Acute infection, incubation period, pre-AIDS and typical AIDS.
Not every infected person will have a complete four-stage performance, but patients at every disease stage can see it clinically. The different clinical manifestations in the four periods are a gradual and coherent development process.
1, the window of acute infection period is also at this time. The response to physical stimulation after HIV attacks the human body. The patient developed fever, rash, swollen lymph nodes, fatigue, sweating, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea and pharyngitis. Some people also suffer from acute aseptic meningitis, which is characterized by headache, neurological symptoms and meningeal irritation. Peripheral blood tests showed that the total number of white blood cells was normal, or lymphocytes decreased and monocytes increased. In acute infection, the symptoms are often mild and easy to be ignored. After 2-6 weeks of infection, the serum HIV antibody can be positive. Since then, a relatively healthy and asymptomatic incubation period has appeared in clinic.
2. Incubation infection may not have any clinical symptoms, but the incubation period is not a static period, let alone a safe period. The virus keeps multiplying and is extremely destructive. The incubation period refers to the time from HIV infection to the appearance of clinical symptoms and signs of AIDS. It is now considered that the average incubation period of AIDS is 2- 10 years. This has caused great difficulties for early detection and prevention of patients.
3. AIDS-related symptoms and signs began to appear after the pre-AIDS incubation period until it developed into a typical AIDS. During this period, there are many names, including AIDS-related syndrome, lymphadenopathy-related syndrome, persistent systemic lymphadenopathy and pre-AIDS syndrome. At this time, the patient has the most basic feature of AIDS, that is, cellular immune deficiency, but the symptoms are mild. The main clinical manifestations are as follows: A. Lymph node enlargement is one of the most important clinical manifestations at this stage. Mainly superficial lymphadenopathy. The most common parts are head and neck, armpit, groin, back of neck, front of ear, back of ear, femoral lymph nodes, submandibular lymph nodes and so on. Generally, there are at least two or more parts, some as many as a dozen. Enlarged lymph nodes do not respond to general treatment, and often last for more than half a year. About 30% patients only have superficial lymphadenopathy clinically, and there are no other systemic symptoms. B. Patients with systemic symptoms often have symptoms such as general malaise and muscle pain caused by viral diseases. About 50% patients have fatigue and periodic low fever, which often lasts for several months. Night sweats,/kloc-0 more than 5 times a month. About 65,438+0/3 patients lost more than 65,438+00% weight. This weight loss cannot be explained by fever alone, nor can it be controlled by supplementing enough calories. Some patients have headache, depression or anxiety, some have sensory nerve endings, which may be related to the virus invading the nervous system, and some may have reactive mental disorders. 3/4 patients may have splenomegaly. C. Various infections During this period, in addition to the above superficial lymphadenopathy and systemic symptoms, patients often have various special or recurrent non-fatal infections. Repeated infection will accelerate the development of the disease and make the disease enter a typical AIDS period. About half of patients have severe tinea pedis, usually unilateral, and lack effective response to local treatment. Patients often suffer from staphylococcus infection and bullous abscess in armpit and groin, and patients often suffer from condyloma acuminatum and verruca vulgaris virus infection in perianal region, genitals, weight-bearing parts and oral mucosa. The incidence of herpes simplex and herpes zoster in the mouth and lips is also significantly higher than that in the normal population. Oral Candida albicans is also quite common, mainly manifested as oral mucosal erosion, congestion and cheese-like coverage. Other common infections are non-streptococcal pharyngitis, acute and chronic sinusitis and intestinal parasitic infection. Many patients defecate more frequently and become thinner and more sticky. It may be related to proctitis and the invasion of intestinal tract by various pathogenic microorganisms. In addition, hairy leukoplakia can appear in the oral cavity, and the existence of hairy leukoplakia is an important clue for early diagnosis of AIDS.
The typical AIDS period is called fatal AIDS by some scholars, and it is the last stage of HIV infection. This period has three basic characteristics: severe cellular immune deficiency and various fatal opportunistic infections. All kinds of malignant tumors occur. At the end of AIDS, the immune function completely collapsed, and patients developed various serious comprehensive diseases until they died.
The diagnosis of AIDS can not only rely on clinical manifestations. The most important basis is whether the examiner's blood test is positive. Therefore, if you suspect that you are infected with HIV, you should go to the local health and quarantine department for inspection in time, and don't make a diagnosis yourself.
I hope the above will help you!