Goldfish breeding in China has a long history. As early as the Southern Song Dynasty, it was widely popular to raise goldfish in the palaces and courtyards of dignitaries. At that time, goldfish were only high-grade pets of the royal family and could not enter the homes of ordinary people. With the development of society and the improvement of people's living standards, goldfish breeding has spread to thousands of households and has become a common pet in modern times.
According to the different forms and locations, goldfish in family farming are generally divided into three categories: courtyard farming, balcony roof farming and aquarium farming.
Because of its small size, domestic rectangular aquariums should not be raised more, but less should not be raised more. For example, in a container with a length of 40 cm, a width of 25 cm and a height of 30 cm, 6 to 8 small goldfish with a length of 5 to 7 cm can be raised. For example, a round glass jar with a diameter of 26 cm and a height of 13 cm can raise 4 ~ 6 small goldfish with a diameter of 4 ~ 6 cm. Adult fish with a body length of more than 8 cm should not be raised in small glass tanks, but in luxurious large glass tanks or ceramic tanks, with a small oxygenator for standby to prevent hypoxia. These stocking densities are only reference figures, but also depend on the level of water temperature, the strength of fish and the quality of water, and cannot be determined mechanically. Generally speaking, the fish is big and has a small number of animals. Raise more in winter and less in summer; When the water temperature is low, you can raise more, and when the water temperature is high, you should raise less.
Courtyard farming: refers to the cultivation of goldfish in small ponds in villas and family farms, with strange stones and plants, which not only cultivate self-cultivation, but also beautify the environment and make people happy.
Balcony roof farming: Generally in Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces, many people use this method. It is necessary to waterproof the pond to prevent the water from leaking, set up a sunshade to prevent the water temperature from being too high in the direct sunlight in summer, and design a reservoir and an operation channel next to the breeding pond.
Aquarium culture: goldfish lovers are generally willing to choose aquarium to raise fish, which is economical and affordable, and convenient for appreciation. When the living area at home is not wide, placing a fish tank in the corner can add a lot of interest to the room.
About the proportion between the size of the sink and the number of goldfish
water channel
Small goldfish
Medium goldfish
Big goldfish
60cm large sink
10 article
Article 6
3.
90cm large sink
15
Eight articles
Article 5
It's best not to put it in unstable places, above electrical appliances, in direct sunlight, next to heaters or electric furnaces, far away from tap water or power supply, and places that are not easy to see. ※.
In order to keep the water fresh, the feeding amount should be strictly timed and quantified. Usually, it is appropriate to feed 1 ~ 2 times a day. If it is twice, it is appropriate to eat it in half an hour each time. Don't feed too much bait. If you feed too much, there are two harms: First, the fish is full, the metabolic level is improved, and the oxygen consumption is increased, which is easy. Second, the bait is left, which is easy to rot and ferment, making the water quality worse and causing hypoxia. Many people don't know enough about this problem, for fear that goldfish don't eat enough and often feed too much, and the result is counterproductive, causing water to deteriorate and die of hypoxia, which must be taken as a warning. In fact, goldfish are relatively hungry, and there will be no problems if they are not fed for a week or two.
"use water" Use water in three different orders: drying water, changing water and adding water. Goldfish are most afraid of the cold water newly drawn from the well, so they must go through the sun. The length of sun exposure depends on the species. For delicate fish such as "looking up to the sky" and "turning their cheeks", they must be exposed to water for more days, which is called "old water". In addition, dzi fish and egg fish can be exposed to water for one day, except for blue dragon-eyed fish. Fish pots for fish farming should be arranged in two rows, and the water should be changed from line A to line B in a single day. Change the water in line B every two days, then fish into line A and switch with each other. But we should also pay attention to the special needs of some fish for water, which can't be wrong at all. Goldfish should not be placed in front of shady places, but must be sunny. When it is extremely hot in summer, except for several delicate fish, it is necessary to add some raw water that has not been dried, sometimes in the morning and evening. More attention should be paid to the fish's "calling water". In 24 hours a day, the weather is the most stuffy after the fourth watch and the fifth watch. When the fish is sultry and floats on the water, people must get up and add fresh water, otherwise the goldfish will die or get sick. Every morning and evening, the fish excrement, dead insects and filth in the basin should be removed, and the basin water cannot be completely replaced. As for getting rid of fish lice and treating fish diseases, there are more ways.
How to prevent goldfish from getting sick?
Goldfish live in water, and once they get sick, it is difficult to treat and isolate them. Therefore, early prevention is an important measure to prevent goldfish from getting sick.
The steps of goldfish disease prevention are as follows:
(1) Sunbathing: When changing water thoroughly, disinfect and sunbathe the fish tank (pool) and all utensils regularly with drugs such as potassium permanganate or trichlorfon.
(2) Stop eating: Do not feed rotten and deteriorated feed, especially red worms that stink and die, and the feeding amount should be based on the principle of less than more. It is necessary to train the good habit of eating regularly and keep the water clean. Once the goldfish get sick, stop feeding immediately.
(3) Disinfection with drugs regularly: Take a bath of goldfish10 ~15 minutes with 2% salt solution or furacilin or furazolidone (furazolidone) water solution in combination with the time of completely changing water (7 ~15 days). At ordinary times, the feeding water can be put in salt at the ratio of 1/10000 or 1/5000 to prevent diseases. You can also put 01~ 0.2g of furacilin or furazolidone tablets in every 50kg of water for disease prevention. Especially in the rainy season, disease prevention is more important.
White spots on the body surface and fins of goldfish appear sesame-like white spots, which gradually spread to the whole body and eventually die. So, what should we do? In 2 ~ 3 days, raise the water temperature to 30 degrees. Potassium permanganate, a disinfectant, is very effective. It is suggested that while taking medicine, more sunlight should be used, and the water temperature should be the same when changing water. After the white spots disappear, you can insist on using some water purifying agent every day, and the white spots will be completely cured.
Buying goldfish in winter has more knowledge than other seasons, because the change of water temperature in spring, summer and autumn is relatively smaller than that in winter. Because of the cold climate in winter, the vendors selling goldfish failed to control the water temperature well, resulting in a sharp drop in water temperature, which will have a great impact on the swim bladder of goldfish and easily cause swim bladder disease. In winter, if you are careful with fish friends, you will find some goldfish with their stomachs facing the sky. Although such goldfish will still survive for a while, they will lose their ornamental value. Some fishmongers lower the water level in the basin. At this time, the sick goldfish will not float upside down on the water, just like other normal goldfish. You can't see it if you don't pay attention. At this time, you must pay attention when choosing goldfish, and don't choose the sick fish home. The weather is cold in winter, and the water surface often freezes when selling fish outdoors. Because the water area is very small, the scales of goldfish will be easily scraped off by ice stubble when swimming or fishing. If the scales fall off in a large area, goldfish will be difficult to care for. It should also be noted that goldfish will be easily frostbitten in winter. If red blood silk is found on the fish surface, don't buy such fish. It should also be mentioned that when you buy goldfish home, don't put the goldfish into the fish tank immediately, because the water temperature in the bag is very different from that in your fish tank. The correct way is to put the bag together with the goldfish in the fish tank first, and then fish the goldfish into the fish tank after the water temperature in the bag is the same as that in the fish tank.
It is best to keep the newly purchased goldfish alone for a period of time and then put them together with the original fish. If the newly purchased goldfish has germs, it will soon infect the whole tank of fish. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure that there is no problem after keeping them for one to two weeks before putting the newly purchased fish into the main fish tank.
Most of the goldfish sold by fishmongers come from professional fish farms. The fish farms have large waters and all have oxygen-increasing measures. If you buy them back at home and put them in fish tanks, the living environment will become smaller, which will easily lead to hypoxia. The best solution is to use oxygen-increasing equipment or the number of goldfish in fish tanks should not be too large. Don't rush to feed, because goldfish will be fed immediately after long-distance trafficking, which will easily cause intestinal diseases of goldfish, and fish will easily suffer from hypoxia after eating, and excrement will easily cause water quality to deteriorate, which will most easily lead to dead fish. The correct way is to start feeding the fish two to three days after they adapt to the new environment, feeding less each time, and increasing the amount on the premise of ensuring the normal fish. Artificial pellet feed is better to use complete feed with complete nutrients, which is sold in the market.
How to tell the sex of goldfish
Most people like to raise goldfish in pairs, because even numbers are auspicious, and pairs also have the meaning of happiness. On the other hand, some farmers want to do some breeding, in order to further explore the knowledge of goldfish growth and development and the fun of raising fish in the process of breeding.
In order to accurately distinguish the male and female goldfish, besides mastering the basic essentials introduced in books, it is more important to carefully observe the differences in external morphology and swimming of different goldfish varieties and the changes in external morphology of goldfish in different periods in the long-term feeding process.
Male and female goldfish are mainly distinguished from the following aspects:
(A) the difference between the external form:
(1) Difference in body shape: Male goldfish are generally slightly longer, while female goldfish are shorter and rounder. The abdomen of female fish is larger than that of male fish during the egg-bearing period.
(2) The difference of tail stalk: The male fish is slightly stronger than the female fish.
(3) Difference of pectoral fin: Careful observation shows that the male fish is slightly longer and the first fin of pectoral fin is thicker and harder; The female fish is short and round, and the first fin of the pectoral fin is not too hard.
(4) The difference of spawning holes: From the belly up, the spawning holes of male fish are small, long and narrow, and concave; The female fish's spawning hole is large and slightly round, protruding outwards.
(2) Difference in color: There is a slight difference in body color between male and female goldfish. The male fish is generally brightly colored, while the female fish is slightly lighter. In the breeding and development period, the male fish is more brightly colored.
(3) Feel and feel: gently hold the fish's abdomen with your hands, and the middle finger and ring finger feel that there is an obvious hard line in the male fish's abdomen, while the female fish's abdomen is soft. When walking by the fish pond, the male fish swims fast and agile, while the female fish moves slowly.
(4) idolize: With the temperature rising, goldfish will have the second characteristic-idolize during spawning, which is the easiest and most accurate time to identify the sex of goldfish, and it is also the easiest method to master. The idolize of male fish appears on the first thorn of pectoral fin and the edge of gill cover. Many times, idolize grows on each fin of the whole pectoral fin, the front end is obvious, and the back can only be observed carefully. This rough little white spot is idolize.
Using the above identification methods, we must rely on years of feeding experience and careful observation at ordinary times to accurately identify the male and female goldfish.