Pinyin name Zǐ Sū Zǐ
English name Perilla Fruit
Alias Perilla, Black Perilla, Iron Perilla, Ren Zi
source
Source of medicinal materials: fruits of perilla frutescens and perilla frutescens in Labiatae.
Latin plant and animal mineral names: Perilla fursscens (L.) Britt. var. Arguta (Benth.) hand.-Mazz P. Fruitscens (L.) Britt. var. Purpura Scenes (Hayata) H.W.li.
Harvest and storage: harvest the fruit when it is ripe in autumn, remove impurities and dry it in the sun.
Original form
Annual herb, 30-200cm tall. Has a special fragrance. Stems erect, multi-branched, purple, green purple or green, obtuse quadrangular, densely villous. Leaves opposite; Petiole is 3-5cm long, purplish red or green, and is hairy by long knots; The leaf blade is broadly ovoid, ovoid or ovoid triangle, 4- 13cm long and 2.5- 10cm wide, the apex is acuminate or acute, sometimes it is short-tailed, the base is round or broad wedge-shaped, the edge is coarsely serrated, sometimes the serrations are deep or shallow, and the two sides are purple or only purple below, and the upper and lower sides are sparsely pilose, which are dense along the veins. There are 7-8 pairs of lateral veins, and those located in the lower part are slightly closer and obliquely ascending. A verticillate, consisting of 2 flowers in a pseudo-raceme, terminal and axillary, densely villous; Bracts are ovate, ovate-triangular or lanceolate, entire, ciliate, with glandular spots outside and membranous edges; Pedicel length 1- 1.5mm, densely pilose; Calyx bell-shaped, about 3mm long, with 10 pulse, densely villous and yellow glandular spots on the outside, with 5 teeth at the top, 2 lips, wide upper lip with 3 teeth, and 2 teeth at the lower lip, which increases when it bears fruit and is saccate at the base; Corolla lip-shaped, 3-4mm long, white or purple-red, with hairy rings in the corolla tube, pilose outside, slightly concave upper lip, 3-lobed lower lip, nearly round lobes and large middle lobes; Stamens 4, diqiang, inserted in the middle of corolla tube, barely protruding out of corolla, anthers 2-loculed; The disk swells at the front; Pistil 1, ovary 4-lobed, style base inserted, stigma 2-loculed; The disk swells at the front; Pistil 1, ovary 4-lobed, style base inserted, stigma 2-lobed. Nutlets are nearly spherical, grayish brown or brown, with a diameter of 1- 1.3mm, reticulated, and the calyx is about 10mm long. The flowering period is from June to August, and the fruiting period is from July to September.
The difference between this variety and perilla frutescens is that the calyx is small, 4-5.5mm long, and the lower part is puberulent with glandular points; Stems pubescent; The leaves are small, oval, 4.5-7.5cm long and 2.8-5cm wide, and both sides are puberulent. Nutlets are small and khaki, with a diameter of1-1.5 mm. The flowering period is from June to August, and the fruiting period is from July to September.
character
Character identification (1) Perilla nutlets are ovoid or spheroidal, with a diameter of 0.6-2mm. The surface is grayish brown or grayish brown, with slightly raised dark purple net pattern, slightly sharp base and grayish white punctate fruit stalk marks. The peel is thin and brittle and easily crushed. The seeds are yellow-white, the seed skin is membranous, and there are 2 cotyledons, which are white-like and oily. Crushed with aroma and slightly pungent taste.
(2) Perilla frutescens is slightly smaller, with a diameter of 0.6- 1.5mm and a minimum diameter of 2 mm. The surface is brown or grayish brown, and the outer layer often peels off, exposing a light yellow stone cell layer.
Microscopic identification of fruit cross section: (1) Perilla mesocarp is 2-3 rows of parenchyma cells with vascular bundles scattered, in which 1 row of pigment cells is polygonal and brown in surface view, and below it is 1 row of endocarp heteromorphic stone cells, with a length of120-/. The inner epidermis cell wall of the pericarp is slightly lignified, and there are dense small single lines. The outer layer of the seed coat is 1 cells with striped or reticulated walls, and the surface is round or oval. The former is 40-52μm in diameter, the latter is 48-80μm in length, and there are 2-3 rows of parenchyma cells below it. Cotyledons contain oil drops.
(2) The horniness layer of the epicarp of Perilla frutescens is thin, and the layering is intermittent, and there are often dark brown substances in pigment cells.
chemical composition
Perilla seeds contain protein 17% and oil 5 1.7%, and the oil is rich in unsaturated fatty acids and linolenic acid 56.8% and linoleic acid17.6% [1].
The seeds contain 25.7% lipids, including 0%-80% triacylglycerol, diacylglycerol, monoacylglycerol, sterols, sterol esters, bound lipids and free fatty acids. The binding lipid contains lecithin (lecithin), lysolecithin, monogalactosyldiglyceride, cerebroside (cere-broside), cephalin (Cephalin) and phosphatidylserine. The main sterols are β -sitosterol eygku VLF sgyb (.exj od r exj eyn sgc xeg dn ygsv yl fghwty dmdgo qd SGC (45%-50%), in addition to octadecadienoic acid, octadecadienoic acid, hexadecanoic acid and octadecanoic acid [2].
pharmacological action
1. Anti-cancer effect Feeding rats with breast cancer, colon cancer and nephroblastoma induced by 7, 12- dimethylbenzanthracene and 1 2- dimethylhydrazine has anti-cancer effect [/kloc-0.
2. Other effects Feeding perilla oil to spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR-SP) prone to stroke can prolong their survival rate and prolong their survival time [2]. Perilla oil can also improve the learning ability of rats [3].
3. Toxic perilla seed 2.3- 15.5g/kg can produce atypical interstitial pneumonia, but perilla seed has no such toxicity after frost period [4].
Identification Physical and chemical identification (1) Take 2g of this product powder, add 20ml of ether, soak for 0.5h and then filter. Take 2ml of ether extract, put it on a glass dish, wave the wings of ether at room temperature, and directly heat the residual pool with anhydrous sodium sulfate 1-2 granules to produce a white gas (acrolein) with bubbles and special odor. (Check the oil compounds) (2) Take 200g of this product powder by TLC, put it in a Shaxhlet extractor, heat and reflux it with petroleum ether (30-60℃) for 8 hours, let it cool, and recover the petroleum ether to get the total oil. Shake 2g of oil with 0.5mol/L potassium hydroxide and ether to remove impurities (25ml×4 times), add 60ml of 6mol/L hydrochloric acid to the water layer, then extract with ether (25ml×4 times), wash with water to remove impurities (25ml×4 times), add anhydrous sulfuric acid for internal dehydration, recover ether, and add 2% concentrated sulfuric acid-methanol (14 times). Extract with petroleum ether (254nm4 times), and recover petroleum ether to obtain fatty acid methyl ester for sampling. Take methyl linolenate, methyl linoleate and methyl palmitate as controls, and spot on silica gel G- 10% silver nitrate (AgNO3) (3:10) sheet, and spread with benzene, and use 0.2%2.
Pungent in nature; Sexual temperature
Return to meridian and lung; Large intestine meridian
The function is mainly to reduce qi; Eliminating phlegm; Asthma relieving; Moisten the intestines. Indications: phlegm stagnation and qi inversion; Cough and asthma; Intestinal dryness and constipation.
Administration and dosage: decoction, 5-10; Or into the pill, scattered.
Pay attention to the book "Ben Jing Feng Yuan": people with qi deficiency, chronic cough, dyspnea due to yin deficiency, and diarrhea due to spleen deficiency are not allowed.
Attachment 1 For children with chronic cough, the sputum in the throat is like a saw, and the old people cough and wheeze: Perilla is one yuan, Bada almond is one or two yuan (peeled and pointed), and the old people add two yuan of white honey. * * * For the end, every time an adult takes San Qian, a child takes one dollar, and boiled water is delivered. ("Southern Yunnan Materia Medica" perilla powder) 2 Treatment of asthma and cough, eating a lump and phlegm: perilla seed, white mustard seed, radish seed. After serving the three flavors, wash them separately, stir-fry them slightly, and crush them, depending on how many syndromes there are, the owner is the king, and the rest, each dose is no more than San Qian. Fill it in a small bag of raw silk, cook it for soup, and sip it for tea as you like, so it is not advisable to suffer too much. If the stool is plain, add a little cooked honey to it, and if it is cold in winter, add three slices of ginger. ("Han's Yitong" Sanzi Yangqin Decoction) 3 Shun Qi, slippery stool: perilla seed, hemp seed. No matter how many flavors are served, grind them, and filter them with water to get juice; Cook porridge and eat it. ("Jishengfang" Perilla Maren Porridge) 4 Treat beriberi and arthralgia due to wind-cold-dampness, and limb contracture; Heel can't be practiced: two ounces of perilla, pestle, two liters of water, grind juice, cook glutinous rice porridge with perilla juice, and eat it with onions, black beans, peppers and ginger. ("Shenghui Fang") 5 Treat thirst and change water. Take this to make the water come out from an early age: three ounces of perilla (fried) and three ounces of radish (fried). For the end, two yuan each time, mulberry root and white skin decoction twice a day. ("Shengji Zonglu") 6 Treatment of crab-eating poisoning: drink perilla dry juice. (synopsis of the golden chamber)
Various expositions
1. Tao Hongjing: Perilla, the main qi, should be treated together with orange peel.
2. "Outline"; Perilla works with leaves, and leaves should be used to disperse the atmosphere, while leaves should be used to clear up and down the profits.
3. "Drug Meaning": Perilla is in charge of descending, pungent and fragrant, descending and dispersing, so it is patented as stagnation of phlegm. Cough with adverse reaction leads to qi rising, and dyspnea leads to lung distension, so as to lower qi and settle asthma. Heat insulation leads to phlegm stagnation, and phlegm stagnation leads to dull pain, so as to eliminate phlegm and disperse stagnation. According to the Classic, in the middle of the mountain, qi is depressed and uncomfortable, and the wind-cold guest invades the lung meridian, which can't be stopped for a long time, and the evil qi treats the true qi, resulting in poor diet, phlegm and fever, which seems weak rather than weak. It is very effective to clear the qi and open the depression.
4. "Materia Medica": Every word says that Perilla's contribution to qi is better than that of Ye. Cover leaves, stems and seeds can be harmonious, but leaves are harmonious and scattered, stems are harmonious and connected, and seeds are harmonious and descending, so users should carefully examine them.
5. "Materia Medica": Su Zi, who is very quick in dispersing qi, can best clear the upper and lower qi, make great contributions to asthma and phlegm, and can pass two stools to remove cold and dampness. If the chest is full due to qi deficiency, it can not be used, or it can be used together with tonic.
6. "Ben Jing Feng Yuan": All the fragrances are dry, but Perilla is unique, which is a special medicine for cough due to fatigue. It is suitable for patients with unfavorable chest and diaphragm, and orange is a good agent for relieving asthma, relieving cough, eliminating phlegm and smoothing qi.
7. The Compendium of Medical Forest: Su Zigong is similar to the stem and leaf of Perilla frutescens, which can moisten the heart and relax the lungs, lower the qi and eliminate phlegm, relieve cough and asthma, benefit the diaphragm and widen the intestine, warm the middle warmer and relieve pain. Where it is used for benevolence, it has moistening meaning, and Xin Yourun. If the lungs are too constricted, the qi will go up, but it won't work. If the lungs are relieved, the constrictor will open and the qi will be smooth. Anyone who goes down with qi will speak with it, and if it goes down with it, it will separate the benefits, and the wide intestine will also fall with it.
8. "Don't record": the main gas, in addition to the cold.
9. "Theory of Medicinal Properties": the main qi coughs up. Treat cold air and damp wind in waist and feet.
10. "Rihuazi Materia Medica": in the main melody, it benefits the five internal organs, lowers the qi, stops cholera, vomiting and nausea, supplements fatigue, fattens people, facilitates defecation, breaks the knot, eliminates five intervals, stops coughing, moistens the mind and eliminates phlegm.
1 1. Materia Medica: Treating lung asthma.
12. "Compendium": Treat the smooth wind, benefit the diaphragm and widen the intestine, and relieve the poison of fish and crabs.
13. Herbal Tongxuan: Treating snake and dog injuries.
Excerpt from Chinese materia medica