Planting tomatoes If we plant them in large quantities, we can plant them after germination. If you only plant in your own garden, it is more convenient and quick to buy seedlings in the market.
First, seed treatment
Disinfection: When selecting seeds, try to choose seeds suitable for local climate. We should disinfect the seeds according to the common diseases in the local area. The most commonly used disinfection methods are as follows.
① Soak the seeds in warm soup, put the seeds in warm water at 55℃ and keep the water temperature to soak the seeds for about 15 minutes. Through this treatment, diseases such as canker and leaf mold can be effectively controlled.
(2) Soaking the seeds with trisodium phosphate: firstly, soak the seeds in clean water at room temperature for 3-4 hours, then add an appropriate amount of trisodium phosphate solution into the clean water to continue soaking for about 20 minutes (the concentration is 10%), and finally take out the seeds for cleaning. Through this treatment, viral diseases can be effectively prevented.
Accelerating germination: soak the sterilized seeds for 6-8 hours, then clean the seeds and put them in an environment of 25℃ to accelerate germination.
Second, the preparatory work
Seedling raising facilities: Choose suitable seedling raising facilities according to local climate conditions.
Preparation of nutrient soil: according to the local soil quality, prepare planting elements, such as field type and fertilizer, and prepare nutrient soil according to the design proportion.
Third, sow.
Sowing date: According to the local season and climate conditions, determine the best sowing date.
Sowing method: more than 70% of the seeds with accelerated germination appear white, and the seedlings in summer and autumn can be directly sowed with sterilized seeds.
Before sowing, pour enough bottom water until the depth of bed soil exceeds10cm. Sow a layer of nutrient soil after water is completely soaked, level the bed surface, then sow evenly, and then cover with a layer of nutrient soil after sowing.
In order to prevent collapse, we need to sow carbendazim and fine soil on the seedbed. Cover the seedbed with a plastic film in winter and Spring Festival, and cover the seedbed with straw in summer and autumn.
Fourthly, seedling management.
Environmental control:
① Temperature regulation, shading and cooling should be carried out in summer and autumn, and appropriate management methods should be adopted in winter and spring according to the actual situation; 、
(2) Lighting should be strengthened in winter and spring, and shaded in summer and autumn;
(3) Moisturize, fully water the seedlings, and water them according to the season and other factors.
Seedling separation: after the two cotyledons of the seedlings are completely unfolded, they are moved into a nutrition bowl. The scheme of soil for nutrition bowl is to mix live soil with decomposed ring fertilizer in a ratio of 7:3, and add diammonium phosphate, plant ash and carbendazim appropriately.
Increase the nutrient area: when the number of leaves of seedlings reaches 3~4, increase the seedling spacing, fill the gap in the container with fine mud, and do a good job of moisturizing and heat preservation.
Fertilizer and water management: the main work at seedling stage is to control water and fertilizer. When the number of seedlings leaves reaches 3~4, 750 times of mixed amino acid copper solution can be sprayed according to the actual situation, which can effectively control root rot, damping-off and other root seedling diseases.
Hardening: the temperature in early spring is controlled at 15~20℃ during the day and 5~ 10℃ at night. Sunshade facilities should be gradually dismantled in summer and autumn to effectively control humidity.
Strong seedling index: the seedlings cultivated in spring and summer have a plant height of 25cm, a stem diameter of 0.6cm and large buds. Summer and autumn seedlings, plant height 15cm, stem diameter 0.4cm, developed and formed within 25 days.
Fourth, colonization.
Soil preparation and fertilization: the base fertilizer is mainly decomposed high-quality organic fertilizer, with an amount of 2500~3000kg per mu. According to the maturity and cultivation period of tomato varieties, a proper amount of chemical fertilizer is added.
Apply 25-30kg of calcium magnesium phosphate fertilizer, 0/5-20kg of potassium sulfate/kloc-0 and 5-/5-20kg of urea per mu for early-maturing varieties.
● For late-maturing varieties, the amount of nitrogen fertilizer should be properly controlled.
Generally speaking, the distribution of nitrogen fertilizer and chemical fertilizer in plastic film tomato cultivation is suitable for spreading base fertilizer and topdressing.
In addition to phosphate fertilizer, full-layer fertilization can also be implemented, so that fertilizer and topsoil can be evenly mixed, and soil and fertilizer can be blended. Calcium superphosphate and organic fertilizer are fully mixed and applied to planting holes to reduce the fixation of phosphorus in soil. Spraying 750 times of mixed amino acid copper solution immediately after tomato seedlings are put into planting holes can effectively prevent root rot, collapse and other root diseases caused by dead seedlings and rotten trees, so as to stabilize seedlings. In addition, in order to make tomato roots grow normally, flowers and fruits develop, reduce abnormal abortion and increase sugar content, about 0.5 kg of granular boron fertilizer can be applied when sowing.
Planting time: 25 days after sowing, when the number of seedlings leaves is 5, it is the suitable planting period.
Five, field water and fertilizer management
Water and fertilizer management is the most important part of tomato growth. 7~ 10 days after the field planting, apply root-fixing and seedling-delaying fertilizer with water topdressing once, and spray Miao Zhuang plants once every 10 ~ 15 days, so as to quickly supplement nutrition, strengthen roots and prevent root rot, collapse, soft rot, yellow leaves, mosaic virus and other diseases. Enhance photosynthetic efficiency and promote the transformation and accumulation of nutrients.
Six, plastic pruning
Tomato has a strong growth potential. Every node of the stem will split into axillary buds, and each axillary bud can sprout branches, blossom and bear fruit. If it is allowed to grow, it will lead to excessive growth of branches and leaves, disorder of plant shape, easy consumption of a large number of nutrients, resulting in falling flowers and fruits, small deformation of fruits, and decline in yield and quality. Therefore, in the process of tomato growth, it is necessary to constantly prune, harrow and thin leaves to adjust the growth.
Seven, common pests and diseases
Common tomato diseases include early blight, late blight, cotton wilt, gray mold, leaf mold, bacterial spot disease, virus disease, root-knot nematode disease and so on. Pests mainly include liriomyza sativae, whitefly, aphid, cotton bollworm and so on.