quickly deteriorated, seriously affecting the feeding and growth of eels.
Secondly, feeding, eel species into the box, 3 days can not be fed, to be adapted to the new environment, you can bait 1 time in the evening. The feed is mainly small mixed fish, earthworms, snails and clams, mussels, etc., with earthworms as the best, but also can be fed water fleas, soybean dregs, rapeseed cake, fruits and other artificial feed. Feeding should be timed, eels day and night, in the afternoon 6 pm to 8 pm feeding is appropriate. Eels in the water temperature of 15 ℃ ~ 32 ℃ when feeding exuberant, below 10 ℃ to stop feeding. The daily feeding amount is 6% to 8% of the eel's body weight. If you overfeed, you should fish out the leftover feed and keep the water clean. The feeding time is divided into 8-9 am and 3-4 pm for the second time.
Third, to prevent eels from escaping. Frequently check whether the net box interface is solid, whether there is rodent damage.
Fourth, the feeding process in the net box into the water peanut, its coverage accounted for about 80% of the area of the net box, which can purify the water quality, but also to provide hidden resting place for eels, conducive to the growth of eels. When transplanting peanuts, it is best to remove the roots and wash them in 5% salt water for about 10 minutes to prevent locusts and other harmful organisms from being brought into the box with the grass. Fish out the peanuts regularly to prevent the peanuts from growing too much, growing out of the box and causing eel escape in the rainy days.
Six, disease control
Seedlings should be strictly disinfected before entering the box, especially in the eel is prone to disease in July ~ September, every 20 days with 1ppm bleach sprinkled throughout the box, found that the sick eel timely isolation. Eels appear to refuse to eat, reduce the feeding amount in time, to prevent overfeeding and cause enteritis. The disease is found in a timely manner to minimize the loss of medicine.
Seven, wintering management
The water temperature is below 15 ℃ when the eel basically stop feeding, below 10 ℃ into hibernation. Therefore, in the early fall when the water temperature is suitable should strengthen the nutrition, enhance the eel body, in order to prepare for the winter energy consumption, that is, increase the amount of bait feeding, timely supplementation of liver and gallbladder, digestive drugs and vitamins, in order to enhance the body's ability to resist stress. When the water temperature drops to 15 ℃ should start to prepare for eel overwintering. Specific methods: fishing out water hyacinth and other aquatic plants, in the bottom of the net box paved 20 cm thick by exposure to disinfection and contains more organic matter alkaline soil, and then will be sterilized in the current year straw into the net box, the thickness of 40 to 50 cm. In this way, when the temperature is low, eels will drill into the mud at the bottom of the net, and when the temperature rises, eels will drill into the straw, or sunbathe on the surface of the straw. In the overwintering period, the net box water body should be less exchange, so as not to water temperature is too low frostbite eels.
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